Panel Evaluation Research Articles

FRI322 Lack Of Tumor Size Change With Long-term Cabergoline For Prolactinoma

Abstract Disclosure: S. Bendaram: None. V. Kantorovich: None. Introduction: Prolactinomas are the most common tumors of the pituitary gland and account for about 40% of all Pituitary adenomas, of which 10% are macroprolactinomas measuring >1 cm. Dopamine Agonists (DAs) normalize the prolactin levels and aid in shrinkage of the tumor size. We present two cases of Macroprolactinomas with biochemical response to DAs but no shrinkage in size as expected. Case 1: 75-year-old male with history of hypertension, left frontal MCA stroke with residual aphasia who underwent brain MRI for a recent TIA, was found to have a new 2.3 x 1.9 x 2.4 cm mass in the pituitary fossa invading the right cavernous sinus, concerning for a pituitary macroadenoma. Prolactin levels were 4152 ng/ml on dilution study, low testosterone with inappropriately normal LH/FSH. He denied any symptoms from compression, hyperprolactinemia or hypogonadism. After starting Cabergoline 0.25 mg biweekly, repeat levels in 2 weeks showed a decline in prolactin levels to 808.7 ng/ml. Visual Field (VF) testing was abnormal but was unreliable due to high fixation losses. Same dose of cabergoline was continued, with decline in prolactin further to 37.8 ng/ml, while a repeat MRI Brain showed no substantial change in the size of the mass. Cabergoline was doubled, and a repeat MRI still demonstrated same size of the mass, despite prolactin levels decreasing to below normal range. Case 2: 62-year-old male with history of macroprolactinoma for >3 years, but non-adherent to medications, who presented to his PCP with persistent occipital headaches, and was referred to Endocrinology due to repeat MRI brain revealing interval increase in the size of sellar and suprasellar mass measuring 2.2 x 2.2 x 2.9 cm in size consistent with macroadenoma with mass-effect on the optic chiasm and prechiasmatic optic nerves. Evaluation of pituitary panel revealed prolactin levels of 1352 ng/ml, low testosterone and LH, while the rest of the labs were normal. He was started on cabergoline 0.5 mg biweekly, and a repeat prolactin level after a single dose of cabergoline improved to 469 ng/ml. He was continued on the same dose with prolactin dropping to 2.6 ng/ml in 2 months, and further to 1.8 ng/dl after 10 months of treatment. Initial VF testing also demonstrated some degree of defect with compression of optic chiasm. Repeat MRI 3 months after initiation of cabergoline revealed interval decrease in size of macroadenoma to 2.1 cm in the largest dimension, which stayed the same on the recent imaging. Discussion: DAs like Cabergoline are first line therapy for prolactinomas. Fibrotic changes from long standing adenomas might be a possibility causing resistance to shrinkage of tumor, however it would be interesting to know if any specific molecular mechanisms that could be involved. In tumors with significant mass effect or those not responding to MT, Surgery is the preferred next step, and neurosurgery evaluation is necessary for further management. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Performance evaluation of Biofire Film Array Respiratory Panel 2.1 for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a pediatric hospital setting.

The highly contagious nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), requires rapid diagnostic tests to prevent the virus from spreading within hospitals and communities. Reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is the gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections but is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and restricted to centralized laboratories. There is a growing need to develop and implement point-of-care and rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection to address these limitations. We aimed to evaluate the performance of BioFire Film Array Respiratory Panel 2.1 (BioFire FA-RP2.1) for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a pediatric hospital setting. The BioFire FA-RP2.1 test provides rapid results and can identify several viral and bacterial infections in a single test. This prospective, cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study enrolled participants ranging from 0 to 18 years of age, seeking medical consultation for any reason, who had been in contact with individuals confirmed to have COVID-19 or managed at the hospital for medical or surgical reasons. We employed a systematic sampling technique to ensure a representative sample. The study included 339 participants with a median age of 5 years. The BioFire FA-RP2.1 test detected SARS-CoV-2 in 18.6% of cases, while the reference RT-PCR test in 14% of cases. The BioFire FA-RP2.1 sensitivity and specificity for SARS CoV-2 detection were 98% and 94%, respectively. The positive probability coefficient (LR+) was 18. The agreement between the two tests was 0.80. In addition, the BioFire FA-RP2.1 test detected coinfection with two viruses in 7,6% of cases. The BioFire FA-RP2.1 is a reliable solution to meet pediatric healthcare needs and improve prognosis in the post-pandemic era thanks to its friendly interface and rapid testing process.

