Panel Meetings Research Articles

STIMULATE-ICP-Delphi (Symptoms, Trajectory, Inequalities and Management: Understanding Long-COVID to Address and Transform Existing Integrated Care Pathways Delphi): Study protocol.

As mortality rates from COVID-19 disease fall, the high prevalence of long-term sequelae (Long COVID) is becoming increasingly widespread, challenging healthcare systems globally. Traditional pathways of care for Long Term Conditions (LTCs) have tended to be managed by disease-specific specialties, an approach that has been ineffective in delivering care for patients with multi-morbidity. The multi-system nature of Long COVID and its impact on physical and psychological health demands a more effective model of holistic, integrated care. The evolution of integrated care systems (ICSs) in the UK presents an important opportunity to explore areas of mutual benefit to LTC, multi-morbidity and Long COVID care. There may be benefits in comparing and contrasting ICPs for Long COVID with ICPs for other LTCs. This study aims to evaluate health services requirements for ICPs for Long COVID and their applicability to other LTCs including multi-morbidity and the overlap with medically not yet explained symptoms (MNYES). The study will follow a Delphi design and involve an expert panel of stakeholders including people with lived experience, as well as clinicians with expertise in Long COVID and other LTCs. Study processes will include expert panel and moderator panel meetings, surveys, and interviews. The Delphi process is part of the overall STIMULATE-ICP programme, aimed at improving integrated care for people with Long COVID. Ethical approval for this Delphi study has been obtained (Research Governance Board of the University of York) as have approvals for the other STIMULATE-ICP studies. Study outcomes are likely to inform policy for ICPs across LTCs. Results will be disseminated through scientific publication, conference presentation and communications with patients and stakeholders involved in care of other LTCs and Long COVID. Researchregistry: https://www.researchregistry.com/browse-the-registry#home/registrationdetails/6246bfeeeaaed6001f08dadc/.

Supporting collaboration and knowledge sharing in building SLEs for ageing well: Using cognitive mapping in KMS design

ABSTRACT This article seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge management systems (KMS) literature by using cognitive mapping and demonstrating its usefulness in terms of context analysis for identifying the knowledge needs of multiple stakeholders and the appropriate characteristics of a KMS technology solution. Empirical data were collected through two case studies conducted in Finland and Estonia that used knowledge panel meetings to bring together knowledgeable experts who represented quadruple helix (QH) regional innovation actors involved in building smart living environments for ageing well (SLEaws). Adopting a multi-criteria approach in both case studies, cognitive mapping as an important instrument of the strategic options development and analysis (SODA) methodology was used during the panel meetings of both cases to facilitate the decision making of the experts in developing an integrated framework or tool that can support KMS design.

Psychometric properties of public trust in Covid-19 control and prevention policies questionnaire

BackgroundPublic trust is a crucial concept in the COVID-19 pandemic, which determines public adherence with preventive rules as a success factor for disease management. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to measure public trust in COVID-19 control and prevention policies (COV-Trust tool).MethodsThis is a psychometric study that was conducted in 2020 (March-August). A primary tool was developed through literature review, in-depth interviews with experts and expert panel meetings. Content and construct validity was evaluated using content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) indexes and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Cronbach α coefficient was calculated to determine the internal consistency.ResultsA 28-item questionnaire with seven factors was developed. Factors included macro policy-making and management of pandemic, pandemic control policies implementing at all levels and their effectiveness, providing protective equipment and medicine for hospitals and public, prevention of negative socio-economic consequences of the pandemic, public participation, informing and public education and public behavior. The questionnaire reliability was calculated to be α = 0.959. Based on the experts’ opinion, tool content validity was estimated to be CVR = 0.73, CVI = 0.89. RMSEA = 0.07 revealed a good model fit as the confirmatory factor analysis results for the tool.ConclusionCOV-Trust tool is a well-fit tool to be used during this pandemic for improving policies effectiveness and could be used in similar situations as it determines the success of public health interventions.

