Panamint Mountains Research Articles

Using 3D Printing to Create a Robust and Compact Peristaltic Field Pump: An Update to the Montana Drill Pump

AbstractThe collection of water samples from springs, streams, and wells is a critical component of field hydrogeological studies. Fieldwork, especially in mountainous terrain, often involves hiking to remote springs and streams. It is logistically and physically difficult to carry bulky, heavy sampling equipment such as large peristaltic pumps with built‐in batteries in these areas. To address this problem, researchers at the University of Montana designed the Montana Drill Pump (MDP) roughly 30 years ago to provide a compact, low‐cost and portable option for sampling with a peristaltic pump in the backcountry (Woessner ). Although the MDP is popular, with the advent of 3D printing techniques, a more robust and precise fitting pump design can be inexpensively created that can be quickly assembled in the lab or field. This new pump design was tested on multiple backpacking sampling campaigns in the Panamint Mountains of southern California, Mount Hood in Oregon, and Glacier National Park in northern Montana during the summer of 2017. The design was proven to be easy to use and durable in the field and offers a rugged, updated, more precisely fitting option to the MDP.

Low-temperature thermochronology of the Black and Panamint mountains, Death Valley, California: Implications for geodynamic controls on Cenozoic intraplate strain

We use apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometry to evaluate space-time patterns and tectonic drivers of Miocene to Pliocene deformation within the Death Valley area, eastern California. Zircon He ages from the footwall of the Amargosa–Black Mountains detachment in the Black Mountains record continuous cooling and exhumation from 9 to 3 Ma. Thermal modeling of data from the central Black Mountains suggests that this cooling took place during two intervals: a period of rapid footwall exhumation from 10 to 6 Ma, followed by slower (<5 mm/yr) exhumation since 6 Ma. Cumulative exhumation is estimated to be 10–16 km. Paleodepth reconstruction of cooling ages from the footwall of the Panamint-Emigrant detachment, in the central Panamint Range, also show two periods of cooling. Zircons record late Miocene cooling, whereas apatite He ages show punctuated exhumation at ca. 4 Ma. The results suggest the Panamint Range experienced a minimum of 7.2 km of exhumation since ca. 12 Ma. The new data, when evaluated within the context of published fault timing data, suggest that the transition from Basin and Range extension to dextral transtension is spatially and temporally distinct, beginning at ca. 11–8 Ma in ranges to the east and north of the Black Mountains and migrating westward into eastern Death Valley at 6 Ma. Initiation of dextral transtension was coincident with a major change in plate-boundary relative motion vectors. Data from Panamint Range and several ranges to the west of Death Valley indicate transtension initiated over a large area at ca. 3–4 Ma, coeval with proposed lithospheric delamination in the central and southern Sierra Nevada Range. Our results suggest that the transition from extension to dextral transtension may reflect an evolution in tectonic drivers, from plate-boundary kinematics to intraplate lithospheric delamination.

Late Cenozoic sedimentation and volcanism during transtensional deformation in Wingate Wash and the Owlshead Mountains, Death Valley