B-100 Hbsag Performance Improvement of Novel MASTM Infectious Controls for Serology Diagnostic Tests

Abstract Background Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus. While preventable by vaccination, Hepatitis B remains prevalent across the globe. While prevalence is low in many areas of the world, there are still regions in which the prevalence is considered to be high. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) can be one of the first indicators of Hepatitis B infection, and it is a commonly screened diagnostic test to determine if a patient is immune, susceptible, or has acute or chronic HBV infection. While HBsAg is a critical marker in diagnosing a patient, it presents unique challenges. The Thermo Scientific™ MAS™ Omni™ Infectious BSI Positive Control Panel* is a multi-constituent IVD control containing anti-HIV-1/2, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, and anti-HTLV I/II antibodies, as well as Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in a human plasma-based matrix. Development and Stability Studies were conducted to evaluate and ensure optimal analyte performance throughout the shelf-life duration. As this is a multi-constituent control, the HBsAg challenges must be adequately addressed to ensure the integrity and reliability of the results of all analytes. Two specific areas of focus are HBsAg instability at increased temperature and HBsAg-Fibrinogen interaction in plasma products. We report here the continued development and assessment of HBsAg in the MAS™ Omni Infectious Controls family. Methods The BSI Positive Control Panel was evaluated with IVD assays to assess Shelf-Life and demonstrate the effect of elevated temperature and fibrinogen on HBsAg. Shelf life of the products was determined by real-time, accelerated, open vial, and in-use stability monitoring. Additionally, open-vial stability monitoring demonstrates the relationship between HBsAg and fibrinogen within the control products. Between Month 0 and 12, samples were run neat without processing. At Month 12, samples were centrifuged to verify the validity of the open-vial stability claim. Results The evaluation of the BSI Positive Control Panel demonstrates the effects of temperature and fibrinogen on HBsAg. The Real-Time and Accelerated stability studies combine to demonstrate the effect of elevated temperatures on HBsAg within the multi-analyte control. The Open-Vial stability studies completed at 0 and 12 months combine to demonstrate the effect of fibrinogen on HBsAg within the multi-analyte control. Conclusions The MAS™ Omni Infectious control products will perform optimally provided the proper sample processing and storage conditions are implemented. Improper storage at elevated temperatures will result in degradation at an increased rate for the HBsAg present in the sample. Additionally, it is imperative that the proper raw materials are chosen in the production of the multi-analyte controls. When using plasma products, it is best to use defibrinated plasma. For extra precaution, raw material should be centrifuged and filtered prior to production to avoid degradation due to fibrinogen. Reliable, high-quality controls are vital in ensuring that clinical diagnostic assays are functioning properly. *Availability of product in each country depends on local regulatory marketing authorization status

Effectiveness of a nurse-led personalized patient engagement program to promote type 2 diabetes self-management: A randomized controlled trial.

PHEinAction® is a theory-based nurse-led patient engagement intervention developed among an Italian older adult population with various chronic diseases to facilitate cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in promoting individuals' active roles. This study aims to adapt and evaluate the effectiveness of PHEinAction® on diabetes self-management (DSM) among Turkish type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. First, the generic content of the intervention was customized for diabetes management and adapted for the Turkish population, including back-forward translation and expert panel evaluation; then, a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 51 adult diabetes patients randomly assigned to intervention or the control group receiving the usual care. The intervention consisted of two in-person sessions of 4-week intervals, a telephone consultation, and home-based written exercises, which involved personalized care activities addressing individuals' engagement levels and covering the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. The scores for treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and patient engagement had significantly improved with a large size effect in the intervention group at the fourth-week follow-up compared with the control group. Findings suggest that the nurse-led personalized patient engagement program could effectively promote DSM.

