PANDA Ring Research Articles

Multi Wavelength Generated by PANDA Ring Resonator for Multi User DWDM WiMAX Network

This paper proposed a scheme for multi channels THz frequency generation by using a coupled nonlinear resonator device known as PANDA ring. Dipole gold nanoantenna coupled to active plasmonic devices was used at THz for WiMAX network applications. Multiple Dark-Bright soliton conversion control propagating within a modified PANDA ring resonator to generated dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).The system results illustrated multi wavelength Dark-Bright soliton generation and the frequency obtained in multi THz frequency to broadcast the data to transmitter for all receivers. In this approach, the muti THz frequency provides a reliable frequency band for the future planar lightwave circuit (PLCs) based on DWDM optical link with Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Ubiquitous, and many applications.

Micro Plasma Source Design Using WGMs a PANDA Ring

Plasma is a one of state of matter that is produced by applying energy into gas or fluid like, where the ionized electrons from gas or fluid atoms to be free electrons. In this paper, the use of micro plasma source generation by using a PANDA ring resonator is introduced, in which the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are formed within the center ring and can be used to create the high power of electromagnetic wave for gas plasma production. In application, the micro plasma source can be fabricated in small scale material process or others suitable operation. In this case, the plasma source can be decreased to be micro-scale device, where in fact, the common plasma source system size is large because the high energy source to produce high power plasma is required. Finally, the detail of using such small scale plasma source is discussed. The theoretical details of whispering gallery mode and quantum tunneling effects are also reviewed and discussed.

Holographic Data Storage and Display by PANDA Ring Resonator Technique <sup></sup>

In this paper, a novel method of holographic data storage and display was demonstrated. The use of nonlinear optical device called PANDA ring resonator is realized by Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) and manipulated by Phase Conjugate Mirror (PCM) techniques. The result shown that the proposed model was performed a 3x3 optical waveguide holographic matrix which manipulated with a various wavelength and can be well applied to dynamic holographic optical data storage, holographic display, and other applications by compact nonlinear optical device.

Generating Highly Dark–Bright Solitons by Gaussian Beam Propagation in a PANDA Ring Resonator

A novel system for generating dark-bright solitons is proposed. The system uses a PANDA ring resonator incorporated with an add/drop filter system. With resonant conditions, chaotic signals are generated from the through and drop ports of the PANDA system and then propagated in the add/drop filter system. Simulation results show that inputting Gaussian pulses in the system generates and controls highly dark-bright signals. To increase system capacity and obtain the required channel signals, we select 20, 100, and 400 μm as the radii of the add/drop filter system. The central wavelength of input power is 1.55 μm, by which ultrashort dark-bright soliton pulses are generated. The simulation results for the wavelength-dependent soliton pulses show full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) of 2.1, 0.42, and 0.11 nm, as well as free spectral ranges (FSRs) of 5.75, 1.15, and 0.29 nm. These values correspond to 20, 100, and 400 μm, respectively. The simulated time-dependent soliton pulses have FWHMs of 8.1, 9.2, and 15.3 ps with a constant FSR of 25 ps. A maximum output power of 80 W can be obtained from the drop port of the PANDA system.

Deform of Biological Human Tissue Using Inserted Force Applied by Optical Tweezers Generated by PANDA Ring Resonator

Deform of Biological Human Tissue Using Inserted Force Applied by Optical Tweezers Generated by PANDA Ring Resonator

All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using Microring Resonators

The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed. The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to 55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the system is analyzed.

Drug Delivery System Model using Optical Tweezer Spin Control

A new concept of molecular motor using optical tweezers within a modified optical add–drop filter known as PANDA ring resonator is proposed. In simulation, dark and bright solitons are input into the system. The orthogonal tweezers can be formed within the system and detected simultaneously at the output ports. Under the resonant condition, the optical tweezers generated by dark and bright soliton pair corresponding to the left-hand and right-hand rotating solitons (tweezers) can be generated. In application, the trapped molecules can be moved and rotated to the required destinations, which can be useful for healthcare applications, especially, in drug delivery, medical diagnosis and therapy.

Optical Buffer Application Used for Tissue Surgery Using Direct Interaction of Nano Optical Tweezers with Nano Cells

This paper presents a technique of abnormal cell removal using ultra short pulses of optical tweezers. This technique uses a Half Panda Ring Resonator (HPRR) made of nonlinear fiber optics to generate desired results, which are applicable to medical applications. This system consists of a centered ring resonator connected to smaller ring resonators on the left side which is a good candidate for nanoscale interferometer applications. The optical tweezers generated by the dark soliton propagating inside the system are in the form of potential wells. Optical tweezers can trap microscopic dielectric particles using radiation pressure of light. This technique has the unique ability to trap and manipulate molecules at the mesoscopic scale using molecular buffers. Optical tweezers with Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of 3.58 nm interact with nano particles within the molecular buffer system, thus optical trapping occurs. Therefore the nano particles are used to be transmitted to a biological tissue in order to remove abnormal cells by direct collision, thus the collision of the particles will result in an exchange of energy and damage to the cells.

