Pandemic Condition Research Articles

Ship detection using Google Earth Pro and SAR Sentinel-1 Satellite in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

Karimunjawa is one of the tourist icon due to the beauty of its coral reefs. Many tourists visit for snorkeling and diving in Karimunjawa which requires ships for transportation. This study aims to determine the distribution of ships in Karimunjawa before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Google Earth Pro satellite and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1. There were 6 islands selected to represent the anchorage level based on the number of tourist arrivals. The results of this study indicate that the Sentinel-1 SAR has high capability in detecting ships by using the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm method, which was detected with a total of 83 ships on 31st March 2021 in six island representatives. This funding is supported by SAR images that have a high spatial resolution of 5m, moreover, ships are typically constructed from large flat metal sheets and hence are usually radar bright and detectable in SAR imagery. Even though Google Earth Pro has a higher resolution of 30 cm, the ship detection process is identified manually. This study showed the Covid-19 pandemic condition had a significant decreasing effect on the number of ships detected, there was a 41.6% decrease from 2019 to 2020 and a 41.95% decrease from 2020 to 2021 due to the temporary closure of Karimunjawa.

Innovation in online Evaluation for authentic assessment

Abstract—In the present pandemic condition, challenge as a teacher, is not only to learn new tools for online teaching but also conducting online assessment and to assure that the assessment curves are not flat but shall be a natural response which has bell shaped distribution. We all know the impact of flat evaluation is that the industry will lose trust on the quality of graduate and their knowledge based on marks/grades. This will put the quality of technical education under doubt when high scorers perform poorly in the recruitment process (including job interviews) where students are not even able to pass the basic aptitude clearance test. Online education may not lack the quality and integrity of faceto- face instruction, but it is easy to cheat in online assessment. So, there is a need to develop some innovative and best practices which will help the sincere students to have academic edge over the insincere students and the students' marks or grades shall be the replica of their intellectual ability. It will enable the deserving students to get their due credits and not bring all at the same level. Current problem of flat evaluation which has become more significant in the current pandemic can be overcome. This is mainly because of online examinations in the home environment. This paper suggests and tests some techniques to remove flatness in evaluation and make it more authentic such as, use of uniqueness and uncertainty in question paper and assessment, conducting multiple activities as part of evaluation, giving weightage to various activities as per the efforts, making assessment a multilevel activity etc. The results show the evaluation curves which were flat when no innovative assessment technique was used for assessment became bell shaped when innovative assessment technique was used. Moreover, it was found to be in alignment with testing based on classroom testing under a proctored environment. Keywords—Innovation, Evaluation, Assessment, Normal distribution

Implementation of an Industrial Automation Remote Lab (IARL) and validation using a deep learning approach during the COVID pandemic

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate a novel remote lab development for improving student psychomotor skills in the Industry 4.0 course. In this work, the vision and Internet of Things‐based lab setup for third‐year undergraduates is proposed as Industrial Automation Remote Lab (IARL). The major motivation of this novel approach is to replicate Industry 4.0 in the laboratory for learning purposes to undergraduate students during pandemic condition. In industries, it is essential to collect all the data from the machines to make optimal use of resources and increase the efficiency of the system. The stored data are interfaced through the user datagram protocol to control the speed of the hydraulic actuator. In the proposed experimental work, a vision sensor‐based anydesk remote control software technique is employed to conduct programmable logic circuit (PLC) experiments. To collect the various output image data sets, numerous PLC experiments were conducted. The collection of images is classified to investigate the student performance using deep learning algorithms like YOLOv4, VGG, and YOLOv5. Based on the simulation and validation results, the IARL‐based approach with YOLOv5 outperforms the other two algorithms with 98% accuracy. Additionally, the validated statistical internal and external results show that the remote laboratory Conceive, Design, Implement, and Operate (CDIO) batch performance is highly improved over virtual laboratory CDIO batch students.