New 1 : 24,000 scale mapping, geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks, and Ar/Ar and tephrochronology analyses of the Wingate Wash, northern Owlshead Mountain and Southern Panamint Mountain region document a complex structural history constrained by syntectonic volcanism and sedimentation. In this study, the region is divided into five structural domains with distinct, but related, histories: (1) The southern Panamint domain is a structurally intact, gently south-tilted block dominated by a middle Miocene volcanic center recognized as localized hypabyssal intrusives surrounded by proximal facies pyroclastic rocks. This Miocene volcanic sequence is an unusual alkaline volcanic assemblage ranging from trachybasalt to rhyolite, but dominated by trachyandesite. The volcanic rocks are overlain in the southwestern Panamint Mountains by a younger (Late Miocene?) fanglomerate sequence. (2) An upper Wingate Wash domain is characterized by large areas of Quaternary cover and complex overprinting of older structure by Quaternary deformation. Quaternary structures record ∼N–S shortening concurrent with ∼E–W extension accommodated by systems of strike-slip and thrust faults. (3) A central Wingate Wash domain contains a complex structural history that is closely tied to the stratigraphic evolution. In this domain, a middle Miocene volcanic package contains two distinct assemblages; a lower sequence dominated by alkaline pyroclastic rocks similar to the southern Panamint sequence and an upper basaltic sequence of alkaline basalt and basanites. This volcanic sequence is in turn overlain by a coarse clastic sedimentary sequence that records the unroofing of adjacent ranges and development of ∼N–S trending, west-tilted fault blocks. We refer to this sedimentary sequence as the Lost Lake assemblage. (4) The lower Wingate Wash/northern Owlshead domain is characterized by a gently north-dipping stratigraphic sequence with an irregular unconformity at the base developed on granitic basement. The unconformity is locally overlain by channelized deposits of older Tertiary(?) red conglomerate, some of which predate the onset of extensive volcanism, but in most of the area is overlain by a moderately thick package of Middle Miocene trachybasalt, trachyandesitic, ash flows, lithic tuff, basaltic cinder, basanites, and dacitic pyroclastic, debris, and lahar flows with localized exposures of sedimentary rocks. The upper part of the Miocene stratigraphic sequence in this domain is comprised of coarse grained-clastic sediments that are apparently middle Miocene based on Ar/Ar dating of interbedded volcanic rocks. This sedimentary sequence, however, is lithologically indistinguishable from the structurally adjacent Late Miocene Lost Lake assemblage and a stratigraphically overlying Plio-Pleistocene alluvial fan; a relationship that handicaps tracing structures through this domain. This domain is also structurally complex and deformed by a series of northwest–southeast-striking, east-dipping, high-angle oblique, sinistral, normal faults that are cut by left-lateral strike-slip faults. The contact between the southern Panamint domain and the adjacent domains is a complex fault system that we interpret as a zone of Late Miocene distributed sinistral slip that is variably overprinted in different portions of the mapped area. The net sinistral slip across the Wingate Wash fault system is estimated at 7–9 km, based on offset of Proterozoic Crystal Springs Formation beneath the middle Miocene unconformity to as much as 15 km based on offset volcanic facies in Middle Miocene rocks. To the south of Wingate Wash, the northern Owlshead Mountains are also cut by a sinistral, northwest-dipping, oblique normal fault, (referred to as the Filtonny Fault) with significant slip that separates the Lower Wingate Wash and central Owlshead domains. The Filtonny Fault may represent a young conjugate fault to the dextral Southern Death Valley fault system and may be the northwest-dipping fault imaged by COCORP studies. Similarly, younger deformation in upper Wingate Wash is probably broadly related to distributed dextral shear along the Panamint Valley fault system. Earlier deformation (Late Miocene?) is more difficult to constrain because of overprinting but appears to be dominated by an E–W extension recognized by a NNW-striking, northeast-dipping, sinistral-oblique normal faults, ∼N–S striking normal faults that splay in the northern Owlshead Mountains and include the large west-tilted fault blocks of the northern Owlshead Mountains.

Assessing vertical axis rotations in large‐magnitude extensional settings: A transect across the Death Valley extended terrane, California

