Pandanus Amaryllifolius Research Articles

Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf extract increases insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of Pandanus amaryllifolius (P. amaryllifolius) leaf extract on the insulin resistance state in obese ICR mice. MethodsObesity was induced in mice fed with high-fat diet (45% fat) for 12 weeks. After the first six weeks on the diet, the obese mice were administered with the water extract of P. amaryllifolius leaf at 125 and 250 mg/kg/day, respectively for another six weeks. At the 5th week of treatment, oral glucose tolerance test was conducted. After six weeks of treatment, the levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles were determined. The liver, muscle and epididymal fat tissues were removed for measuring the biochemical parameters and protein expression, as well as histological examination. ResultsSix weeks of treatment with P. amaryllifolius led to a significant reduction in the blood glucose level as well as improvement in the insulin resistance. P. amaryllifolius also increased the liver glycogen storage and serum adiponectin and decreased the serum leptin levels. A reduction in the serum and hepatic triglyceride, and non-esterified fatty acid levels was also observed. The histological examination showed that the obese mice treated with P. amaryllifolius reduced the lipid droplet in liver tissue and adipocyte size in epididymal fat tissue. The treatment also increased the protein expression of glucose transporter 4 in the muscle and fat tissues. ConclusionsThe treatment with P. amaryllifolius could decrease several parameters of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the role of P. amaryllifolius leaf extract in alleviating the insulin dysfunction in obesity state.

DAYA TOLAK INFUSA DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) TERHADAP PELETAKAN TELUR NYAMUK Aedes spp

Aedes spp larval resistance against chemical insecticide has been reported in many country. The new methods that can be used to control the mosquito populations as a dengue fever vector and alternative compound which is safe for environtment and can’t cause the resistance need to be found. Pandan leaves have aromatic fragrant that can be expected as a oviposition deterrent effect against Aeses spp mosquito. To know oviposition deterrent effects and optimum consentration of pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) infusa against Aedes spp. This research was an experimental research using six groups of concentration. There was 0 mL/L (control), 3 mL/L, 3,5 mL/L, 4 mL/L, 4,5 mL/L and 5 mL/L. Every groups would be repeated by fourth. Ovitraps with different concentration of pandan leaves infusa placed at research location. The mosquito eggs that caught at the ovitrap would be counting and identifying in the laboratorium. Data was analyzed using One Way Anova test via computer program SPSS 19.0 and then continued by LSD test with 95% confidence level. The repellency percentage at 3 mL/L concentration is 30.35%; 3,5 mL/L is 55.35%; 4 mL/L is 65.17%; 4,5 mL/L is 82.14% and 5 mL/L is 100% with significancy value is 0,000 (p<0,05).

Dye sensitized solar cell based on TiO2 nanoparticles and chlorophyll from Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a low-cost photo electrochemical solar cell, that belongs to third generation solar cells and known for its easy fabrication procedures. Its working is based on the interfacial kinetics between a photo-sensitized nanocryastalline anode and an electrolyte, with a counter electrode to complete the cell configuration. A lot of research has been conducted due to their interesting potential for low-cost, lightweight, with reasonably good photovoltaic efficiency. Present work reports the dye sensitized solar cells using TiO2 nanoparticles with Pandanus amaryllifolius chlorophyll as an absorber. P. amaryllifolius leaves are rich in chlorophyll and widely used as natural colorant to impart deep green colour to food products. Moreover, the leaves are rich in basmati aroma volatiles. In the present investigation, chlorophyll pigment was extracted from P. amaryllifolius leaves and nanocrystalline Titanium dioxide (TiO2) film was prepared by doctor blade method. The Titania films were immersed overnight in the chlorophyll extract for sensitization. An electrolyte solution consisting of Polyiodide was injected into the cell before sealing it. Pt coated FTO was used as counter electrode to assemble the cell configuration before it was characterized for its photovoltaic performance. The photoelectrochemical performance of the fabricated DSSC based on this dye showed 0.14 mA/cm2 short circuit current (JSC) and 0.125 V open circuit voltage (VOC).

