Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity Research Articles

Fermentation of grapefruit peel by an efficient cellulose-degrading strain, (Penicillium YZ-1): Modification, structure and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber

In the study, a highly efficient cellulose-degrading strain was screened, which was identified as a fungus in the genus Penicillium sp., named YZ-1. The content of soluble dietary fiber was greatly increased by the treatment of this strain. In addition, the effects of soluble dietary fiber from high-pressure cooking group (HG-SDF), strain fermentation group (FG-SDF) and control group (CK-SDF) on the physicochemical structure, and in vitro hypolipidemic activity were investigated. The results showed that the physicochemical structure of the raw materials was improved after fermentation, and FG-SDF exhibited the loosest structure, the highest viscosity and thermal stability. Furthermore, compared to CK-SDF and HG-SDF, FG-SDF showed the most significant improvement in functional properties, including cholesterol adsorption capacity (CAC), inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity (LI) and mixed bile acid adsorption capacity (BBC). Overall, these findings will provide new insights into dietary fiber modification and improve the comprehensive use value of grapefruit by-products.

Simultaneous enhancement of thermostability and catalytic activity of κ-carrageenase from Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis by rational design

κ-Carrageenase provides an attractive enzymatic approach to preparation of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides. Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis κ-carrageenase is active at the alkaline conditions but displays low thermostability. To further improve its enzymatic performance, two mutants of Q42V and I51H exhibiting both improved thermostability and enzyme activity were screened by the PoPMuSiC algorithm. Compared with the wild-type κ-carrageenase (WT), Q42V and I51H increased the enzyme activity by 20.9% and 25.4%, respectively. After treatment at 50 ℃ for 40 min, Q42V and I51H enhanced the residual activity by 31.1% and 25.9%, respectively. The Tm values of Q42V, I51H, and WT determined by differential scanning calorimetry were 58.2 ℃, 54.8 ℃, and 51.2 ℃, respectively. Compared with untreated and HCl-treated κ-carrageenans, Q42V-treated κ-carrageenan exhibited higher pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the additional pi-sigma force and hydrophobic interaction in the enzyme-substrate complex could account for the increased catalytic activity of Q42V and I51H, respectively. Molecular dynamics analysis indicated that the improved thermostability of mutants Q42V and I51H could be attributed to the less structural deviation and the flexible changes of enzyme conformation at high temperature. This study provides new insight into κ-carrageenase performance improvement and identifies good candidates for their industrial applications.

The flavonoid profiles in different tissue parts of Shatianyu (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) and their in vitro bioactivity

The profiles and bioactivity of flavonoids in the different tissue parts of Shatianyu (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck), including flavedo, albedo, septum, pulp and seed, were investigated in the present study. Fourteen flavonoids were identified by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Melitidin, naringin and bergamjuicin were the main flavonoids in flavedo, albedo, septum and pulp, while naringin, melitidin and neoeriocitrin were the major flavonoids in seed. In addition, cigranoside C, D, E, F, bergamjuicin and neoeriocitrin, which were isolated from Shatianyu pulp with new structure in our previous study, were detected in all tissue parts and took up 8.9%–37.2% of the total contents of detected flavonoids. Besides strong antioxidant activity, the flavedo and seed of Shatianyu showed potent pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.9 and 23.1 μg GAE/mL, respectively. Thus, Shatianyu is natural source of flavonoids and possesses potential for application in anti-obesity nutraceutical food.

Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Activity in Lipid Absorption Using Traditional Plants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from excessive accumulation of fat. With a significant annual increase, it has become a health concern across the globe in the last decades. To tackle this problem, an exploration of traditional medicinal plants (TMP) functioning as anti-obesity drugs using an ethnopharmacology approach has been carried out. Research on the drug development of obesity treatment was directed at how to inhibit pancreatic lipase as the enzyme accounted for lipid absorption. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, this current study investigated TMP anti-obesity from the articles published in 6 scientific databases, i.e., Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Cengage Library, Ebsco, and Emerald, using particular keywords. The review resulted in 19 articles containing 91 eligible data based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta-analysis extracted data as follows: IC50, number of replications, and standard error, regarding the anti-obesity effects of medicinal plants and orlistat as a positive control. The results showed 8 medicinal plants showing anti-obesity via inhibition of pancreatic lipase, including Solenostemma argel, Garcinia vilersiana, Phyllanthus chamaepeuce, Cassia auriculata, Moringa oleifera, Ficus carica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Adiantum capillus-veneris.

Potential lipase inhibitor from underutilized part of Andrographis paniculata: Targeted isolation and mechanism of inhibition

Pancreatic lipase (PL) plays a vital role in lipid metabolism-associated disorders, especially obesity. The present study demonstrates the targeted isolation of biologically active compounds from Andrographis paniculata root with dietary fat absorption capacity for obesity management. The HPLC-based micro-fractionation and off-line in-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay have resulted in potential phytochemicals with IC50 value 4.46–21.76 µg/mL. 7-O-methyl-dihydro wogonin (MDHW) was the most potent with IC50 = 14.86 ± 0.19 μM than reported flavanones. The MDHW has also exhibited a synergistic effect with orlistat at a concentration lower than 14.86 μM. MDHW acts as a competitive inhibitor via energy transfer from PL. The binding interaction of MDHW with PL was hydrophobic (Ka=1.40 ×103 L/mol). FT-IR studies showed the stable and compact MDHW-PL complex as the percentage of β -turn, β-antiparallel and random coil increased, while the portion of the α-helix, β-sheet decreased. Additionally, in-silico studies have also confirmed the non-polar interaction of MDHW with the protein's active site (PBD:1ETH) by spontaneous H-bonds. Results suggested that MDHW isolated from A. paniculata root showed high PL inhibitory activity and binding affinity (Ki =7.4 µM), promising a potential anti-obesity agent for pharmaceutical and food industry applications.

3D-QSAR, design, docking and in silico ADME studies of indole-glyoxylamides and indolyl oxoacetamides as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors

The versatility of indole heterocyclic led to the understanding of their structural requirements to develop new potential derivatives. The indole derivatives estimated to be active against pancreatic lipase have been chosen to develop 3D-QSAR field and atom-based models, validated using the Schrodinger suite. Designing of new agents through QSAR based predictions and performing docking on these compounds helped in defining the binding pattern and pharmacophoric features like π–π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-cation interactions with the amino acid residues. The protein-ligand complex displayed good binding energies. In silico ADMET properties have been generated using the Quick-prop module of the Schrodinger suite. The 3D-QSAR model is found to be statistically significant and evaluated using various parameters like R2, R2CV, stability, F-value, P-value, RMSE, Q2, and Pearson-r by PLS factor of 4. The field fractions and contour maps along with their visualizations have helped in inferring the essential nature and type of substituent that should be incorporated for a compound to display potent pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. These deductions and evaluations of the synthesized compounds through the generation of models could be further utilized for designing new molecules rationally.

Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic improvement of polyphenol content, antioxidant potential, and in vitro inhibitory effect on digestive enzymes of Miang extracts