Self-help application for obsessive-compulsive disorder based on exposure and response prevention technique with prototype design and usability evaluation: Across-sectional study.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively common disorder that, due to its debilitating nature, significantly affects personal abilities, job performance, social adjustment, and interpersonal relationships. There are significant barriers to accessing evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy as a first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mobile health applications (Apps) offer a promising way to improve access to evidence-based therapies while overcoming these barriers. The present study was to design and evaluate a prototype of a self-help application for people with OCD (the most common pattern of OCD) based on the exposure and response prevention (ERP) technique. This work was developed in four different phases. (1) Needs assessment: a thorough literature review, reviewing existing related programs and apps, and interviewing patients and psychiatrists; (2) Creating a paper prototype: considering the functional features identified in the previous phase using wireframe sketcher software. (3) Creating a digital prototype: developing an actual prototype using Axure RP software based on the information obtained from an expert panel's evaluation of the paper prototype. (4) Prototype usability evaluation: through a heuristic evaluation with experts and usability testing with patients using the SUS questionnaire. After requirement analysis, requirements were defined in the areas of information and educational elements, and functional capabilities. Prototypes designed based on identified requirements include capabilities such as in-app online self-help groups, assessing the severity of the symptoms of the disorder, psychological training, supportive treatment strategies, setting personalized treatment plans, tracking treatment progress through weekly reports provided, anxiety assessment, and setting reminders. The results of the heuristic evaluation with experts made it possible to identify how to provide information and implement the capabilities in a way that is more appropriate and easier for the user.

P02-02: Evaluation of urinary safety biomarker panel to improve monitoring of preclinical Antisense Oligonucleotide-induced tubular kidney toxicity

P02-02: Evaluation of urinary safety biomarker panel to improve monitoring of preclinical Antisense Oligonucleotide-induced tubular kidney toxicity

Evaluation of Sandwich Panels Strengthened by Different Corrugated Aluminum Cores Under Flexural and Compressive Loadings

Evaluation of Sandwich Panels Strengthened by Different Corrugated Aluminum Cores Under Flexural and Compressive Loadings

An early onset cone dystrophy due to CEP290 mutation: a case report

PurposeBiallelic mutations in the CEP290 gene cause early onset retinal dystrophy or syndromic disease such as Senior-Loken or Joubert syndrome. Here, we present an unusual non-syndromic case of a juvenile retinal dystrophy caused by biallelic CEP290 mutations imitating initially the phenotype of achromatopsia or slowly progressing cone dystrophy.MethodsWe present 13 years of follow-up of a female patient who presented first with symptoms and findings typical for achromatopsia. The patient underwent functional and morphologic examinations, including fundus autofluorescence imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, color vision and visual field testing.ResultsDiagnostic genetic testing via whole genome sequencing and virtual inherited retinal disease gene panel evaluation finally identified two compound heterozygous variants c.4452_4455del;p.(Lys1484Asnfs*4) and c.2414T > C;p.(Leu805Pro) in the CEP290 gene.ConclusionsCEP290 mutation causes a wide variety of clinical phenotypes. The presented case shows a phenotype resembling achromatopsia or early onset slowly progressing cone dystrophy.

Development of the Clinical Interview for Bipolar Disorder (CIBD) – Rational and experts’ panel evaluation

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is underdiagnosed, and the average time gap between the onset and diagnosis due to poor screening is 7 years. This study aims to describe the development of the semi-structured Clinical Interview for Bipolar Disorder (CIBD) for diagnosing bipolar spectrum disorders and assessing the impact of psychological interventions, using a mixed method approach of clinician and interviewee ratings, with a recovery approach. Methods: CIBD was based on DSM-5 and developed by a multidisciplinary team. Firstly, a research review on BD assessment was conducted, and published guidelines from international BD experts were incorporated into the interview. Secondly, an expert panel formed by 9 psychiatrists, 8 psychologists, a nurse, and a neuropsychologist with expertise in BD was asked to assess it for clarity, pertinence, and completeness. Results: CIBD structure and sections were rated with high scores (range: 0-80) regarding usefulness (78.63), clarity (74.53), and completeness (77.63). The expert panel gave suggestions to clarify, add and change some instructions in the introduction, suicide risk scale for BD, and the empowerment scale, and an index was also added to help navigate the interview. Conclusion: CIBD is an acceptable and comprehensive tool for assessing BD and related disorders contributing to a recovery perspective and might be useful for tracing intervention improvements. Experts highlight the CIBD’s unique contributions, including the suicidality scale encompassing BD-specific risk factors, BD specifiers, and the assessment of clients’ empowerment. Overall, the CIBD seems to be a promising innovative instrument for diagnosing and assessing BD.

Development and Initial Validation of the First Questionnaire to Evaluate Performance-related Pain Among Musicians with Different Backgrounds: Performance-related Pain Among Musicians Questionnaire (PPAM).