The student's evaluation of the delivery of the theoretical courses due to warning mask and social distance during the pandemic condition

The pandemic condition changed the style of teaching and learning in the wide world. Particularly some measurements such as warning masks and social distance influenced the quality of the education in the higher education. A five-scale Likert questionnaire was designed to ask the architecture students to evaluate the quality of the delivery of the theoretical courses in the department. SPSS was applied to analyze data with quantitative methods. The results revealed that the students generally were satisfied with the quality of courses and the delivery methods. However, the Chi-square analysis demonstrated that just a few factors were associated with the quality of the delivery of the courses and other factors did not statistically associate with the evaluation of the students. In conclusion, the students evaluate the quality of the teaching in a holistic approach and apparently contextual factors influence the judgment of the students during the pandemic time of teaching and learning.

Status, Wellbeing, and Behavior at Work or in College

This paper investigates how consumers’ perceived motivations for corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence retail store re-visit intentions, and how consumers’ cultural beliefs influence consumers’ perception of CSR activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. Two studies were conducted, the first one was in 2021 when the pandemic was severe and the second was in early 2023 when the pandemic was less severe. Regression results suggest community-motivated (vs. firm-motivated) policy has a substantial positive impact on customers’ re-visit intentions. Moderated mediation models suggest perceived “fit” between CSR policy and Covid-19 mediates the impact of perceived motivation on re-visit intention. Further, results suggest that consumer collectivism and uncertainty avoidance negatively moderate the indirect effect of perceived motivation on customers’ re-visit intention when the pandemic was most severe (study 1). Moreover, the negative moderation effects on consumer revisit intention disappeared when the pandemic became less of a concern (study 2). Summarily, our results indicate consumers favored community-motivated (vs. firm-motivated) CSR policy, and as consumers’ collectivism and uncertainty avoidance increased, re-visit intention was negatively impacted, suggesting this consumer group favors social norms of reducing virus spread and avoiding potential risks by reducing store re-visits under the severe pandemic condition. Overall, the results suggest that regardless of the motivations for adopting CSR activities, managers should focus on improving the relevance and contribution of their CSR policies to help communities cope with a crisis. Other theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Differences between the Sensory and Behavioral Problems of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder before and after Pandemic Condition of Covid-19: Fathers’ Perspective

Autism is a severe disability, and it is one of the pervasive developmental disorders that have many mysterious signs, yet it remains the least understandable but has lifelong effects on the individual. The major objectives of the study were to know the occurrence of sensory and behavioral problems before and after COVID-19 perceived by fathers, 2) know the differences based on the locality of the respondents. The type of research was quantitative. 50 fathers residents of rural and urban areas were selected as a sample of the study by using purposive sampling technique from Lahore and Faisalabad. Researchers have developed a Likert-type questionnaire consisting of two domains, sensory and behavioral domains. Each domain consisted of 22 questions to elicit the responses from the sample. Researchers used the same instrument for knowing before and after covid-19 sensory and behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder, after the pandemic condition of covid-19. The collected data revealed that Sensory problems after COVID-19 ( x ¯ 92.060) are higher than the mean of Sensory problems before COVID-19( x ¯ 64.74). The behavior problems after COVID-19 (x ¯ 83.1800) is higher than the behavior problems before COVID-19( x ¯ 57.880). There is a rise in the severity of the problem after COVID-19.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Pulmonary Tuberculosis during Covid-19 Pandemic: Case Control Study