Laughing alone and laughing together in panel meetings: laughter as an interactional accomplishment during negotiation talks

Abstract This paper is about the interactional organization of shared laughter in a multi-party institutional setting. It explored how laughter was produced and shared in a series of panel meetings in a medical school. The audio data were taken from Competency Project, a NIHM-funded (National Institute of Mental Health) research designed to investigate how the judgments of professional competence in medical schools were constructed. In the panel meetings, a group of three panelists (physician-instructors) gathered together and came to an agreement for the medical students’ performances with the standard patients. While they negotiated their individual ratings, the panelists repeatedly laughed. Finding its interest in these repeated laughs, this study first displayed how laughter was produced and shared in a formal institutional setting. The second section in the paper gave a detailed account of the three cases where at least a panelist in the meetings did not join in the shared laughter sequences. The closer look at these cases suggested that when at least a panelist did not participate in the shared laughter, (1) the non-laughing panelists were mitigating the tension rooted in the disagreement on the negotiated rating, or (2) they were postponing their laugh to create a follow-up laughable, or (3) due to the conflict on the individual ratings, they were teased by the other panelists.

Identifying industry 5.0 contributions to sustainable development: A strategy roadmap for delivering sustainability values

Scholars believe that the newly introduced Industry 5.0 has the potential to move beyond the profit-centered productivity of Industry 4.0 and to promote sustainable development goals such as human-centricity, socio-environmental sustainability, and resilience. However, little has been done to understand how this ill-defined phenomenon may deliver its indented sustainability values despite these speculative promises. To address this knowledge gap, the present study developed a strategy roadmap that explains the mechanism by which Industry 5.0 delivers its intended sustainable development functions. The study first developed and introduced the Industry 5.0 reference model that describes the technical and functional properties of this phenomenon. The study further conducted a content-centric synthesis of the literature and identified the sustainable development functions of Industry 5.0. Next, the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique was employed to identify the sequential relationships among the functions and construct the Industry 5.0-enabled model of sustainable development. The ISM involved collecting the opinions of 11 Industry 5.0 experts through expert panel meetings. Results revealed that Industry 5.0 delivers sustainable development values through 16 functions. Circular intelligent products, employee technical assistance, intelligent automation, open sustainable innovation, renewable integration, and supply chain adaptability are examples of the functions identified. These functions are highly interrelated and should be developed in a specific order so that the synergies and complementarities among them would maximize the sustainable development value gains. The roadmap to Industry 5.0-driven sustainability developed in this study is expected to provide a better understanding of ways Industry 5.0 can contribute to sustainable development, explaining how the development of its functions should be managed to maximize their synergies and contribution to the intended sustainability values. The study also highlights important avenues for future research, emphasizing the potential enablers of Industry 5.0 development, such as Government 5.0 or Corporate Governance 5.0.

Public involvement in big data projects: an ethnographically-informed study.

ObjectivesPublic involvement and engagement (PIE) is playing an increasingly important role in big data initiatives and projects. It is therefore important to gain a deeper understanding of the different approaches used. ApproachThis study explores PIE using ethnographically-informed qualitative case studies. The case studies include: three citizen juries, each one carried out over eight days and that asked jurors to consider different real-world health data initiatives; and a public panel set up by a regional databank that carries out data linking. Data collection is ongoing and I will be continuing to carry out close observations of activities, and conducting semi-structured 1:1 interviews with those that organise and have taken part in the activities. ResultsData collection so far comprises completed observations at the citizen juries (~96 hours), ongoing observations of the public panel meetings (~15 hours), and thirty semi-structured 1:1 interviews with public contributors and other stakeholders about their experiences of the activities they were involved in. Early data analysis indicates key themes of: jurors feeling heard, but unsure whether anybody was listening; stakeholders being impressed by informed jurors, but raising concerns over contributors becoming too ‘expert’; how who is at the table and what information is presented impacts what is discussed; differences between online and in-person participation; and public involvement not being a substitute for informing the public about how their data is used. Conclusion‘Who’ is involved, and ‘how’ PPIE activities are designed and run can facilitate or constrain discussion, enhancing or limiting public contributions. If public involvement is to achieve its aims, including increasing trustworthiness, deeper consideration of these factors by those who seek the public’s views in their data projects is recommended.