Antioxidant Activity of &lt;i&gt;Pandanus amaryllifolius&lt;/i&gt; Leaf and Root Extract and its Application in Topical Emulsion

Purpose: To develop Thai pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) as an antioxidant ingredient for topical emulsion.Methods: Dried leaf and root of P. amaryllifolius (Pandanceae) were extracted separately by maceration with either ethanol or propylene glycol. Antioxidant capacity was investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picry hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and linoleic acid peroxidation method. The total phenoliccontent was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Oil-in-water topical emulsions containing the individual extracts were prepared and tested for stability.Results: Propylene glycol extract exhibited higher DPPH activity and total phenolic content than the ethanol extract while the DPPH activity of the leaf extract was higher than that of the root. The 50 % inhibition concentration (IC50) value of leaf and root extracts was 0.810 and 2.340 mg/ml, respectively. Although the antioxidant activity of the crude extracts was lower than that of standard vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the ethanol/propylene glycol solution extract (ethanol was reduced to50 % extract volume) showed higher inhibition (90.1 %) of linoleic acid peroxidation than 200 ppm of vitamin C (57.1 %) and BHT (71.1 %). An oil-in-water emulsion containing 3 % of the ethanol and propylene glycol extract showed creamy texture with medium viscosity and demonstrated good stability under accelerated aging test.Conclusion: The results indicate a potential for the development of P. amaryllifolius leaf extract as an antioxidant ingredient in topically applied formulations.Keywords: Pandanus amaryllifolius, Extraction, Antioxidant, Emulsion, Stability.

Fabrication and Characterization of Sansevieria trifasciata, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Cassia angustifolia as Photosensitizer for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) is one of the electric cells photochemical consisting of photoelectrode, dye, counter electrode, and electrolyte. The aims of the research to determine of the optical and electrical characteristic of the extract Sansevieria trifasciata, Pandanus amaryllifolius, and Cassia angustifolia. The study is also aimed to determine the effect of natural dyes extract to increase the efficiency of solar cells based DSSC. Sandwich structures formed in the sample consisted of working electrode pair Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and the counter electrode platinum (Pt). Dye extraction process is performed by stirring for 1 hour and then allowed to stand for 24 hours. Absorbance test is measure by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer Lambda 25, conductivity test by using a two-point probes Elkahfi 100, and characterization of current and voltage (I-V) by using a Keithley 2602A. The results showed that the greatest efficiency of 0.160% at Dye Pandanus amaryllifolius.

Dye-sensitized solar cells with sequentially deposited anthocyanin and chlorophyll dye as sensitizers

Anthocyanin (An) and chlorophyll (Chl) dyes have been extracted from black rice and fragrant screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius) leaves respectively using methanol as solvent. The anthocyanin and chlorophyll dyes were characterized using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. While the anthocyanin dye has a broader absorption peak at 541 nm, the chlorophyll dye has two prominent absorption peaks at 465 and 663 nm. The anthocyanin and chlorophyll dyes were deposited sequentially on the TiO2 electrode. The photoelectrode prepared by dipping in anthocyanin solution first and then in chlorophyll solution for the same duration showed the best efficiency of 0.81 % with J sc = 2.64 mA cm−2, V oc = 0.46 V and FF = 0.63 for DSSC.

Curvularin and Dehydrocurvularin as Phytotoxic Constituents from &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Curvularia intermedia&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Infecting &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Pandanus amaryllifolius&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Microbes are good sources of biologically active compounds that can be used as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. As part of our continuous efforts in search for biopesticides from natural sources, a fungus is isolated from leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius that shows severe necrosis. This fungus is cultured in potato dextrose agar and identified as Curvularia intermedia. The ethyl acetate extract of the liquid culture medium is phytotoxic. Identification and bioassay of αβ-dehydrocurvularin (1) and curvularin (2) from this fungus are described. Monoacetyldehydrocurvularin (3), and diacetyldehydrocurvularin (4) are synthesized from 1. Phytoxicity rankings in a variety of bioassays are 1 > 2 > 4 > 3.

Studies on the chemical constituent and bioactivities of Pandanus amaryllifolius

Studies on the chemical constituent and bioactivities of Pandanus amaryllifolius

Effect of Blender and Blending Time on Color and Aroma Characteristics of Juice and Its Freeze-Dried Powder of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. Leaves (Pandan)

Abstract The color and aroma properties of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves (pandan) were studied by mechanical extraction using normal and turbo blade blenders under different blending times (60–180 s). The extracted juice was freeze-dried into powders and its aroma components were measured in a solid-phase microextraction using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) analysis. The turbo blade blender provided maximum color pigment of greenness and yellowness at blending time of 90 s as compared to the normal blender that required 180 s. In GC-MS analysis, the major component, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, was found to be one time higher in the freeze-dried pandan juice samples obtained from turbo blade blender than normal blender. Other components including the cis-3-hexanal, 2-methylene-4-pentenenitrile and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were also detected in the samples. In conclusion, the turbo blade blender is more effective than normal laboratory blender in terms of color extraction, particle size reduction and the aroma retention.

Alkaloids from Pandanus amaryllifolius: Isolation and Their Plausible Biosynthetic Formation.

Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (Pandanaceae) is used as a flavor and in folk medicine in Southeast Asia. The ethanolic crude extract of the aerial parts of P. amaryllifolius exhibited antioxidant, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory activities in previous studies. In the current investigation, the purification of the ethanolic extract yielded nine new compounds, including N-acetylnorpandamarilactonines A (1) and B (2); pandalizines A (3) and B (4); pandanmenyamine (5); pandamarilactones 2 (6) and 3 (7), and 5(E)-pandamarilactonine-32 (8); and pandalactonine (9). The isolated alkaloids, with either a γ-alkylidene-α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone or γ-alkylidene-α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactam system, can be classified into five skeletons including norpandamarilactonine, indolizinone, pandanamine, pandamarilactone, and pandamarilactonine. A plausible biosynthetic route toward 1-5, 7, and 9 is proposed.

First Total Synthesis of Pandamarine.

The first total synthesis of pandamarine, an alkaloid isolated from Pandanus amaryllifolius is reported. The key step of this extremely short (six steps in total) and protecting group-free synthesis is a highly efficient cascade reaction sequence initiated by the photooxidation of an easily accessible and symmetric difuran precursor.

Phytotoxic constituents from curvularia intermedia infecting Pandanus amaryllifolius

As part of an on-going effort in search for agrochemicals from natural sources, a fungus from an infeected leaf of Pandanus amaryllifolius showing visible necrosis was isolated and identified as Curvularia intermedia. The fungus was cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and then was grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) culture medium at 24 0C for 14 days. The liquid culture broth was extracted with ethyl acetate to afford a brownish solid that showed phytotoxicity on monocots and dicots. Silica gel biotage column chromatography fractionation followed by crystallization afforded two phytotoxic compounds. The structures were determined as curvularin and dehydrocurvularin by spectroscopic techniques. Dehydrocurvularin inhibited seed germination and caused cellular leakage in cucumber cotyledons and the effects were less pronounced by curvularin at the same concentrations. Isolation and biological activity of these constituents will discussed.

Carotenoids and Norisoprenoids as Carotenoid Degradation Products in Pandan Leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.)

Leaves from Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb., known as pandan leaves, are used as natural colorants, natural flavor, and herbal medicine in Indonesia. These leaves are sources of natural colorants, which are mostly of carotenoid origin. In addition, carotenoids can act as precursors of several aroma impact compounds such as norisoprenoids. The research objective of this study was to determine carotenoids by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography photo diode array and to determine norisoprenoids by Head Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (HS-SPME GC-MS) with the aim to promote pandan leaves as potential natural flavor and natural colorants. β-carotene and lutein were found as major carotenoids in pandan leaves. Three different norisoprenoids (α-ionone, β-ionone, and β-cyclocitral) were identified in pandan leaves along with their carotenoid precursors (α-carotene and β-carotene).

Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract from Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. plant on diabetic mice

Diabetes with many dangerous complications is a major threat to global health. In this study, we evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of ethanol extract from Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves by determining their antioxidant ability. In the first step, mice were induced to be diabetes by using alloxan monohydrate (AM) solution. In the end of experiment, their kidneys, hearts and lungs were used to investigate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from P. amaryllifolius leaves by Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) assay. The extracts of P. amaryllifolius plant showed the percentage of free radical combine antioxidant in kidneys, hearts and lungs equivalent to those of normal mice treated with distilled water. However, the anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic extract of P. amaryllifolius leaves was higher than commercial available anti-diabetic drug glucofast.

Antimicrobial alkaloids from the leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius

Chemical investigation on the crude base of the Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves led to the isolation and identification of pandamarilactone-1 (1), pandamarilactone-32 (2), pandamarilactonine-A (3), and pandamarilactonine-B (4). Their structures were elucidated based on 1H and 13C NMR and in comparison with the literature data. Compound 3 was found to be the most active among the four isolates with an MIC of 15.6 ug/mL and MBC of 31.25 ug/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of the isolated alkaloids from the genus Pandanus.

Antihyperglycemic effects of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaf extract.

Background:Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading chronic diseases worldwide. In patients with poor glycemic control, high blood glucose level may lead to other life-threatening complications. Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (PA) leaves are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes.Objective:This study evaluated the effect of crude extract from PA leaves on blood glucose level and the hypoglycemic mechanisms.Materials and Methods:Thirty healthy volunteers were asked to drink PA tea (test-group) or hot water (control group) 15 min after glucose loading (75 g) in a standard oral glucose tolerance test. To study hypoglycemic mechanisms, PA leaves were extracted using two different methods. Method 1; dried PA leaves were extracted with distilled water at 90°C for 15 min, and method 2; dried PA leaves were extracted with 95% ethanol. Both PA extracts were tested for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, insulin stimulation, and glucose uptake stimulation.Results:The average of blood glucose level in the control group was 5.55 ± 0.98 mmol/l, while in PA treated group was 6.16 ± 0.79 mmol/l which were statistically different (P < 0.001). The results of antihyperglycemic mechanism showed that PA extracts, prepared both methods, could inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme and induce insulin production in rat pancreatic cell (RINm5F) in dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The knowledge gained from this research can be used as a basis for a new drug discovery for the treatment of diabetes.

