Panel Regression Method Research Articles

The benefits of nonprofit reputation: Government funding, nonprofit performance, and nonprofit reputational gains

AbstractReputation is a valuable intangible resource whose role in public–nonprofit collaborations remains unexplored. Does nonprofit reputation influence government funding and nonprofit performance? Does nonprofit performance enhance nonprofit reputational gains? Our identification strategy adopts panel regression methods to assess whether nonprofit reputation influences government funding and nonprofit performance in 675 collaborations between the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) and 60 nonprofit hospitals from 2012 to 2019. Our results indicate that reputable nonprofit hospitals receive more government funding, hire more staff and achieve higher levels of production. This research also suggests a virtuous cycle: Better nonprofit performance leads to nonprofit reputational gains in official rankings. We thus contribute to reputation and public–nonprofit collaboration scholarship by empirically examining the role of nonprofit reputation in public–nonprofit collaborations and identifying mediators of the nonprofit reputation–performance link while responding to calls for more panel data analyses.

Analisis Pengaruh Ekspor dan Impor Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia Tahun 2018 – 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of exports and imports before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. The decline in export-import activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic has hurt Indonesia, where exports in 2020 compared to 2019 have decreased by 2.68 percent. In addition there are war between Rusia and Ukraine which gives effect to our Intrenational trade. This research was conducted using a quantitative method with export, import and economic growth variables in Indonesia from 2018 to 2020 by using data panel regression methods. Data was obtained from various sources in the form of journals and books along with publication data from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The results of the study show economic growth affected by exports and import by 76.25%. Exports have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, imports have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Exports and imports of goods and services during the pandemic era had a major impact on the Indonesia economy, proven by the 2.07% decline in gross domestic product in 2020. War Russia and Ukraine did not have a big impact because it benefited Indonesia in terms of oil exports to international markets, but the quality of goods and services needed to be improved in order to compete in international markets. And imports need to be controlled so that the balance of trade is not disrupted and the production of goods and services in Indonesia is still fulfilled.

Increasing Investment Effectiveness In State-Owned Companies In Indonesia By Implementing Measurable And Careful Risk Management

State-owned enterprises' (SOEs) performance is currently under increasing pressure. SOEs are businesses that the government controls, at least with a majority stake, in particular fields that typically concern public interests. The purpose of this study is to investigate how investment efficiency in Indonesian state-owned enterprises is affected by the implementation of precise and measurable risk management. The information utilized is board information from 25 non-monetary SOEs recorded on the Indonesia Stock Trade during the 2013-2018 period. The panel regression method is used for testing, and it was found that the joint implementation of risk management has a significant impact on investment efficiency. Linear regression is used in this study's quantitative research approach. Financial reports from non-financial SOEs that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2013 and 2018 were used as the data. The processed data from this study indicate that the implementation of risk management in non-financial SOEs in Indonesia between 2013 and 2018 has a significant impact on investment efficiency. The commitment to execute SOE risk the executives requires the board to deal with having choices to channel business decisions put forth to stay away from unprofitable attempts

INTEGRITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DILIHAT DARI INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DAN LEVERAGE

The information in the submitted financial reports must be relevant and reliable so that the decisions taken by investors are not biased, and that the financial statements have integrity. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of Intellectual Capital and leverage on the Integrity of Financial Statements in transportation sector companies. The population used in this study are transportation sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019 – 2021. The research sample consisted of 11 companies selected using the Purposive Sampling technique and 3 years of observation. The research method uses the Panel Regression method. The results show that Intellectual Capital has no effect on the Integrity of Financial Statements and leverage has a positive and significant effect on the Integrity of Financial StatementsKeywords - Financial Statement Integrity, Intellectual Capital, leverage.