To develop and perform the expert's content validation and pretesting of the first questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate performance-related pain among musicians with different backgrounds. The development of the Performance-related Pain Among Musicians Questionnaire (PPAM) was carried out in 4 phases: (1) item generation, (2) experts' panel evaluation and content validation (3) pretesting, and (4) conceptualization of the final version. For item generation we conducted two systematic reviews to identify the existing tools evaluating similar constructs and the predictive factors of performance-related pain. Four expert panel meetings and three pilot tests were performed, with a total of 94 musicians. From the 1154 articles initially found in the literature search, 153 were included (65 related to pain tools and 88 related to predictive factors) and a pool of 115 items were created. After expert panel evaluation and pretesting, a final self-report questionnaire was defined, comprising 33 core items to evaluate 3 constructs (pain intensity, pain interference in general activities and pain interference in performance), as well as 32 additional items (optional module - predictive factors). The PPAM Questionnaire is specifically designed and validated for musicians and can be applied for all types of musicians (professional, amateur and music students), allowing the development of comparative studies between musicians. It is a new enriched tool, easy to respond and disseminate to large, multicentre, and international samples. PPAM is suitable for research and clinical practice purposes and will allow the improved assessment and monitoring of pain in this occupational context.

ARCTIC ARCHITECTURES: UNLEASHING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RESILIENCE IN EXTREME COLD REGIONS

Severe cold regions like Alaska are grappling with the challenge of adapting to unpredictable temperature fluctuations and ensuring indoor thermal comfort for occupants as well as saving energy consumption of the building. Therefore, proactive measures are crucial to adapt buildings to withstand the damaging consequences of extreme weather conditions. This study focuses on the evaluation of dynamic thermal performance in wall assemblies using composite infill panels integrated into a framing system, featuring vacuum insulated panels (VIPs). A precast residential unit located in Alaska serves as the testing ground. A comprehensive dataset collected by the Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC) from January to April 2023 in Fairbanks, AK Leveraging, including outdoor and indoor temperature, heat flux, and relative humidity measurements is utilized. The evaluation of the wall panels' dynamic thermal performance is conducted by using two key metrics of Decrement Factor (DF) and Time Lag (TL). Additionally, the study examines the correlation between temperature fluctuations, heat flux, and relative humidity. The results reveal a direct correlation between temperature fluctuations during winter conditions and heat flux, while relative humidity demonstrates an inverse correlation. This research contributes to the development of energy-efficient and resilient buildings in Arctic regions. These insights will aid decision-makers in effectively adapting to the challenges posed by extreme weather conditions associated with climate change. Ultimately, this study paves the way for the creation of buildings that can thrive in severe cold climates while ensuring optimal energy efficiency and occupant well-being.

Design and analysis of the thermal-insulation panel for the test section of the environmental wind tunnel

Thermal-insulation panels are an important part of the test section for the environmental wind tunnel, which has the function of ensuring uniform airflow temperature and reducing heat loss. Considering many factors such as temperature, humidity, and pressure, it is determined that the average heat dissipation rate of the insulation panel’s outer surface temperature is less than 20 W/m2. The temperature difference between the outer surface of the insulation layer and the environment is not more than 10°C when the airflow temperature inside the test section reaches 95 °C. There is no condensation on the insulation layer when the airflow temperature inside the test section is -10 °C. By comparing various schemes, a phenolic foam was selected as the thermal-insulation material, and process measures such as liquid raw material mixing foaming and special equipment were adopted to complete the fabrication of the panels, and a composite assembly method was adopted to build panels in the test section. The results show that the thermal-insulation panel’s structure is conformed to the requirements of wind-tunnel operation and heat loss, which provides an important basis for reference for the construction of relevant test equipment.

Development evaluation of China’s regional innovation during the deep integration process of industry-university research institute cooperation network-a perspective of change speed

ABSTRACT The dynamics of China’s regional innovation in the process of deep integration between industry, university, and research institutes is in a constant state of flux, exhibiting various characteristics such as fluctuations and shifts. This study aims to assess the development status of China’s regional industry-university research institute cooperation network from the perspective of change speed, utilising catastrophe series theory and methods such as butterfly catastrophe, dovetail catastrophe, and cusp catastrophe. Through a static time series panel evaluation, the study captures the static change speed value and trend value of the deep integration of China’s regional industry-university research institute cooperation network. Drawing on Newton’s second law of motion in physics as a reference, a comprehensive evaluation value is derived, reflecting the actual development status of China’s regional industry-university research institute cooperation network from the perspective of change speed.