Carotenoid-cleavage activities of crude enzymes from Pandanous amryllifolius.

Carotenoid degradation products, known as norisoprenoids, are aroma-impact compounds in several plants. Pandan wangi is a common name of the shrub Pandanus amaryllifolius. The genus name 'Pandanus' is derived from the Indonesian name of the tree, pandan. In Indonesia, the leaves from the plant are used for several purposes, e.g., as natural colorants and flavor, and as traditional treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the cleavage of β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal by carotenoid-cleavage enzymes isolated from pandan leaves, to investigate dependencies of the enzymatic activities on temperature and pH, to determine the enzymatic reaction products by using Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry (HS-SPME GC/MS), and to investigate the influence of heat treatment and addition of crude enzyme on formation of norisoprenoids. Crude enzymes from pandan leaves showed higher activity against β-carotene than β-apo-8'-carotenal. The optimum temperature of crude enzymes was 70°, while the optimum pH value was 6. We identified β-ionone as the major volatile reaction product from the incubations of two different carotenoid substrates, β-carotene and β-apo-8'-carotenal. Several treatments, e.g., heat treatment and addition of crude enzymes in pandan leaves contributed to the norisoprenoid content. Our findings revealed that the crude enzymes from pandan leaves with carotenoid-cleavage activity might provide a potential application, especially for biocatalysis, in natural-flavor industry.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pandamarilactone‐1.

AbstractThe nine‐step synthesis of the title compound (I), an alkaloid of Pandanus amaryllifolius, features furan oxidation with singlet oxygen and then spiro‐N,O‐acetalization and elimination to generate the target compound and further Pandanus alkaloids, pandamarilactonines A‐D.

Characterization of pR18, a novel rolling-circle replication plasmid from Lactobacillus plantarum

Lactobacillus plantarum PA18, a strain originally isolated from the leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius, contains a pR18 plasmid. The pR18 plasmid is a 3211bp circular molecule with a G+C content of 35.8%. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed two putative open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, in which ORF2 was predicted (317 amino acids) to be a replication protein and shared 99% similarity with the Rep proteins of pLR1, pLD1, pC30il, and pLP2000, which belong to the RCR pC194/pUB110 family. Sequence analysis also indicated that ORF1 was predicted to encode linA, an enzyme that enzymatically inactivates lincomycin. The result of Southern hybridization and mung bean nuclease treatment confirmed that pR18 replicated via the RCR mechanism. Phylogenetic tree analysis of pR18 plasmid proteins suggested that horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants without genes encoding mobilization has not only occurred between Bacillus and Lactobacillus but also between unrelated bacteria. Understanding this type of transfer could possibly play a key role in facilitating the study of the origin and evolution of lactobacillus plasmids. Quantitative PCR showed that the relative copy number of pR18 was approximately 39 copies per chromosome equivalent.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SELECTED AROMATIC PLANTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

The assessment of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening were done on three native aromatic plants found in the Philippines: Lantana camara L., Pandanus amaryllifolius and Piper betel. The sample leaves of these plants were collected in Sablan, Benguetas for study and processed using methanol as solvent. The qualitative analysis and phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids from the three samples. Steroid is slightly present in both L. camara and P. amaryllifolius but absent in P. betel. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing, was done by measuring the inhibition zones of different bacterial cultures, using the disc plate method. The methanol extract of L. camara showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas auroginosa but showed no antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium. The methanol extract of P. amaryllifolius showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. auroginosa. It also showed slight antimicrobial property against E. coli and S. typhimurium. On the other hand, methanol extract of P. betel showed antimicrobial property against E. coli, S. aureus and P. auroginosa. It has no antimicrobial property against S. typhimurium. Among the three, the methanol extracts of P. betel showed more antimicrobial property against E. coli and P. auroginosa. The methanol extracts of L. camara and P. amyrrllifolius showed more antimicrobial activity against P. auroginosa. The antimicrobial properties of the three samples were compared with the standard kanamycin. The study recommends that large-scale production of medicinal (antimicrobial) products from the three aromatic plants would be beneficial to the Filipino natives where these plants are in abundance as a cheaper alternative medicine.