PSYCHIATRIC INVESTIGATION USING WGMs IN MICRORING CIRCUITS

The use of an electrical probe is formed by whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of light within the coated microring circuits, in which the electrical signal is generated by trapped electron tunneling along the circular path of the coated microring circuit. The collection of electrons is formed within the WGMs, where in this study, a modified nonlinear microring resonator known as a PANDA ring resonator is coated by gold material and forms the mirroring circuit. The induced current (magnetic field) within the circuit occurs by the coupling effects between trapped electrons and coated ring, which can penetrate into the brain cells and transform to the required signals via the terahertz carrier for psychiatric investigations. The use of WGMs for 3D image construction using a PANDA conjugate mirror is also discussed, which is useful for thermal and imaging sensors.

IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN Standard Using Millimeter Optical Soliton Pulse Generated by a Panda Ring Resonator

A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver.

Optical Capsule and Tweezer Array for Molecular Motor Use

A generation of optical capsules and tweezers within a modified optical add-drop filter known as PANDA ring resonator with a new concept is proposed. By using dark and bright solitons, the orthogonal tweezers can be formed within the system and observed simultaneously at the output ports. Under the resonant condition, the optical capsules and tweezers generated by dark and bright soliton pair corresponding to the left-hand and right-hand rotating solitons (tweezers) can be generated. When a soliton is interacted by an object, an angular momentum of either bright or dark tweezers is imparted to the object, in which two possible spin states known as tweezer spins are exhibited. Furthermore, an array of molecular capsules and spins, i.e., trapped molecules can be generated and detected by using the proposed system, which can be used to form large scale tweezer or capsule spins. In application, the trapped molecules can be moved and rotated securely to the required destinations, which can be useful for many applications, especially, in medical diagnosis, therapy and surgery.

Four Point Probe Micro-Optical Gyroscope With Self Calibration Control

A new Micro-optical gyroscope system with self-calibration is proposed, in which a gyroscope network is developed using a four point probe sensor. This system is composed of a modified add/drop filter known as a PANDA ring resonator, which is connected as a star network. The changes in delay time of light in the three-dimensional rotation motions can be observed using each of sensing nodes. By using the central control, the self-calibration of each node can be performed and managed by the comparison of signals in the right- and left-hand side rings ( $R_{r}$ and $R_{l}$ ). The proposed system is mathematically analyzed and simulated. The obtained simulation results of the rotating signals around the $y$ , $x$ , and $z$ axes are given by the delay times between the output1 and output2 with 2, 3, and 6 attosecond, respectively. The rotation orbit as a function of the initial rotation rate $\Omega$ based on the Sagnac effects is achieved. The experimental simulation results are also obtained by using the practical design method (Opti-wave) and discussed in details.

Ultrafast all-optical switching using signal flow graph for PANDA resonator

In this paper, the bifurcation behavior of light in the PANDA ring resonator is investigated using the signal flow graph (SFG) method, where the optical transfer function for the through and drop ports of the PANDA Vernier system are derived. The optical nonlinear phenomena, such as bistability, Ikeda instability, and dynamics of light in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) PANDA ring resonator with four couplers are studied. The transmission curves for bistability and instability as a function of the resonant mode numbers and coupling coefficients for the coupler are derived by the SFG method and simulated. The proposed system has an advantage as no optical pumping component is required. Simulated results show that closed-loop bistable switching can be generated and achieved by varying mode resonant numbers in the SOI-PANDA Vernier resonator, where a smooth and closed-loop bistable switching with low relative output/input power can be obtained and realized. The minimum through-port switching time of 1.1 ps for resonant mode numbers of 5;4;4 and minimum drop port switching time of 1.96 ps for resonant mode numbers of 9;7;7 of the PANDA Vernier resonator are achieved, which makes the PANDA Vernier resonator an operative component for optical applications, such as optical signal processing and a fast switching key in photonics integrated circuits.

Generation of potential wells used for quantum codes transmission via a TDMA network communication system

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a technique of quantum code generation using optical tweezers. This technique uses a microring resonator made of nonlinear fibre optics to generate the desired results, which are applicable to Internet security and quantum network cryptography. A modified add/drop interferometer system called PANDA is proposed, which consists of a centred ring resonator connected to smaller ring resonators on the left side. To form the multifunction operations of the PANDA system—for instance, to control, tune and amplify—an additional Gaussian pulse is introduced into the add port of the system. The optical tweezers generated by the dark soliton propagating inside the PANDA ring resonator system are in the form of potential wells. Potential well output can be connected to the quantum signal processing system, which consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is used to generate high‐capacity quantum codes within the system, whereas the receiver detects encoded signals known as quantum bits. Therefore, an entangled photon pair can be generated and propagated via an optical communication link such as a time division multiple access system. Here, narrower potential wells with a full‐width half‐maximum of 3.58 and 9.57 nm are generated at the through and drop ports of the PANDA ring resonator system, respectively, where the amplification of the signals occurs during propagation inside the system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