A BWM approach to determinants of sustainable entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized enterprises

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) constitute an extremely large percentage of most nations’ businesses. These companies are also expressing growing concerns about sustainability and its strategic integration into operations. However, SMEs have been prevented from making investments in sustainability by the absence of a holistic view of this topic, an overemphasis on an economic perspective, and the consequent devaluation of environmental and social perspectives. In this context, greater importance needs to be given to investigating SME sustainability and building a transparent, holistic, and realistic business model. The present study combines cognitive mapping and the best worst method (BWM) to identify determinants of sustainable entrepreneurship in SMEs. These techniques were applied in two meetings with a panel of specialists with knowledge about and experience in this subject matter. The insights obtained during the two panel meetings allowed the proposed process-oriented approach to assist decision-makers in analyzing a sample of SMEs and selecting the ones that best match the following clusters of decision criteria: (1) entrepreneur profile; (2) firm internal characteristics; (3) economic factors; (4) other external factors; and (5) market. The results were validated by four representatives of the Portuguese Institute for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Innovation (Instituto de Apoio às Pequenas e Médias Empresas e à Inovação (IAPMEI) in Portuguese). The study’s contributions and limitations are also discussed.

PSY3-5 The future of “Onco-OO”

The mechanisms of carcinogenesis and growth of cancer cells are common in different cancers, and there are many examples of the same anti-cancer drug being used to treat different cancers. Anti-cancer drug therapy in Japan has historically been conducted in an organ-specific manner, which has generated ‘cancer refugees'. To overcome this limitation, Japan has implemented a cross-specialty system for cancer drug therapy, medical oncology. In using cancer genomic screening panels, it is essential that the clinical implications of each molecular alteration are discussed at expert panel meetings, which should be conducted in cross-specialty manner.

PCR46 A Mixed-Methods Study Using Cognitive Debriefing to Assess the Content Validity of a New Health and Functioning Measure for Tobacco and/or Nicotine Product Users

To inform tobacco harm reduction strategies, a new consumer reported outcome measure (CROM) was developed to assess perceived Health and Functioning (H&F) among users of tobacco and/or nicotine products (TNP). This study assessed the face, content validity, and early measurement properties of the draft H&F CROM. Cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted in two waves in the UK and US with adult users of: cigarettes (n=20), e-cigarettes (n=20), heated tobacco products (IQOSTM) (n=20), smokeless tobacco products (n=10), and nicotine replacement therapy products (n=10). Participants completed the draft measure (195 items) electronically through a “think-aloud” process. Different response options were tested. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using Atlas.ti. Exploratory psychometric analysis was conducted by Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) analysis. Expert panel meetings were held to inform result interpretation and updating the CROM after each wave. The participants generally endorsed the content of the CROM, while the interim analysis allowed for some early item and scale refinements. The RMT analysis largely supported the scales’ reliability, sample-to-scale targeting, and discrimination potential across the TNP user groups. Conceptual overlap between some items was identified through both qualitative and quantitative evidence. Mixed-methods evidence was used to guide the selection of response scale, e.g., severity difficulty or frequency that could better match the underlying concept of each scale, while the 7-day recall period was found to have less of a ceiling effect. This study provides early supporting evidence of the new H&F CROM’s content relevance, clarity, and ease of completion. It comprises ten scales (146 items) covering different health concepts (including oral, lung, and general health and breathing difficulty), appearance, bother with TNP smell, as well as different functioning concepts (including work, social, and well-being). A psychometric validation study is being conducted to inform the item content, scoring structure, and measurement properties of the CROM.

MSR10 An Adaptation of the RAND/UCLA Modified Delphi Panel Method in the Time of COVID-19

MSR10 An Adaptation of the RAND/UCLA Modified Delphi Panel Method in the Time of COVID-19

Voting behavior during FDA Medical Device Advisory Committee panel meetings.