Theoretical and experimental investigation of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination solar system using the solar panel, battery, and water turbine for high-pressure recovery of output brine

Drinking water shortage is one of the most critical risks threatening current communities. The number of freshwater resources is decreasing due to industrialization and population growth in addition to unprecedented consumption. Brine desalination processes are the solution that helps to overcome this crisis. Among desalination techniques, reverse osmosis (RO) is the leading technique in this field. In this study, we investigate a desalination system, a photovoltaic/water turbine (PV/WT) panel based on the RO technique to provide the water required for several rural families living in Ilam at a small scale. This paper examines the exergy and economic analysis to measure the lifetime of equipment by using ESS Software. Results show that the lifetime of equipment equals 350, 73, 183, and 360$ for PV, WT, battery (B), and RO, respectively. On the other hand, the output rate of the PV panel and RO purification machine equals 12% and 35%, respectively. Also, three hybrid arrangements are examined: PV + RO, PV + B + RO, and PV + WT + B + RO, and the most efficient arrangement is introduced in which, the maximum water desalination volume is 150L per day, and the TDS rate of output water is decreased up to 120 ppm, and the produced drinking water throughout the project equals 25 m3. Moreover, solar and WT panels generate 120 and 20 kw/h of electricity over the project time, respectively.

Fuzzy Decision-Making Model for Solar Photovoltaic Panel Evaluation

The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is one of the most promising ways to generate electricity. However, the complex technical parameters associated with them make the choice between different PV panels a complicated task. The aim of the article is the analysis and multi-criteria evaluation of PV panels available on the Polish market and to indicate the optimal solar PV panels according to the adopted technical criteria. The practical goal was achieved using a fuzzy approach, taking into account the uncertainty of operational parameters. Based on the applied approach and multi-criteria NEAT F-PROMETHEE method, a fuzzy decision model was built for the evaluation of PV panels. The results of this model were compared with the results of an analogous model that did not take into account the uncertainty of the data. As a result of the research, it was found that the results of the fuzzy model should be considered more reliable, because fuzzy numbers allow for capturing more data than real numbers, which translates into greater reliability of the results of the fuzzy model.

Dermatology in Contemporary Times: Building Awareness of Social Media's Association With Adolescent Skin Disease and Mental Health.

The contribution of psychological disorders to the burden of skin disease has been poorly explored in adolescent patients. The review aims to provide insights into the psychological, social, occupational, and social medias' association with acne, atopic dermatitis (AD), and aesthetics in adolescent patients. The project used a modified Delphi process comprising face-to-face discussions followed up online. The systematic literature search results informed the 14 draft statements. During an expert panel meeting, the draft statements underwent the panel's evaluation at a workshop, followed by a plenary discussion adopting five statements using evidence from the literature coupled with the panel's opinions and experiences. Results: Studies reported an association between poor sleep, social impairment, and mental health disorders, including body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) with acne or AD in adolescents with acne or AD. Education for patients and parents may improve self-management skills and self-responsibility, promoting better outcomes for acne and AD. The use of certain types of social media can contribute to unrealistic expectations regarding the outcomes of cosmetic procedures. Social media use may also be associated with, and potentially contribute to unrealistic appearance expectations and certain mental health conditions. However, social media use may have benefits, such as connection, diversity, social support, increased self-esteem, safe identity experimentation, and an increased opportunity for self-disclosure. Conclusions: The association with negative life events, BDD, suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety are thought to be high for adolescent patients with acne or AD. Using social media for information has both positive and negative aspects. Awareness of the risks and benefits of receiving health information about dermatological disease among adolescents needs to be improved through the education of patients and clinicians. Action-oriented items need to be developed to help dermatologists address these issues in clinical practice.Rieder EA, Andriessen A, Cutler V, et al. Dermatology in contemporary times: building awareness of social media's association with adolescent skin disease and mental health. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(8):817-825. doi:10.36849/JDD.7596.