Anti-corruption disclosure quality and earnings management in the United Kingdom: the role of audit quality

PurposeBuilding upon institutional pressures on firms to deal with corruption, this study aims to investigate the association between a firm's engagement with anti-corruption disclosure quality (ACD_Q) and earnings management (EM). Also, this study examines the moderating role of audit quality in the association between ACD_Q and EM.Design/methodology/approachThe authors constructed an ACD_Q index based on the 2010 UK Bribery Act and taking into account a wide range of rules on corruption and bribery, including those of the OECD, World Bank, UNCTAD, UNGC, UNCAC and GRI. Generalized method of moments and panel regression were used to examine the association between ACD_Q and EM.FindingsUsing a sample of 2,695 firm‐year observations of the UK’s FTSE-350 from 2008 to 2018, this study finds ACD_Q is negatively associated with EM. In addition, this negative relationship is contingent on audit committee independence and audit committee expertise. This finding is supported by additional robustness and sensitivity analysis.Practical implicationsThe empirical evidence reiterates the crucial need for more concerted efforts to ensure corporate engagement in anti-corruption practices with a view to reducing earnings manipulations.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the limited evidence that investigates how ACD Q influences EM in the UK after the introduction of the UK Bribery Act in 2010. Furthermore, by considering the period from 2008 to 2019, this study investigates the potential moderating role of UK corporate governance reforms in EM reduction. In particular, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study assesses for the first time the moderating effect of audit committee mechanisms on the ACD Q and EM nexus.

Impact of green finance and fintech on sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from India

This research study analytically investigates the influence of green finance and financial technology on sustainable economic growth. The analysis is based on data from Indian states from 2010 to 2021. The research paper uses the panel regression method to examine the association between fintech, green finance and economic growth by applying a two-step GMM (generalized model of moments) to determine the endogeneity issues of the variables. This paper reveals that green finance widely helps quality economic growth by significantly impacting finance structure, financial effectiveness, and environmental quality protection development. Furthermore, fintech enhances the significant effect of green finance in the finance structure and environmental quality protection while lacking consequences on the association between green finance and economic effectiveness. Based on the results, the current research paper offers policy submissions for policymakers and the Government of India, including strengthening the consolidation of fintech growth with green finance, structuring a quality environmental revelation outline to control state governments in refining the effectiveness of green finance, and emerging prolonged satisfactory protocol as an outside involvement proceeding to encourage green finance in the non-public sector.

Association between provincial sunshine duration and mortality rates in China: Panel data study

Backgroundmortality rates are usually influenced by the variations of environmental factors. However, there are few studies on the impact of sunlight duration induced mortality. In this study, we examine provincial level associations between the sunshine duration and crude mortality rates. Methodswe use China mortality data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China combined with China census data and data from the China Meteorological Data Service Centre. Annual mortality rates for 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China from 2005 to 19. Data are analyzed at the provincial level by using panel regression methods. The main outcome measures are the mortality rates associated with average daily sunshine duration. Then we perform a series of sentimental analyses. Resultsthe average daily sunshine duration ratio cubed is positively associated with provincial level mortality rates (β = 11.509, 95% confidence interval 1.869 to 21.148). According to this estimate, increasing 2.895 h of additional daily sunshine is associated with an estimated 1.15% increase in the crude mortality rates. A series of sensitivity analyses show a consistent pattern of associations between average daily sunshine duration ratio cubed and mortality rates. Conclusionsmore sunshine duration is associated with increased mortality rates. While the associations documented cannot be assumed to be causal, they suggest a potential association between increased sunshine duration and increased mortality rates.

Empirická verifikace vztahu mezi saldem hospodaření sektoru vládních institucí a běžného účtu platební bilance: Případ zemí Evropské unie

The article focuses on the relationship between the general government balance and the current account of the balance of payments. The aim is to summarize the existing knowledge about the relationship based on the twin deficit theory and to carry out an empirical verification. As part of the analysis, the Granger causality method is first applied to each EU country separately, and then the threshold panel regression method is used. For the subsequent estimation of the threshold panel model, the direction of the relationship from the general government balance to the current account is considered based on the results of Granger causality. Within the panel, the dependence of the balances on the level of the general government debt to GDP is tested. First, the relationship and its strength are verified in all EU countries. Due to the diversity of EU countries, the economies are subsequently aggregated into sub-panels. Threshold values for general government debt affecting the strength of the relationship between balances are different for individual panels and depend, among other things, on the perception of these countries by the financial markets and often also on the (high) indebtedness of the private sector, which usually requires a more drastic fiscal policy response.