ObjectivesDuring premarket review, the US Food and Drug Administration may ask its Medical Device Advisory Committee (MDAC) Panels to assess the safety and effectiveness of medical devices being considered for approval. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship, if any, between individual votes and Panel recommendations and: (1) the composition of Panels, specifically the expertise and demographic features of individual members; or (2) Panel members’ propensity to speak during Panel deliberations.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of routinely collected data from voting members of MDAC panels convened between January 2011 to June 2016 to consider premarket approval. Data sources were verbatim transcripts available publicly from the FDA. Number of words spoken, directionality of votes on device approval, profession, and demographics were collected.Results658,954 words spoken by 536 members during 49 meetings of 11 Panels were analyzed. Based on multivariate analysis, biostatisticians spoke more (+373 words; P = 0.0002), and women (-187 words; P = 0.0184) and other non-physician voting members less (-213 words; P = 0.0306), than physicians. Speaking more was associated with abstaining (P = 0.0179), and with voting against the majority (P = 0.0153). Non-physician, non-biostatistician members (P = 0.0109), and those having attended more meetings as a voting member (P = 0.0249) were more likely to vote against approval. In bivariable analysis, unanimous Panels had a greater proportion of biostatisticians (mean 0.1580; 95% CI 0.1237–0.1923) than non-unanimous Panels (0.1107; 95% CI 0.0912–0.1301; p = 0.0201).ConclusionsPanelists likely to vote against the majority include non-physician, non-biostatisticians; experienced Panelists; and more talkative members. The increased presence of biostatisticians on Panels leads to greater voting consensus. Having a diversity of opinions on Panels, including in sufficient numbers those members likely to dissent from majority views, may help ensure that a diversity of opinions are aired before decision-making.

Strengthening Communication and Collaboration in the Fragmented German Healthcare System: A Mixed-Method Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary Network for Parkinson’s Disease

To improve Parkinson's disease (PD) care, interdisciplinary and patient-centered treatment is mandatory. A key problem in many healthcare systems is the limited and unspecific communication among different healthcare professionals. Optimal collaboration between various professionals involved is indispensable. Parkinson's Network Münsterland + (PNM +) is an interdisciplinary network of medical and non-medical experts involved in the treatment of PD patients in Germany. The aim of this evaluation was to analyze the network structures of PNM+ as well as communication and collaboration between PNM + partners. A mixed methods approach was applied consisting of a social network analysis, a validated questionnaire on team effectiveness and semi-structured interviews focusing on perceived barriers and supportive aspects of PNM + . Quantitative and qualitative data suggested increased collaboration between professionals within PNM + . The reciprocity of connections was 0.522 in the network of professional contacts. Regular exchanges in terms of interdisciplinary panel meetings and working groups stimulated knowledge transfer, leading to greater specialization of general neurologists and therapists in PD. The progressive density of the network from 0.136 to 0.279 illustrates the growing cooperation of PNM + partners. Interviewed partners requested more patient-specific collaboration but expected this to happen as the network evolved. Overall, PNM + has already improved both diagnosis and therapy thanks to knowledge transfer. Structured treatment recommendations helped to improve communication between healthcare professionals. PNM+ stimulated exchange between different healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of PD patients. This overcomes specific barriers within Germany's highly fragmented healthcare system, such as the lack of communication between these disciplines.

Developing a toolkit to improve resident and family engagement in the safety of assisted living: Engage-A stakeholder-engaged research protocol.

Assisted living (AL) communities are experiencing rising levels of resident acuity, challenging efforts to balance person-centered care-which prioritizes personhood, autonomy, and relationship-based care practices-with efforts to keep residents safe. Safety is a broad-scale problem in AL that encompasses care concerns (e.g., abuse/neglect, medication errors, inadequate staffing, and infection management) as well as resident issues (e.g., falls, elopement, and medical emergencies). Person and family engagement (PFE) is one approach to achieving a balance between person-centered care and safety. In other settings, PFE interventions have improved patient care processes, outcomes, and experiences. In this paper, we describe the protocol for a multiple methods AHRQ-funded study (Engage) to develop a toolkit for increasing resident and family engagement in AL safety. The study aims are to engage AL residents and family caregivers, AL staff, and other AL stakeholders to (1) identify common AL safety problems; (2) prioritize safety problems and identify and evaluate existing PFE interventions with the potential to address safety problems in the AL setting; and (3) develop a testable toolkit to improve PFE in AL safety. We discuss our methods, including qualitative interviews, a scoping review of existing PFE interventions, and stakeholder panel meetings that involved a Delphi priority-setting exercise. In addition to describing the protocol, we detail how we modified the protocol to address the unique challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study findings will result in a toolkit to improve resident and family engagement in the safety of AL that will be tested in future research.