WGMs on-Chip Design for Interdisciplinary Studies

Light in a PANDA ring resonator system for coated and uncoated materials have been proposed and discussed. The input waves (lights) can be in the forms of soliton, Gaussian pulses, photon or matter wave. The trapped electron motion around the PANDA ring can also be generated, in which the matter wave concept is formed within the PANDA ring waveguide. From the results, we found that the whispering gallery mode (WGM) can be generated due to coupling effects of the two nonlinear side rings, which have shown many interesting results and aspects. We found that four behaviors of light, for instance, fast, slow, stopping and storing can be manipulated and seen simultaneously by PANDA ring planar waveguide, which can be fabricated and tested on-chip, which is also suitable to implement in the laboratory.

Nonlinear Coupling Effects of Waves in A Panda Ring

All forms of waves in circular motions in circular ring resonator have shown the interesting behaviors, especially, in the nonlinear wave tracks, where the waves such as gravitation wave, sound wave, electromagnetic wave, matter wave and water wave can produce the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) with some certain conditions. This paper presents the use of a circular resonator (ring resonator) which is coupled by two nonlinear side rings known as a PANDA ring, in which the input waves can be in the forms of soliton, Gaussian pulses, photon or matter wave and introduced into the system. The WGMs can be generated due to the coupling effects of the two nonlinear side rings with the center ring and tunneling effects, which have shown many interesting results and aspects. Some expected outputs can be in the forms of surface plasmons, potential wells, leaky modes of waves, whispering gallery modes, matter waves (photons or particles). The use of WGMs for water wave and Rabi oscillation of photons (particles) in a PANDA ring are also discussed.

Micro Energy Source Using WGMs of Wave in Small Scale Optical Device

Simulation results of forms of waves in a ring resonator system known as a PANDA ring resonator for coated and uncoated materials have been proposed and discussed. The input waves (lights) can be in the forms of soliton, Gaussian pulses, photon or matter wave. The trapped electron motion around the PANDA ring can also be generated, in which the matter wave concept is formed within the PANDA ring waveguide. From the results, we found that the whispering gallery mode (WGM) can be generated due to coupling effects of the two nonlinear side rings, which have shown many interesting results and aspects, especially for energy applications, which can be fabricated and tested on-chip.

Conjugate Mirror by a Panda Ring Circuit

This paper presents the use of a nonlinear microring resonator device known as a modified add-drop filter for small scale conjugate mirror, which is a basic device for 3D image construction and reconstruction system. It can also be useful for real time 3D image display applications. By using the modified add-drop filter, the 3D image can be constructed and reconstructed within the microring circuit. In this circuit, the object and reference beams can be formed by the reflected signals from through and drop ports of the add-drop filter respectively, where the conjugate mirror concept is obtained by the nonlinear coupling effects via the two nonlinear side rings, in which the four-wave mixing of those signals can be introduced. Finally, the interference of those two beams can be constructed and seen by the whispering gallery mode at the center ring, while the interference signals can be seen by the add port output. The WGMs of waves are simulated and discussed, where the 3D image construction and reconstruction can be seen by using the microring circuit as the conjugate mirror, in which the use of large volume display using a new type of conjugate mirror can be realized.

Fast, Slow, Stopping and Storing Light Simultaneously using a PANDA Ring On-Chip

Past and slow light behaviors are the interesting aspects of light which can be useful for many fundamental and applied researches. Pornsuwancharoen and Yupapin et al. [1] have proposed the use of a simple device called “microring resonator” to perform such behaviors. In this research work, the four different behaviors of light i.e., fast, slow, stopping and storing of light where investigated using a ring resonator. Nowadays, stopping or cooling light beam has become the promising technique for atom/molecule trapping investigations (using static or dynamic tweezers), especially, after the announcement of Nobel Prize 2012 in Physics on the whispering gallery modes [2, 3]. There are two more kinds of devices that can be used to trap light beams, the use of microcavity arrays performed by Yanik and Fan [4], and nonlinear microring resonator by Yupapin and Pornsuwancharoen [5] for stopping light (laser beam). Nanyang Technological University scientists have also done experiment to slowing the light in microresonators using a microring system recently [6]. This concept is a concrete backbone for many applications.

Nanorobot Controlled by Optical Tweezer Spin for Microsurgical Use

In this paper, a new technique of microsurgery using a nanorobot controlled by light is proposed. A nanorobot is trapped and transported (moved) by the rotational optical tweezers within the microtubule. An optical tweezer is generated by light pulse within a PANDA ring resonator, in which the tweezer spin is introduced by the gold coating material on the optical waveguide for nanorobot trapping and transportation. In operation, nanorobots are stably trapped by the dynamic potential wells and transported to the required surgical targets for treatment. Many nanorobots can be trapped and transported by the tweezer array, which can be used for large-area surgical treatments.