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health issue of paramount importance. Pakistan ranks 5th amongst the high burden TB countries globally with the prevalence, incidence and mortality per 100,000 population per year from TB being 348, 276 and 34 respectively. Socio-economic determinants like income, house, family size, ventilation, etc. play a vital role in the epidemiology of TB. Aim: To analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) during Covid-19 pandemic. Study Design: Case study Methodology: This case-control study was undertaken at Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 8 months. 50 cases of confirmed Pulmonary tuberculosis and 50 controls were interviewed using a questionnaire containing demographic variables like gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Results: The sociodemographic profile of our respondents showed that 62 (62%) were males, 55 (55%) belonged to rural areas and, 52(52%) were employed. The socioeconomic determinants which were significantly associated with PTB were gender, residence, occupation, number of family members, and history of smoking. Practical Implementation: Due to the emerging nature of the COVID-19 crisis, this study helped researchers investigate the role of socio-economical determinant of TB during Covid-19 pandemic infection. Conclusion: Gender, residence, occupation, number of family members, and history of smoking were significantly associated with PTB. However, ventilation, family history of TB, and previous history of PTB were not found to have a statistically significant association with PTB. Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Covid-19, Incidence, Pandemic Condition and Socioeconomic Determinants.

The Impact During of Pandemic COVID-19 on Property Sector Case Study: DKI Jakarta Province

Since the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, economic conditions have declined, especially in the property sector but if we look at the distribution value of the real estate sector in 2020 during the pandemic, its contribution has increased to 6.31% after falling by 5.94% in 2019. Another impact is that the Property Price Index growth value decreases over the years, but in a big city like DKI Jakarta, it does not affect the pandemic condition. Big Data has the potential to produce useful and useful statistics and assist in the collection of Official Statistics data. This study aims to see the condition of the number of advertisings on the property side and the selling price of houses and apartments that can be impacted by the pandemic COVID-19. Based on data from one property site in Indonesia, the condition of ad serving during the pandemic is very influential, with the highest serving during the Micro Indonesia large-scale social restrictions (PSBB).

Minangkabau Traditional Music Practice Learning Strategies; Student Competency Achievement In The Impact Of Pandemic

Education is one sector that plays an important role in building the nation and forming a complete human being. The impact of the pandemic condition makes the learning process at all levels of school to college feel very less enthusiastic. This is because the teaching and learning process which was initially carried out directly / face to face shifted to the learning and teaching process which was carried out through platforms that were integrated into internet-based networks (e-learning). The purpose of this study was to find and design a learning strategy for the Minangkabau Traditional Music Practice Course, FBS UNP Sendratasik Department. From the situation and conditions seen through the GAP analysis, several techniques/procedures must be passed so that the learning objectives can be achieved. The research method was carried out through several stages, including; 1) observation, 2) design of learning devices, 3) implementation of learning, and 4) tests, evaluations and revisions. This research is proven through stages; 1) learn the basic principles of the technology under study, 2) use the formulation of technology concepts; and 3) proof-of-concept of important functions and/or characteristics analytically and experimentally regarding learning strategies for Minangkabau Traditional Music Practice to achieve student competence.

Knowledge and Practice of Medical Technologists on COVID-19 Infection Prevention in Laboratory