The aims of this research were to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of polyphenols under Miang and tannase treatment conditions for the improvement of antioxidant activity of Miang extracts via response surface methodology. Miang extracts treated with and without tannase were investigated for their inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes. The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of the highest total polyphenol (TP) (136.91 mg GAE/g dw) and total flavonoid (TF) (5.38 mg QE/g dw) contents were as follows: 1 U/g cellulase, 1 U/g xylanase, 1 U/g pectinase, temperature (74 °C), and time (45 min). The antioxidant activity of this extract was enhanced by the addition of tannase obtained from Sporidiobolus ruineniae A45.2 undergoing ultrasonic treatment and under optimal conditions (360 mU/g dw, 51 °C for 25 min). The ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction selectively promoted the extraction of gallated catechins from Miang. Tannase treatment improved the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of untreated Miang extracts by 1.3 times. The treated Miang extracts possessed higher IC50 values for porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activity than those that were untreated. However, it expressed approximately 3 times lower IC50 values for porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) inhibitory activity indicating a marked improvement in inhibitory activity. The molecular docking results support the contention that epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and catechin obtained via the biotransformation of the Miang extracts played a crucial role in the inhibitory activity of PPL. Overall, the tannase treated Miang extract could serve as a functional food and beneficial ingredient in medicinal products developed for obesity prevention.

Solid-state fermentation of Apocynum venetum L. by Aspergillus niger: Effect on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities and metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger on the total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), individual phenolic contents, and antioxidant and inhibitory activities against metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes in an ethanol extract from Apocynum venetum L. (AVL). TPC, TFC, and the contents of quercetin and kaempferol during SSF were 1.52-, 1.33-, 3.64-, and 2.22-fold higher than those of native AVL in the ethyl acetate (EA) subfraction of the ethanol extract. The ABTS·+, DPPH· scavenging, and inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase were found to be highest in the EA subfraction. Fermentation significantly increased the ABTS radical cation, DPPH radical scavenging, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities by 1.33, 1.39, and 1.28 times, respectively. TPC showed a significantly positive correlation with antioxidant activities or inhibition against metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes. This study provides a theoretical basis for producing tea products with enhanced antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities.

Novel Peptides in Fermented Milk with Specific Lactobacillus Strains Potential Antiobesity Effect: In Vitro and in Silico Analysis

The objective was to investigate the potential antiobesity effect of fermented milks (FMs) with 11 strains of specific Lactobacillus strains isolated from artisanal Mexican cheeses. First, pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (PLIA) was determined in all FMs. Then, the FM with the most PLIA was selected for peptide identification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS–MS) and for adipogenesis studies. FMs with Limosilactobacillus fermentum J20 (J20) displayed the highest (p < 0.05) PLIA (81.70 ± 2.24%) and the lowest IC50 (0.05 0.05 mg/mL) of all. Also, FM J20 inhibited lipid accumulation in a 3T3-L1 cell line. Eight novel identified peptides released by in silico digestion from the fraction with the most PLIA (p < 0.05) presented sequences that strongly bind enzyme active sites and may be responsible for lipid accumulation inhibition during adipogenesis. Thus, FM J20 may be used for the development of a dairy product with potential antiobesity effects.

Effects of different extraction techniques on the structural, physicochemical, and bioactivity properties of heteropolysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum roots

In this study, two different extraction methods, enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), were used to extraction of polysaccharides from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (PGR), and the preliminary characterization of the purified polysaccharide (PGP1 extracted with EAE and PGP2 extracted with UAE) were analyzed. The data implied that the yield of the polysaccharide obtained by UAE (12.01 ± 0.11%) was significantly higher than that of EAE (9.06 ± 0.07%). Meanwhile, Chemical composition analysis revealed that both PGP1 (6.6 kDa) and PGP2 (5.4 kDa) were comprised of eight monosaccharides with different molar ratios. Preliminary characterization analysis including FT-IR spectra, NMR analysis, X-ray diffraction, Congo red experiment, and thermogravimetric analysis were investigated. The result illustrated that PGP1 and PGP2 have similar chemical composition and functional groups, and both have crystalline and triple helix structure. Moreover, PGP2 demonstrated better water (4.94 ± 0.14 g/g) and oil (2.69 ± 0.016 g/g) retention capacity than PGP1, and also showed higher bile binding ability and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. However, PGP1 presented higher inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Based on the above, these findings indicated that the two novel polysaccharides are worthy being developed as natural hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents.