Models for Neogene crustal deformation in the central Death Valley extended terrane, southeastern California, differ markedly in their estimates of upper crustal extension versus shear translations. Documentation of vertical axis rotations of range‐scale crustal blocks (or parts thereof) is critical when attempting to reconstruct this highly extended region. To better define the magnitude, aerial extent, and timing of vertical axis rotation that could mark shear translation of the crust in this area, paleomagnetic data were obtained from Tertiary igneous and remagnetized Paleozoic carbonate rocks along a roughly east‐west traverse parallel to about 36°N latitude. Sites were established in ∼7 to 5 Ma volcanic sequences (Greenwater Canyon and Brown's Peak) and the ∼10 Ma Chocolate Sundae Mountain granite in the Greenwater Range, ∼8.5 to 7.5 Ma and 5 to 4 Ma basalts on the east flank of the Black Mountains, the 10.6 Ma Little Chief stock and upper Miocene(?) basalts in the eastern Panamint Mountains, and Paleozoic Pogonip Group carbonate strata in the north central Panamint Mountains. At the site level, most materials yield readily interpretable paleomagnetic data. Group mean directions, after appropriate structural corrections, suggest no major vertical axis rotation of the Greenwater Range (e.g., D = 359°, I = 46°, α95 = 8.0°, N = 12 (7 normal (N), 5 reversed (R) polarity sites)), little post‐5 Ma rotation of the eastern Black Mountains (e.g., D = 006°, I = 61°, α95 = 4.0°, N = 9 N, 6 R sites), and no significant post‐10 Ma rotation of the Panamint Range (e.g., D = 181°, I = −51°, α95 = 6.5°, N = 9 R sites). In situ data from the Greenwater Canyon volcanic rocks, Chocolate Sundae Mountain granite, Funeral Peak basalt rocks, the Little Chief stock, and Paleozoic carbonate rocks (remagnetized) are consistent with moderate south east‐side‐down tilting of the separate range blocks during northwest directed extension. The paleomagnetic data reported here suggest that the Panamints shared none of the 7 Ma to recent clockwise rotation of the Black Mountains crystalline core, as proposed in recent models for transtensional development of the central Death Valley extended terrane.

Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Extensional Collapse and Disaggregation of the Southernmost Sierra Nevada Batholith

Geobarometric studies have documented that most of the metasedimentary wall rocks and plutons presently exposed in the southernmost Sierra Nevada batholith south of the Lake Isabella area were metamorphosed and emplaced at crustal levels significantly deeper (∼15 to 30 km) than the batholithic rocks exposed to the north (depths of ∼3 to 15 km). Field and geophysical studies have suggested that much of the southernmost part of the batholith is underlain along low-angle faults by the Rand Schist. The schist is composed mostly of metagraywacke that has been metamorphosed at relatively high pressures and moderate temperatures. NNW-trending compositional, age, and isotopic boundaries in the plutonic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada appear to be deflected westward in the southernmost part of the batholith. Based on these observations, in conjunction with the implicit assumption that the Sierra Nevada batholith formerly continued unbroken south of the Garlock fault, previous studies have inferred that the batholith was tectonically disrupted following its emplacement during the Cretaceous. Hypotheses to account for this disruption include intraplate oroctinal bending, W-vergent overthrusting, and gravitational collapse of overthickened crust. In this paper, new geologic data from the eastern Tehachapi Mountains, located adjacent to and north of the Garlock fault in the southernmost Sierra Nevada, are integrated with data from previous geologic studies in the region into a new view of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene tectonic evolution of the region. The thesis of this paper is that part of the southernmost Sierra Nevada batholith was unroofed by extensional faulting in Late Cretaceous-Paleocene time. Unroofing occurred along a regional system of low-angle detachment faults. Remnants of the upper-plate rocks today are scattered across the southern Sierra Nevada region, from the Rand Mountains west to the San Emigdio Mountains, and across the San Andreas fault to the northern Salinian block. Batholithic rocks in the upper plates of the Blackburn Canyon fault of the eastern Tehachapi Mountains, low-angle faults in the Rand Mountains and southeastern Sierra Nevada, and the Pastoria fault of the western Tehachapi Mountains are inferred to have been removed from a position structurally above rocks exposed in the southeastern Sierra Nevada and transported to their present locations along low-angle detachment faults. Some of the granitic and metamorphic rocks in the northern part of the Salinian block are suggested to have originated from a position structurally above deep-level rocks of the southwestern Sierra Nevada. The Paleocene-lower Eocene Goler Formation of the El Paso Mountains and the post-Late Cretaceous to pre-lower Miocene Witnet Formation in the southernmost Sierra Nevada are hypothesized to have been deposited in supradetachment basins that formed adjacent to some of the detachment faults. Regional age constraints for this inferred tectonic unroofing and disaggregation of the southern Sierra Nevada batholith suggest that it occurred between ∼90 to 85 Ma and ∼55 to 50 Ma. Upper-plate rocks of the detachment system appear to have been rotated clockwise by as much as 90° based on differences in the orientation of foliation and contacts between inferred correlative hanging-wall and footwall rocks. Transport of the upper-plate rocks is proposed to have occurred in two stages. First, the upper crust in the southern Sierra Nevada extended in a south to southeast direction, and second, the allochthonous rocks were carried westward at the latitude of the Mojave Desert by a mechanism that may include W-vergent faulting and/or oroclinal bending. The Late Cretaceous NNW extension of the upper crust in the southernmost Sierra Nevada postulated in this study is similar to Late Cretaceous, generally NW-directed, crustal extension that has been recognized to the northeast in the Funeral, Panamint, and Inyo mountains by others. Extensional collapse of the upper crust in the southern Sierra Nevada batholith may be closely linked to the emplacement of Rand Schist beneath the batholith during Late Cretaceous time, as has been suggested in previous studies.