Doing the right thing? value conflicts and community policing

ABSTRACT Research on police legitimacy and public confidence underlines the importance of the police demonstrating moral alignment with the communities they serve. However, less attention is given to conflict between values, either within communities or between communities and the police. This study explores value conflicts in community or neighbourhood policing from a perspective of political realism, which suggests that such conflicts are inevitable and can only be resolved in temporary and contingent ways. It does so through a case study of neighbourhood policing, seen through local ward panel meetings, in one London borough. In total, 33 semi-structured interviews with 43 participants were undertaken, and seven hours of observations. This paper identifies four value-based conflicts that emerged through the meetings, and shows how neighbourhood police officers were able to provisionally resolve them, thus supporting confidence and legitimacy. However, it also shows how austerity has put this capacity at risk, both operationally, and through a receding of confidence as an organisational priority, with potential long-term consequences for public confidence in the police. With global protests such as Black Lives Matters, and anti-lockdown demonstrations, underlining the importance of public confidence and legitimacy to police organisations across the world, this paper adds to the evidence on the capacity of community policing to support this, offers a new perspective to understand the role of values in policing, and discusses the policy implications.

Development of the Manchester framework for the evaluation of emergency department pharmacy services

BackgroundMany countries, including the United Kingdom, have established Emergency Department (ED) pharmacy services where some ED pharmacists now work as practitioners. They provide both traditional pharmaceutical care and novel practitioner care i.e. clinical examination, yet their impact on quality of care is unknown.AimTo develop a framework of structures, processes and potential outcome indicators to support evaluation of the quality of ED pharmacy services in future studies.MethodFramework components (structures, processes and potential outcome indicators) were identified in three ways: from a narrative review of relevant international literature, and separate panel meetings with ED pharmacists and then other ED healthcare professionals. Structures and processes were collated into categories developed iteratively throughout data collection, with outcome indicators collated into six domains of quality as proposed by the Institute of Medicine. These raw data were then processed e.g. outcome indicators screened for clarity i.e. those which explicitly stated what would be measured were included in the framework.ResultsA total of 190 structures, 533 processes, and 503 outcome indicators were identified. Through data processing a total of 153 outcome indicators were included in the final framework divided into the domains safe (32), effective (50), patient centred (18), timely (24), efficient (20) and equitable (9).ConclusionThe first framework specific to the quality evaluation ED pharmacy services, service evaluators should validate potential outcome indicators prior to their use. The minimum expected of a high-quality service should also be defined to enable interpretation of relevant measurements.

The Assessment and Treatment of Inpatient Cancer-Related Pain with Acupuncture: Development of a Manual.

Background and Objective: Pain is a highly prevalent and distressing experience of hospitalized patients with cancer, and undertreatment is a challenging issue. Adding nonpharmacologic treatments such as acupuncture to conventional pain management may help address a patient's total pain experience. A dearth of acupuncture treatment guidelines exists, leaving individual practitioners to develop treatments themselves. The aim of the work described in this report was to develop a standardized clinical reference manual for East Asian Medicine (EAM) assessment, diagnosis, and acupuncture treatment of cancer-related pain in hospitalized patients with cancer. Design: The acupuncture manual was developed based on: (1) a narrative review of existing literature on acupuncture and cancer pain; (2) a review of acupuncture charting notes of more than 200 treatments provided in an inpatient setting; and (3) meetings of an expert panel of senior acupuncturists to reach consensus on a manual protocol. Results: The resulting manual described diagnosis of patients based on EAM constitution, symptoms and signs, and channel location of the cancer-related pain symptoms. The resulting point selections for acupuncture treatment enables adaptability, reproducibility, and individualized acupuncture treatment of cancer-related pain in hospitalized patients with cancer. Conclusions: The manual fills a vital gap in the current literature, and supports community- and hospital-based acupuncturists as a standardized clinical reference. The manual provides guidance for cancer-related pain management, using EAM acupuncture in hospitalized patients.

The Effect of Social Norms on Physicians' Intentions to Use Liver Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Extended Theory of Planned Behavior.