Steroidal saponins from the roots of Polygonatum odoratum and their inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase

Twenty steroidal saponins were isolated from the water extract of fresh fibrous roots of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, of which seven were new compounds (1-7) along with thirteen known compounds (8-20). Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic and chemical techniques. All isolated compounds were evaluated for porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Compounds 9 and 10 showed inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 201.90 ± 0.036 μM and 151.20 ± 0.058 μM (positive control orlistat; 2.82 ± 0.060 μM).

In Vitro Pancreatic Lipase, Alpha-Amylase and Αlpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of the Phytochemical Barbaloin

In the present study the phytochemical, barbaloin was studied for in-vitro pancreatic lipase, alpha (α)-amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The aim of this work is to evaluate the inhibitory activities of the phytochemical, barbaloin at different concentrations. Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the lipids obtained from the diet which acts as an important target to treat obesity. The natural medicines that can inhibit pancreatic lipase enzyme and thus decrease absorption of dietary fat in the body gained much attention for the treatment and prevention of obesity. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder marked by an elevated level of glucose that circulates in the blood plasma. Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitors are used to attain control over hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to screen the novel pancreatic lipase, alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitors using a phytochemical, barbaloin in order to minimize the toxicity and side effects of the inhibitors which are used at present to treat the disorders like obesity and hyperglycemia. The phytochemical, barbaloin exhibited significant pancreatic lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an IC50 value 5.52µg/ml, 8.22µg/ml and 5.81µg/ml respectively and well compared with standard orlistat for pancreatic lipase and acarbose for alpha (α)-amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibitory activities respectively.

Antiobesity and Antioxidative Effect of Fermented Brown Rice Using In Vitro with In Vivo Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Naturally occurring phytochemicals from plants or grains are crucial in reducing various metabolic disorders. Bioactive phytonutrients are abundant in the Asian dietary staple, brown rice. This research evaluated the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) bioconversion and fermentation on antioxidant and antiobesity activities and ferulic acid content in brown rice. The combination of bioconversion with Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 among all LABs used showed a synergistic impact with 24 h of solid-state brown rice fermentation. The 24-h MNL5 fermented brown rice (FBR) demonstrated the most potent pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (85.5 ± 1.25%) compared to raw brown rice (RBR) (54.4 ± 0.86%). The antioxidant potential of MNL5-FBR was also found to be highest in the DPPH assay (124.40 ± 2.40 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW), ABTS assay (130.52 ± 2.32 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW), and FRAP assay (116.16 ± 2.42 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW). Based on higher antioxidant and antiobesity activities, samples were quantified for ferulic acid content using the HPLC-MS/MS approach. Furthermore, C. elegans supplementation with FBR showed enhanced life span and lipid reduction in fluorescence microscope analysis compared to the control. Our results indicate that the expression study using the C. elegans model (N2 and Daf-2 models) fat gene was conducted, showing a lowering of obesity ability in FBR-fed worms. Our study indicates that FBR has improved antioxidant and antiobesity actions, especially in MNL5-FBR, and can be employed to develop functional foods that combat obesity.

Isolation and Identification of Lipid-Lowering Peptides from Sacha Inchi Meal.

Sacha inchi meal (SIM) is a by-product of sacha inchi (considered as a "super-food") processing. In previous studies, we found that SIM protein hydrolysates exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. In this study, 10 bioactive peptides from those hydrolysates were identified. The top five peptides (NLYYKVV (NV-7), WWYVK (WK-5), WLLMWPYK (WK-8), EGLLMWPY (EY-8), and FPFFGYVWK (FK-9)) with strong pancreatic lipase inhibition activity had IC50 values of 34.01-246.50 µM, and displayed various inhibition types (mixed, non-competitive, and competitive type) by enzyme inhibition kinetics analysis. Fluorescence quenching analysis demonstrated that the interaction between the peptides and pancreatic lipase was mainly hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. The key residues involved in the peptide-enzyme interaction were determined by molecular docking. Moreover, the top two peptides were found to significantly inhibit fat accumulation and regulate lipid metabolism by alleviating the level of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. Collectively, sacha inchi meal-derived peptides displayed potent lipid-lowering activity and could be used as materials of functional food.