Chief executive officer attributes, stock's liquidity, and firm's performance

AbstractThis study unfolds the CEO attributes, stock liquidity, and firms' performance nexus, drawing from an individual's personality attributes who hold the highest managerial positions. The fixed‐effect panel regression method is employed using nonfinancial firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2020. Significantly, CEOs' age, tenure, and ownership are positively associated with stock liquidity and firms' performance. Additionally, stock liquidity partially mediates the said nexus. This study provides new insights which confirm the theoretical implications of upper echelons theory which means specific attributes of an individual i.e., CEO can cause better performance of a firm.

Unmasking the Effect of News Media on Islamic Stock Market: Are ASEAN-3 Countries Vulnerable to Covid-19 News?

This study provides a novel viewpoint by clarifying the effect of the COVID-19 news on the fluctuations of the Islamic capital market in the ASEAN Region. It aims to explore the effect of news related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the movement of the Islamic stock index in ASEAN-3 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand). This research examined five news-related indices: panic emotion index, media hype index, sentiment index, fake news index, and contagion index. The research employed long-term daily secondary data covering one year during the COVID-19 pandemic to test the hypothesis. A total of 1086 data were analyzed using the panel regression method through EViews 9. The findings indicated that news media and the resulting sentiment have the potential to negatively affect the Islamic stock index movement through the panic and media hype index. The excitement and panic caused by the online news media negatively affected the movement of Islamic stock prices in the three ASEAN Islamic stock indexes, whereas fake news and contagion index were found to have no significant effect on the stock index movement.

Bank funding diversity, risk and profitability: Evidence from Vietnam in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic

This study empirically explores the effects of bank funding diversity on Vietnamese commercial banks’ profitability and risk in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The panel regression method was used to analyze quarterly data from 27 Vietnamese commercial banks from Q1-2016 to Q1-2021. The study findings demonstrate that commercial banks with diverse financing sources are more profitable and riskier. In the meanwhile, the COVID-19 outbreak did not diminish the short-term profitability of Vietnamese commercial banks, but it did increase their exposure to risk. On the basis of the empirical findings, this paper also proposes a number of strategies to assist Vietnamese commercial banks in operating more effectively and securely in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Examining the role of financial innovation on economic growth: Fresh empirical evidence from developing and developed countries

From an economic prospective, the relationship between financial innovation and economic growth has always been a critical aspect of the financial system. However, this relationship has not recieved extensive attention in academia. Therefore, this study examines the effect of financial innovation on economic growth in the context of developing and developed countries using 92 cross-sectional data over the period of 2002 to 2020, the fixed effect method of panel regression has been applied to examine the relationship between financial innovation and economic growth. This study has compared the results of developing and developed countries using different combinations of explanatory variables. The results of this study depict that various combinations of variables have varied impacts on dependent variable. This study has revealed the negative relationship between financial innovation and economic growth. However, domestic credit to private sector banks has the best proxy for financial innovation. This study suggests that regulators should focus on encouraging and discouraging financial innovation based on its impact on the economy.

Effect of managerial and operational gender diversity on financial performance: an investigation on Borsa Istanbul commercial banks

Purpose- This study aims to investigate the effect of gender equality/diversity practices on financial performance at the management and operational level. Methodology- The financial indicators of the four commercial banks included in the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index (GEI) for the years 2016-2021 have been compared with Borsa Istanbul commercial banks not included in the index through descriptive statistics. The effect of being included in the index on firm performance has been analyzed with the panel regression method. Return on assets and return on equity has been used as financial performance criteria. Findings- The average market value/book value, return on assets and return on equity of the companies included in the gender equality index are higher than the companies not included in the index; It has been determined that the loans/deposit ratio and average asset size are lower than the companies that are not included in the index. The results of the panel regression analysis have shown that being included in the gender equality index positively affects the return on assets and return on equity. Conclusion- Determining the positive effect of gender diversity on financial performance at the management and operational level will be a guide for practitioners, investors and regulators. Keywords: Gender diversity, gender inequality index (GEI), financial performance JEL Codes: C23, G30, J16