Background: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory condition caused by a virus and it is declared at pandemic condition. Health sector faced challenged and medical technologists are direct contact of infected patients and sample. Objective: The study was to assess the knowledge and practice of medical technologists on COVID-19 infection prevention in laboratory in tertiary level hospital and institute Dhaka city. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among purposive selected 221 medical technologists working in six hospital and institute (public hospital & public institute) in Bangladesh. Data were collected by self-administrated structure questionnaire. Results: The study n-221 revealed that 100% respondents had knowledge about doing and doffing of PPE, 100% of the respondents had known that RT-PCR was confirm test for COVID-19 infection, 100% of the respondents had known about caused of COVID-19 by virus, 75.1% of the respondents were not getting training about COVID-19 sample packaging and 64.3% of the respondents were not getting training in laboratory safety against COVID-19 infection. Around 99.5% of respondents use color code bin for waste disposal, around 99.5% of the respondents were used respiratory safety cabinet and highest 96.8% of the respondents were used PPE during samples processing. Conclusion: Through periodic training and motivation, adequate supply of resources and infection prevention materials, quarantine facility for medical technologists should be available in hospital and institute that can improve overall knowledge and practice on COVID-19 infection prevention of medical technologists.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study is purposed to analyze the financial performance of public hospitals companies registered at the Indonesian Stock Exchange before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study shows the difference of financial performance and financial ratio's changes within hospital due to the Covid-19 condition. The method of this study is quantitative. The data used are secondary data from financial reports of hospital between the period of second quarter of 2019 until first quarter of 2021. Financial performance of hospital is measured from statistical calculation on Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Debt Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Inventory Turnover, Net Profit Margin, and Return on Equity before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Result of Normality Data Test by using Kolmogorov Smirnov shows that asymp sig is < 0.05, so H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected, thus not normally distributed. Continued with the Wilcoxon Test with average rank of not so much different. Also, Statistical Test shows that asymp sig for each financial ratio is > 0.05, so that the hypothesis is rejected and thus can be concluded that the financial performance of public hospitals companies registered at Indonesian Stock Exchange are not significantly different. The changes of financial ratios of public hospitals due to Covid-19 Pandemic condition are noticeable in the decreasing of profitability ratio. This shows that public hospitals are in the conditions of the Covid-19 Pandemic, although hospital capacity looks overloaded, in terms of profitability, it has decreased, this can be due to the increasing operational burden of hospitals with special policies during the pandemic. Meanwhile, in terms of other financial ratios, the condition of the Covid- 19 Pandemic did not make the hospital's financial performance better than before the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The Efforts to Maintain Dental Health During Covid-19 Pandemic by Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have special characteristics and problems, including oral health problems. The Covid19 pandemic condition requires adjustment in many ways. The information about the efforts of parents, especially mothers in maintaining the oral health of their ASD children isneeded so that assistance can be provided efficiently and effectively. Purpose: to determine the mother's efforts in maintaining the dental health of children with ASD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A questionnaire was given to 109 mothers who have ASD children from the Mutiara Hati Autism Foundation in Surabaya City and Mojokerto City, then the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: It was found that the majority of mothers did not bring their children to the dentist during pandemic, so the problem of dental caries had not been treated optimally. Mothers’ efforts in maintaining the dental health of their ASD children during the COVID-19 pandemic were; always accompanying the child to brush his teeth, and providing painkillers when the child has a toothache. The mothers did not know that there was an online dental consultation so they did not take advantage of it. Conclusion: The mother’s efforts in maintaining the dental health of ASD children during the COVID-19 pandemic more limited, due to lack of knowledge in the prevention/treatment of dental disease; and concerns about virus transmission during dental treatment; and the lack of socialization of the use of online media for consultation with dentists.

PEMANFAATAN BUKU ASIP DAN PANDUAN IBU HAMIL, NIFAS DAN MENYUSUI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PUSKESMAS DEPOK II

COVID-19 pandemic become a global issue which affected various aspects especially health sector. Every health facility in Indonesia is conducted to focus on the COVID-19 cases, in consequent, the non COVID-19 matter is being disregarded such as maternal problem.Puskesmas Depok II, kabupaten Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta is the objective of this society program due to Sleman has the highest number of cases among other district in D.I. Yogyakarta. This program collaborated with SEKOCI (Sekolah Komplementer Cinta Ibu) a group of mothers or future mothers in Puskesmas Depok II area.The program activity started by revising the Buku ASIP which written before by adding some information about health protocol for maternal in pandemic COVID-19. The new revision is collaborated with Puskesmas Depok II midwife. Dissemination by online and offline is done after the book is printed and ready to distribute to member of SEKOCI from Puskesmas Depok II and all over Indonesia. Moreover, an online survey is conducted to measure the book’s benefit.The survey result shows that Buku ASIP give enough information to the user especially in pandemic condition.