Edible Insects an Alternative Nutritional Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Edible insects have the potential to become one of the major future foods. In fact, they can be considered cheap, highly nutritious, and healthy food sources. International agencies, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), have focused their attention on the consumption of edible insects, in particular, regarding their nutritional value and possible biological, toxicological, and allergenic risks, wishing the development of analytical methods to verify the authenticity, quality, and safety of insect-based products. Edible insects are rich in proteins, fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals but also seem to contain large amounts of polyphenols able to have a key role in specific bioactivities. Therefore, this review is an overview of the potential of edible insects as a source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, that can be a function of diet but also related to insect chemical defense. Currently, insect phenolic compounds have mostly been assayed for their antioxidant bioactivity; however, they also exert other activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, antityrosinase, antigenotoxic, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities.

Co-extraction of soy protein and polysaccharide with lipid-lowering activity: Characterization of functional property, nutritional property and colonic fermentation property through a metabolomics approach

Defatted soy meal is a candidate for preparing lipid-lowering active ingredient. The study aimed to optimally co-extract soy protein and polysaccharide with lipid-lowering activity and improved functional and nutritional properties using non-conventional extraction techniques, i.e. thermal-, high pressure homogenization- and enzyme-assisted extraction. Non-conventional extraction enhanced the yields of soy protein and soluble saccharides and inactivated anti-nutrients. Soy extract (SE) prepared by pectinase-assisted extraction possessed not only strong in vitro lipid-lowering activity (i.e. cholesterol micellar inhibition activity, bile salts binding capacity, pancreatic lipase inhibition activity and cholesterol esterase inhibition activity), but also excellent functional (i.e. instant solubility of protein, low turbidity and acceptable color) and nutritional properties (i.e. none agglutinin activity). Resistant-digested fragment of 7S/11S played key role in lipid-lowering activity of SE. Moreover, SE beneficially altered colonic fermentation property of soy protein through promoting the release of bioactive peptides and organic acids, accelerating tryptophan and linoleic acid metabolism to produce indole acrylic acid, indole lactic acid and linoleic acid, and inhibiting putrefactive compounds (i.e. piperidine and tyramine). Oligosaccharide and polysaccharide in SE improved functional and nutritional properties of soy protein without compromising its lipid-lowering activity.

Purification, identification and hypolipidemic activities of three novel hypolipidemic peptides from tea protein

In this study, hypolipidemic peptides were obtained from tea protein by enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, the hypolipidemic peptides were identified by mass spectrometry and screened through molecular docking technology, and the hypolipidemic activities and mechanisms of the active peptides were explored. The results showed that the hydrolysate of hypolipidemic peptides obtained by pepsin hydrolysis for 3 h had good bile salt binding ability. After purification, identification and molecular docking screening, three novel hypolipidemic peptides FLF, IYF and QIF were obtained. FLF, IYF and QIF can interact with the receptor proteins 1LPB and 1F6W through hydrogen bonds, π-π bonds, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces, thus exerting hypolipidemic activities. Activity studies showed that, compared with the positive controls, FLF, IYF and QIF had excellent sodium taurocholate binding abilities, pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities and cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities. Moreover, FLF, IYF and QIF can effectively inhibit lipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, reduce intracellular lipid and low-density lipoprotein content and increase high-density lipoprotein content. These results indicated that the three novel hypolipidemic peptides screened in this study had excellent hypolipidemic activities and were expected to be used as natural-derived hypolipidemic active ingredients for the development and application in functional foods.