Zoning patterns and petrologic processes in peraluminous magma chambers: Hall Canyon pluton, Panamint Mountains, California

Zoning patterns of mineral, rock, and isotopic compositions in the Hall Canyon pluton in southeastern California are used to determine and discuss the petrologic processes that operate in magma chambers that solidify to form peraluminous plutons. The pluton is biotite-muscovite granodiorite at lower levels and grades to a 150-m-thick upper zone of muscovite granite, capped by a 10- to 20-m-thick zone of pegmatite, aplite, and quartz veins at the roof of the pluton. Mineral and whole-rock compositions are essentially homogeneous in the >600 m of exposed lower zone, whereas the thinner upper zone/roof zone is systematically zoned to more evolved compositions roofward. Compositions of garnet, plagioclase, and muscovite in the upper zone/roof zone track bulk-rock compositions and, in the case of muscovite, range beyond those that have generally been considered magmatic, suggesting that compositional criteria for distinguishing magmatic from secondary muscovite cannot be drawn without consideration of bulk-rock composition. Initial ϵ Nd values of −18 to −19 for the pluton indicate that the magma sources were entirely intracrustal and lower Proterozoic in age. The lower zone could represent melt formed by dehydration melting of a biotite-rich metaigneous or metapsammitic source rock. Upper zone/roof zone rocks are too evolved to have been unmodified crustal melts. Even the least evolved was a product of fractional crystallization, and further in situ fractionation of the upper zone/roof zone produced compositional zoning that defines whole-rock Sr and Nd isochron ages of ca. 72 Ma. Slight differences in initial isotopic ratios indicate that lower zone magma and magma parental to the upper zone/roof zone were derived from different source rocks and remained separate during most of the subsequent fractionation of the upper zone/roof zone. Melt separation was inefficient, leaving behind melt-rich mushes that formed rocks that do not bear strong chemical signatures of being cumulate rocks. We suggest that the upper zone/roof zone was static while it fractionated by loss of residual liquid upward, whereas the thicker lower zone may have been capable of convection that stirred the magma as it crystallized, preventing it from becoming zoned. Late in the crystallization of the pluton, meter-scale layering of the granite formed when biotite muscovite granitic magma was injected as sills into the partly crystalline margin of the chamber near the upper zone–lower zone boundary. We suggest that peraluminous plutons are more heterogeneous isotopically and usually have less regular zoning patterns than metaluminous plutons, because the small effective heights of the magma bodies inhibit convection. This results, in part, from the sill-like form of many peraluminous plutons, but also from melt production rates in zones of purely intracrustal melting that are so low that there is significant cooling of magma in a chamber between arrival of successive melt batches. If resident magma has crystallized to the point of “lock-up,” it cannot mix with new arrivals and does not contribute to the height of magma capable of convection. Systems in which melting is largely the result of advection of heat by mantle-derived basalt might be expected to have larger magma supply rates, because the volume of partial melt produced is not so strictly limited by the abundance of hydrous phases and by the approach of quartz and feldspar to cotectic proportions in the source, and because some of the mafic magma is incorporated into the chamber. Convection would be favored by the resulting greater thickness of magma capable of flow.