Drug Use Patterns during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study at Persahabatan General Hospital

The COVID-19 pandemic condition has encouraged healthcare practitioners to adapt and constantly work to meet the needs of those who require healthcare, including medication supply. This study aims to provide the drug use patterns prior to and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective descriptive study analyzed the drug use patterns of 10 fast-moving drugs obtained through purposive sampling, as well as all medications listed in COVID-19 guideline therapy at Persahabatan general hospital. The drug use data was derived from the quarterly data from 2019 through the second quarter of 2021. The result showed that there was an increase and variation in the sampled drug usage. The top-ranking classes that have shown an upward trend during the COVID-19 pandemic were Vitamin C 500 mg tablet, Vitamin C 200 mg injection, and Vitamin D3 5000 UI tablet. Meanwhile, non-COVID-19 medicines with reduced use include Cefotaxime 1 g, Cefixime 200 mg, and Docetaxel 20 mg. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the drug utilization continuously and as frequently as feasible throughout the pandemic and plan in stages. Forecasting demand for medicines is essential for an effective medicinessupply chain, in particular in a pandemic context to avoid shortages or overstock.

Analisis Pemahaman Peraturan Permainan Sepak Bola Melalui Video Test pada Wasit Askot PSSI Surakarta

The COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020 forced all PSSI calendar matches to be suspended until mid-2021. The referee will feel the same way, the lack of minutes in leading the match will greatly affect the feeling-touch in making decisions. This problem became a consideration for the research team to analyze the understanding of football regulation through a video test on the Surakarta City PSSI Askot referee. The use of the video test is intended to refresh the ability of the referees, especially the PSSI Surakarta City Askot referee in understanding the rules of the football game because it is still a pandemic condition and there are no official matches being held, so when the competition rolls the referees are ready to lead the match. This research is a quantitative descriptive study that aims to analyze the understanding of soccer game rules through a video test on the ASkot PSSI Surakarta referee. The population in this study is the ASkot PSSI referee in Surakarta. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling, that is, all referees at the PSSI Askot Surakarta City starting from licenses C3, C2, and C1 will be used as research samples. analysis technique that can be used is to use the frequency distribution technique. The results of the research for the referee's understanding of offside illustrate that 7 people are in the low category or 35%, 7 people are in the medium category, or 35%, and 6 people are in the high category, or 30%. The referee's understanding of handball is that 10 people are in the medium category or 50%, and 10 people are in the high category or 50%. The conclusion of this study is that the understanding of offside is still low, this is related to the feeling-touch that has not fully returned to its best performance. There needs to be practice and treatment to restore feeling-touch and make the right decisions.

Analysis of religious coping relationships with family resilience in utilizing socio-economic resources during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Religious coping has a very important role in overcoming difficult problems in the family. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between religious coping with family resilience in utilizing socioeconomic resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The research design used was analytical descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents in this study were 242 villagers in East Java Province. Data were collected by SWBS for religious coping and FRAS for family resilience. Data analysis used logistic regression. Results: Factors that influence family resilience in utilizing socioeconomic resources involve religious coping. Families that have adequate religious coping will have a greater opportunity to have resilience in communication and problem-solving compared to families with inadequate religious coping (OR: 1.081; 95% CI: 1.038 – 1.127). Conclusion: Family resilience in utilizing socioeconomic resources is strongly influenced by religious coping factors. Strengthening the community with a religious approach is needed to support the family's line of defense against this pandemic condition.

The potential of pomegranate peel (<em>Punica granatum</em>) in the treatment of obese and glucose-intolerant mice

Obesity is a pandemic condition, absolutely out of control. Food assistance is among the main proposals for the management of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous pomegranate extract in a model of obesity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet. The pomegranate extract was obtained from the association of green extraction techniques. Through the crude extract containing punicalagin and ellagic acid (main compounds), extracts with isolated fractions of these compounds were obtained. For the experimental study, Swiss mice were subjected to the obesity induction period for eight weeks. After, were treated for another 30 days with crude extract of 250 mg/kg (group HF+[1]EXT); punicalagin extract isolated 8.35 mg/kg (HF+Punica group); isolated extract of ellagic acid 0.208 mg/kg (group HF+EA), via gavage. Both the crude extract and its subfractions reduced the body weight gain for the HF+Punica group (1.1 g); HF+EA (0.92 g) compared to HF, while the HF+EXT showed significant weight loss (P<0.001). In the glycemic parameters, all extracts were able to reduce blood glucose when compared to the group with HF. Histological data of liver tissue showed improvement in hepatic steatosis, mainly in the crude extract group. Therefore, it was possible to demonstrate that the aqueous extract of the pomegranate peel, obtained by innovative extraction techniques, can be a potential strategy for the treatment and control of obesity.
 