BackgroundLiver cancer is a globally acknowledged threat to public health, and there is a critical and urgent need to determine factors associated with the use of liver cancer screening and to further promote its use.PurposeTo examine whether the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) incorporating social norms predicts physicians’ intentions to use liver cancer screening and to identify the associated factors quantitatively, using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as an example.MethodsA research framework was established by adding social norms to the TPB, based on which the questionnaire for this study was developed. Through multistage random sampling, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 292 physicians in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. Due to the multicollinearity problem of the data, ridge regression was applied to determine the influencing factors of physicians’ intentions to use CEUS.ResultsMost participants (87.30%) reported that they were willing to use liver cancer screening in their clinical practice. The scores of TPB variables were generally higher than those of social norms variables. Ridge regression results indicated that the proposed model was explanatory, which has accounted for 73.5% of the total variance in physicians’ intentions. Analyses also illustrated the significant role of TPB variables (attitude and perceived behavioral control) and social norms variables (personal norms, organizational norms, and industrial norms) on physicians’ intentions to use CEUS.ConclusionThe study extended the TPB by including the concepts of social norms, which is not only conducive to expanding the knowledge of factors associated with physicians’ intentions to use liver cancer screening, but also provides implications for developing strategies to promote the use of certain health services or products, such as playing the role of core members, holding panel meetings, and establishing information push systems.

The critical role of funders in shrinking the carbon footprint of research

The critical role of funders in shrinking the carbon footprint of research

Development and validation of a novel patient-reported outcome measure in people with episodic migraine and chronic migraine: The Activity Impairment in Migraine Diary.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the content validity and psychometric properties of the Activity Impairment in Migraine Diary (AIM‐D).BackgroundMeasuring treatment effects on migraine impairment requires a psychometrically sound patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measure developed consistent with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance.MethodsThe AIM‐D was created from concepts that emerged during qualitative interviews with five clinicians experienced in treating migraine and concept elicitation (CE) interviews with 40 adults with episodic migraine (EM) or chronic migraine (CM). The initial version was refined based on three waves of cognitive interviews with 38 adults with EM or CM and input from a panel of clinical and measurement experts. The AIM‐D was psychometrically evaluated using data from 316 adults with EM or CM who participated in a 13‐week prospective observational study. Study participants completed PRO assessments including the AIM‐D and a daily headache diary. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the factor structure. The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the AIM‐D were assessed. Additional PRO measures including the Patient Global Impression – Severity (PGI‐S), Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, Version 2.1 Role Function‐Restrictive domain, and Headache Impact Test were used for psychometric evaluation of the AIM‐D.ResultsBased on CE interviews with adults with migraine and input from an expert panel, activity impairment was identified as the target in the preliminary conceptual framework, which had two domains: performance of daily activities (PDAs) and physical impairment (PI). Revision of the draft AIM‐D through multiple rounds of cognitive interviews and expert panel meetings resulted in a content valid 11‐item version. Exploratory factor analysis supported both one‐ and two‐domain structures for the AIM‐D, which were further supported by confirmatory factor analysis (factor loadings all >0.90). The AIM‐D domains (PDA and PI) and total score showed high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.95–0.97), acceptable test–retest reliability for weekly average scores (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.60 for participants with no change in PGI‐S between baseline and week 2), and good convergent and known‐groups validity. There was evidence of responsiveness based on changes in PGI‐S score and monthly migraine days.ConclusionThe AIM‐D is a content valid and psychometrically sound measure designed to evaluate activity impairment and is suitable for use in clinical trials of preventive treatments for EM or CM.

Nursing ethics for prevention and control of major infectious disease outbreaks: Chinese expert consensus

BackgroundMajor infectious disease has become a serious threat to people’s health worldwide. As the world’s largest healthcare workforce and the core forces fighting against the epidemic, nurses are on the frontline of this battle. A number of ethical issues have given rise to numerous concerns that have largely affected nurses in different ways as they respond to the epidemic. In addition, excessive expectations from people can exert undue pressure, which can easily lead to burnout in nurses. MethodsIn this consensus, the expert panel method was used to develop and reach a consensus. The members involved in the formation of the consensus included an expert discussion panel and a consensus writing expert group, a methodologist, and four secretaries. After 16 rounds of online expert consultation and two rounds of expert panel meetings, the writing team analyzed and reviewed the 78 amendments suggested by the experts to develop a consensus on nursing ethics for prevention and control of major infectious disease outbreaks based on the ethical vision of life care. ResultsThis expert consensus focuses on five essential domains: the responsibilities and rights of nurses, the nurse-patient relationship, the doctor-nurse relationship, and the relationship between society and nurses throughout the epidemic. ConclusionsWe hope this consensus can help nurses better understand and respond to the ethical issues and challenges in public health emergencies, and raise reasonable public expectations of the roles and responsibilities of nurses in these situations.