Open Unemployment Rate Modeling in The Province of Jawa Timur in 2019-2021 using Data Panel Regression Method

Unemployment is an essential indicator in the employment sector, where the unemployment rate could measure to what extent the existing field jobs can absorb the labor force. Based on BPS’s data, the total population in Jawa Timur in 2019 was 39,70 million people, the second most populated province in Indonesia after West Java. This number increases every year until 2021 to 40,88 million people. This increase resulted in a greater labor force than demand, so unemployment emerged. Therefore, further analysis of factors affecting Jawa Timur's open unemployment rate in 2019-2021 is needed. This study will use a data panel regression method which combines time series data and cross-section. Besides getting a panel regression model of the open unemployment rate, the characteristics of the open unemployment rate and factors that are suspected to affect it will be analyzed. The estimation results from this panel regression give the best model, the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The significant variable is the Economic Growth Rate, Minimum Wages of District/City, and Total Population, with a coefficient of determination of 92.90 percent.

Quantifying the impact of strong ties in international scientific research collaboration.

Tie strength has been examined as an antecedent of creativity. Although it has been discovered that international collaboration affects scientific performance, the effect of tie strength in the international collaboration network has been largely neglected. Based on international publications of 72 countries/regions published from 1993 to 2013, we combine descriptive and panel regression methods to examine how the bonding of strong collaboration ties contributes to countries' international scientific performance. Strong ties occur at an average rate of 1 in 4 collaborators, whereas countries/regions share on average 84% of articles with their strong-tie collaborators. Our quantitative results provide an explanation for this phenomenon in international collaboration: the establishment of a strong tie relationship contributes to above-average productivity and citation frequency for countries/regions. To further explore which types of strong ties tend to have stronger citation impact, we analyse the relationship between persistent and stable collaboration and publication citation impact. Experimental results show that international collaborations with greater persistence and moderate stability tend to produce high impact publications. It is noteworthy that when the collaboration period is divided into different time intervals, similar findings can be found after the same analysis procedure is carried out. This indicates that our conclusions are robust. Overall, this study provides quantitative insights into the added value of long-term commitment and social trust associated with strong collaborative partnerships in international collaboration.

How do information and communication technology and urbanization affect carbon emissions? Evidence from 42 selected "Belt and Road Initiative" countries.

Reducing carbon emissions is key to achieving the 13th UN sustainable development goals. With the acceleration of informatization and urbanization in the "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) countries, it is necessary to explore the impact of ICT and urbanization on carbon emissions in the BRI countries. This paper uses the Driscoll-Kraay panel regression method, multi-chain mediation effect model, and panel moment quantile regression method to study the influence channel and heterogeneous impact of ICT, urbanization, and their interaction on carbon emissions in 42 selected BRI countries. The main empirical results reveal the inhibition of ICT and the promotion of urbanization on carbon emissions. Moreover, the integrated development of ICT and urbanization contributes to reducing carbon emissions. Industrial structure upgrading and energy intensity are found to be the channels through which ICT, urbanization, and their interactions affect carbon emissions. In addition, the impact of ICT, urbanization, and their interaction on carbon emissions varies with different measurement indicators and quantiles. Therefore, it is suggested that BRI countries should formulate appropriate ICT development policies according to their conditions, strengthen ICT application, and especially promote the integrated development of ICT and urbanization, to achieve sustainable urban development.

The impact of head teacher praise and criticism on adolescent non-cognitive skills: Evidence from China.