In Vitro α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, Xanthine Oxidase Inhibiting Activity of Agaricus bisporus Extracts

In this study, the α-amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, and Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity of the fruiting body extracts of 5 varieties of Agaricus bisporus (AB) were confirmed. First, the α-amylase inhibitory activity of AB12, AB13, AB18, AB34, and AB40 methanol extracts was lower than that of acarbose, a positive control, in all concentration ranges. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the AB40, AB13, and AB12 methanol extracts at the extract concentration of 1.0 mg/mL was 80.5%, 81.3%, and 78.5%, respectively, similar to that of acarbose, a positive control. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the methanol extract of Agaricus bisporus fruiting body was significantly lower than that of the positive control orlistat in the concentration range of 50 ∼ 1.000 (mg/mL). The Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity was 0.5 ∼ 8.0 mg/mL of each extract, which was significantly lower than that of the positive control allopurinol in the same concentration range. However, the Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity of AB13 and AB40 at 8.0 mg/mL was about 70%, which was higher than that of other mushrooms. In conclusion, five kinds of Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies seem to have inhibitory effects on enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and Xanthine Oxidase that degrade starch and protein. In particular, it has an inhibitory effect and a reduction effect on xanthine oxidase that causes gout, so it is expected that it can be developed and used as a food or health supplement with health functional properties through future research.

Exploring the anti-obesity bioactive compounds of Thymelaea hirsuta and Ziziphus spina-christi through integration of lipase inhibition screening and molecular docking analysis.

Activity-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extracts of Thymelaea hirsuta and Ziziphus spina-christi furnished eight compounds with pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Six compounds were isolated from the chloroform fraction of T. hirsuta. It is worth mentioning that this is the first report for the isolation of 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxycarbonyl flavanol (2), daphnodorin G-3''-methyl ether (4) and daphnodorin G (5) from genus Thymelaea. Moreover, daphnoretin (1), neochamaejasmin A (3) and daphnodorin B (6) were also isolated from the chloroform fraction of the same plant. On the other hand, quercetin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (7) and 3-O-[α-l-fucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl] jujubogenin (christinin A) (8) were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Z. spina-christi. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was carried out by detailed analysis of 1D and 2D spectral data. These compounds showed percentage inhibitions of 72% (1), 52% (2), 61.8% (3), 39% (4), 69.5% (5), 3.5% (6), 68% (7) and 75% (8) at the concentration of 250 μM and XP-G scores of lipase inhibition were 11.40 (1), 8.71 (2), 6.13 (3), 8.23 (4), 6.22 (5), 9.76 (6), 14.66 (7) and 12.00 (8). This is the first report of the isolation of lipase inhibitors from both plants T. hirsuta and Z. spina-christi. In addition to that, this might result in presenting the biscoumarin, daphnoretin, and the dammarane saponin, christinin A, as potent lipase inhibitors.

Anti-obesity and anticancer activity of Solanum xanthocarpum leaf extract: An in vitro study

Background: Solanum xanthocarpum grows in parts of India as a wild herb. The active principles of this plant are Solasodine, Carpesterol, β-Sitosterol, and Diosgenin. Pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and hypotensive activity of S. xanthocarpum have been reported. Solasodine, an active component of this plant is reported to have antioxidant activity. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the anticancer and anti-obesity property of S. xanthocarpum. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Department of Pharmacology, Government Kilpauk Medical College, with laboratory support from Life Teck Research Center, Chennai. Both dry and fresh leaves of S. xanthocarpum were taken and evaluated for anticancer property using MCF cell line and anti-obesity activity using Pancreatic Lipase inhibition activity. Results: There was significant decrease in cell viability with increase in concentration of both dry and fresh leaves which shows anticancer activity. With increase in concentrations of leaf extracts, the inhibition of pancreatic lipase was found but in comparison to Orlistat the standard treatment, the effect was very less. Conclusion: Based on above results, it is concluded that S. xanthocarpum has good anticancer and minimal anti-obesity activity. Further investigations are required to identify the actual phytoactive component.