Performance Evaluation of PV Panel Powered Dual Thermoelectric Air Conditioning System

Thermoelectric air condition system (TEACs) powered by solar photovoltaics is useful for thermal comfort applications, especially when there is a direct energy source like sunlight. This paper presents experimental investigations of solar-powered thermoelectric air conditioning for both cooling and heating modes. The experiments were carried out in a test room whose volume is 1 m3 under the climatic conditions of the city of Baghdad. In the summer, the thermoelectric device functions as a Peltier cooler. The cold side absorbs the heat from the inside to lower the room's temperature. As for winter, the heat is released from the thermoelectric Peltier module by reversing the current applied to the thermoelectric Peltier to raise the room's temperature. In this work, the thermoelectric air condition system was supplied with different electrical power supply values with time intervals between the ON/OFF operations. The results showed that the system could heat and cool the air well in different operation conditions. The lowest temperature (22°C) is achieved in the cooling mode, with a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 0.64 and an exergy efficiency of 0.47. In contrast, in the heating mode, the highest temperature is (31°C) with a COP of 0.87 and exergy efficiency of 0.75. This simple and eco-friendly method can minimize the cooling and heating load in the room.

Finite Element Simulation Analysis of Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Plate Penetration of Aircraft Under High-Speed Bird Impact

In the process of flight, the penetration caused by bird strikes will cause a significant decrease in the bearing capacity of the material, or even complete loss, which will lead to the accident of the aircraft. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanical properties of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels at different angles of high-speed bird impact. In this paper, finite element software is used to numerically analyze the penetration process. In this paper, the impact test of the aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel was carried out at 90°, 75°, 60° and 45° at the speed of 170m/s by using 1.8kg birdshot. Through finite element simulation analysis of the damage process, contact force and energy absorption rate of the aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel, it is found that when the bird projectile penetrates the aluminum honeycomb sandwich plate, the aluminum honeycomb sandwich in the impact center will be seriously deformed, torn and penetrated and failed. The angle of bird impact has a great influence on the peak contact force and the decay rate of contact force, the energy absorption effect increases exponentially with the decrease of the angle.

Superellipse model: An accurate and easy-to-fit empirical model for photovoltaic panels

The accurate representation of the photovoltaic (PV) characteristic curves especially at maximum power point (MPP) are essential for the real-time performance evaluation of PV panels. Over the years, equivalent circuit models which are based on the conversion behavior of PV panels have been the only approach employed in its modeling, simulation, and analysis. However, since the resulting I–V characteristic equation is inherently nonlinear and implicit, the full range enumeration of the PV characteristic curves is usually obtained in a complicated way. Thus, this paper proposes a novel empirical model for modeling and analysis of PV panels. Due to the unique similarities between the geometric shapes of a superellipse and the graphical characteristics of the I–V curve, an explicit mathematical correlation describing the behavior of PV panels can be established. By outlining a step-by-step procedure, the parameter extraction procedures are illustrated. As a result, the straightforward description of the full-range parameter fitting extraction of the I–V curve is greatly simplified. To validate the superiority of the proposed model over the conventional single-diode model, the model accuracy is evaluated according to the IEC EN 50530 standard. The simulation results revealed that irrespective of PV panel specification, cell material, and ambient conditions, the proposed empirical model maintains a low absolute current and power errors within the vicinity of MPP.

Characterization of odor-active compounds of various pea preparations by GC-MS, GC-O, and their correlation with sensory attributes

Pea preparations (flours, concentrates, and isolates) are increasingly used in plant-based products, but their characteristic odor is often causing problems. Advanced knowledge of the aroma profile of pea preparations could improve understanding of how pea-based ingredients affect sensory properties of foods.This study investigated the aroma profiles of different pea preparations using solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), and descriptive sensory analysis. The GC-MS analysis included MRM detection of methoxypyrazines, which significantly contribute to the flavor of pea preparations.More than 100 volatile compounds were identified in pea preparation samples by GC-MS, aldehydes being the main molecules, and 39 aroma-active compounds were registered by GC-O assessors. Sensory attributes of pea protein preparations were compared with analytical data to find the characteristic aroma-active compounds. Sensory panel evaluation showed noticeable differences between the pea preparations. Unsaturated aldehydes, which impart green odor, and methoxypyrazines, with pea-like and beany notes, enhance the sensory perception of green and pea-like characteristics in pea preparations. Methanethiol increased sulfur-like odor in pea protein isolate A. β-Damascenone had high modified frequency in pea protein isolate C, enhancing honey-like attributes. Methanethiol and β-damascenone were not reported previously as odor-active compounds in pea protein preparations.