 [1] abbreviations:EXT – extract, EA- acid ellagic, PUNICA – punicalagin.

Analisis Perkkembangan Industri Manufaktur Indonesia

In Indonesia, the manufacturing industry sector is a sector that is experiencing very rapid development. The manufacturing industry sector is very important for a country's economic development because of its contribution to national economic development goals, especially in the formation of a large GDP and its ability to increase high added value. The research method in this article uses descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. This study was conducted by describing facts, situations or circumstances. The data collected is secondary data, obtained from literature, journals, newspapers, and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The results of this study are that the development of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia has increased continuously over the last 5 years. Even though all countries were hit by the Covid-19 pandemic, the government quickly adopted policies to continue to improve economic development in Indonesia. Even though it is experiencing a pandemic condition, Indonesia's economic condition is said to be quite good. This is evidenced that in November 2019 Indonesia was in third place in the G20. Then in 2020 BankWord predicts that Indonesia's economic development will still be at a contraction rate of -2.2% and the realization will reach 2.07%. In 2021 the World Bank predicts Indonesia's development in the economic sector will reach 4.4% higher than Japan, Thailand and America.
 Keywords: Industry, Manufacturing, Economy

Marketing Concepts of New Housing Projects in Surabaya during Pandemic based on Property Agent Perspective

The increasing demand and needs of consumers in property transactions makes the need for property agents even greater. In a pandemic condition that limits direct interaction, many housing developers have difficulty selling their housing products due to limited interaction with potential consumers and the lack of up-to-date information on housing products that consumers are interested in during this pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors and sequence of criteria that became the basis for selecting new housing during the pandemic based on the perspective of a property agent.This study uses qualitative and quantitative research using interview data and processed into numerical data using product, price, promotion, place, and person variables. The method used is the Delphi method, AHP and Content Analysis, with the Delphi method useful for determining criteria and indicators that are validated from experts and AHP functioning as a weight for the validated criteria. While Content Analysis is used to formulate concepts.The results of this study obtained a sequence of variables that affect Product, (2) Place, (3) Price, (4) Promotion, (5) People.

The potential of pomegranate peel (<em>Punica granatum</em>) in the treatment of obese and glucose-intolerant mice

Obesity is a pandemic condition, absolutely out of control. Food assistance is among the main proposals for the management of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous pomegranate extract in a model of obesity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet. The pomegranate extract was obtained from the association of green extraction techniques. Through the crude extract containing punicalagin and ellagic acid (main compounds), extracts with isolated fractions of these compounds were obtained. For the experimental study, Swiss mice were subjected to the obesity induction period for eight weeks. After, were treated for another 30 days with crude extract of 250 mg/kg (group HF+[1]EXT); punicalagin extract isolated 8.35 mg/kg (HF+Punica group); isolated extract of ellagic acid 0.208 mg/kg (group HF+EA), via gavage. Both the crude extract and its subfractions reduced the body weight gain for the HF+Punica group (1.1 g); HF+EA (0.92 g) compared to HF, while the HF+EXT showed significant weight loss (P<0.001). In the glycemic parameters, all extracts were able to reduce blood glucose when compared to the group with HF. Histological data of liver tissue showed improvement in hepatic steatosis, mainly in the crude extract group. Therefore, it was possible to demonstrate that the aqueous extract of the pomegranate peel, obtained by innovative extraction techniques, can be a potential strategy for the treatment and control of obesity.