Although the importance of teacher feedback has been confirmed by a great number of studies, the association of head teacher praise and criticism with adolescents' non-cognitive skills still needs more deeper and more extensive research. Therefore, how to improve the non-cognitive skills of adolescents, especially those with disadvantaged family and economic backgrounds, has become a key concern in the field of educational practice. Based on CEPS data, this paper used panel regression and PSM-DID methods to analyze the impact of head teacher feedback on an adolescent's non-cognitive skills measured by the big-five personality scale. It found that praise from head teachers favorably influenced adolescents' extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness, yet significantly mitigates their neuroticism. Meanwhile, the effect of criticism from head teachers is bi-facial: It made a positive effect on adolescents' extraversion and openness but impaired their conscientiousness and neuroticism. As rural adolescents notably lag in their non-cognitive skills and are much less likely to be praised by head teachers compared to their urban peers, we estimate that when rural adolescents are frequently praised by their head teachers at the same level as urban students, their gap in extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and conscientiousness would be narrowed by 12.51%, 16.58%, 11.35%, 14.25%, and 24.29%. This finding has significant implications for head teacher teaching and adolescent well-being. The study examined the effects of head teacher praise and criticism on adolescent non-cognitive skills. The results showed that adolescents who were often praised by head teachers developed better non-cognitive skills. While the effect of head teacher criticism was two-sided: it enhances extraversion and openness as well as heightens neuroticism and corrupts conscientiousness. We further analyzed the urban-rural gap in non-cognitive skills and found that rural adolescents significantly lagged, and they have a lower possibility to be often praised by the head teacher, but a higher probability to be criticized. Through the PSM-DID quasi-experimental design, it was suggested that more head teacher praise can improve the non-cognitive skills among adolescents. When rural adolescents are estimated to receive the same amount of praise as urban adolescents, the disparities reduction in their non-cognitive skills can become possible. Our findings are of great significance to promote adolescent non-cognitive skills development and improve educational equity in urban and rural areas.

The Mediating Role of Board Size and Working Capital Management in Corporate Governance on Firm Performance

Purpose: This study aimed to test the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance, as well as the mediating role of board size and working capital management in the relationship. The sample in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2017-2021. Methodology: The panel regression method was used to analyse research data. In this study, corporate governance was proxied by independent commissioners and ownership structure, while firm performance was measured by ROA and ROE. Meanwhile, the mediating variable, board size was measured by the number of board of directors and working capital management was measured by average payment period. Findings: The results showed that independent commissioners had a significant positive effect as measured by ROA and ROE. While ownership structure also had a significant positive effect as measured by ROA. In addition, working capital management was proven to have a partial mediating role in the relationship between independent commissioners and ROA. However, working capital management was not proven to have a mediating role in the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance, and board size was also not proven to have a mediating role. Practical Implications: This study helps companies understand the significance of corporate board structure and ownership in the effort of achieving a good corporate governance to maximize firm performance. Originality/Value: This study contributes to studies on the effect of corporate governance on firm performance, where the novelty lies in working capital management and board size as mediating variables in the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Economic Growth in Underdeveloped Regions in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the effect of Village Fund Allocation (ADD), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (PMTB) and Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) on Economic Growth in 62 Disadvantaged Regions in Indonesia. The research sample covers 62 Disadvantaged Regions in Indonesia according to PEPRES RI Number 63 of 2020-2024, the period from 2016 to 2020. The panel regression method uses the Fixed Effect model to investigate the influence of Village Fund Allocation (ADD), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (PMTB)) and Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) on the Economic Growth of 62 Underdeveloped Regions in Indonesia. The results showed that the village Fund Allocation (ADD) variables and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (PMTB) respectively had a positive and significant influence on the Economic Growth of 62 Disadvantaged Regions in Indonesia, while the Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) variable had a positive but not significant to the Economic Growth of 62 Disadvantaged Regions in Indonesia.

Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Penghindaran Pajak di Indonesia: Efek Moderasi dari Kualitas Audit

Tax avoidance is an action that can be taken by companies in an effort to reduce their obligation to pay taxes legally. Family and non-family companies have different characteristics in making tax avoidance decisions where family companies tend to prioritize the company's reputation in the future. This study aims to examine the effect of family ownership on the occurrence of tax evasion, as well as the role of audit quality in moderating this relationship. There are 777 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2021 as the study population. Companies that meet the sample criteria are 239 companies. The data analysis method used in this study is the panel regression method. The results showed that family ownership can influence ETR in a significant positive way. The effect of audit quality cannot strengthen the relationship between family ownership and tax evasion.
 Keywords: Tax Avoidance; Family Ownership; Audit Quality