Carbon isotope exchange during polymetamorphism in the Panamint Mountains, California, USA

Carbon isotope fractionations between calcite and graphite in the Panamint Mountains, California, USA, demonstrate the importance of mass balance on carbon isotope values in metamorphosed carbon‐bearing minerals while recording the thermal conditions during peak regional metamorphism. Interbedded graphitic marbles and graphitic calcareous schists in the Kingston Peak Formation define distinct populations on a δ13C(gr)–δ13C(cc) diagram. The δ13C values of both graphite and calcite in the marbles are higher than the values of the respective minerals in the schists. δ13C values in both rock types were controlled by the relative proportions of the carbon‐bearing minerals: calcite, the dominant carbon reservoir in the marble, largely controlled the δ13C values in this lithology, whereas the δ13C values in the schists were largely controlled by the dominant graphite. This is in contrast to graphite‐poor calcsilicate systems where carbon isotope shifts in carbonate minerals are controlled by decarbonation reactions.The marbles record a peak temperature of 531±30 °C of a Jurassic low‐pressure regional metamorphic event above the tremolite isograd. In the schists there is a much wider range of recorded temperatures. However, there is a mode of temperatures at c. 435 °C, which approximately corresponds to the temperatures of the principal decarbonation metamorphic reactions in the schists, suggesting that the carbon exchange was set by loss of calcite and armouring of graphite by newly formed silicate minerals. The armouring may explain the relatively large spread of apparent temperatures. Although the modal temperature also corresponds to the approximate temperature of the Cretaceous retrograde event, retrograde exchange is thought less likely due to very slow exchange rates involving well‐crystallized graphite, armouring of graphite by silicates during the earlier event, and because of other barriers to retrograde carbon exchange. Thus, only the calcite–graphite carbon isotope fractionations recorded by the marbles demonstrate the high‐temperature conditions of the low‐pressure Jurassic metamorphic event that was associated with the emplacement of granitic plutons to the west of the Panamint Mountains.

Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Death Valley extended region: Evidence from Miocene large rock-avalanche deposits in the Amargosa Chaos Basin, California

Large rock-avalanche deposits are extremely useful tools in paleogeographic and tectonic reconstructions. These deposits are large (>0.1 km3), semicoherent snapshots of source area that were emplaced instantaneously in a sedimentary basin. A rock-avalanche deposit with a known age in a sedimentary basin requires the restoration of that basin to a position adjacent to the rock- avalanche source area at the time of emplacement. The Miocene sedimentary section of the Amargosa Chaos and Sperry Hills basins in the southern Death Valley region contains deposits of large rock-avalanches from both spatially and temporally separated source terranes. The rock-avalanche deposits in the Amargosa Chaos basin require the restoration of the basin to within 10 km of the Kingston Range prior to 7.8 Ma. West-derived alluvial fan sediments in this basin can be confidently tied to the southern Panamint Mountains, with early east-derived alluvial fan sediments (pre-7.8 Ma) tied to the Kingston Range. Moreover, the pre-7.8 Ma stratigraphy of the Amargosa Chaos basin is equivalent to the pre-7.8 Ma stratigraphy of the Miocene sedimentary section in the Sperry Hills. Prior to ∼7.8 Ma, the Amargosa Chaos and Sperry Hills basins were both parts of a larger sedimentary basin. Sedimentologic constraints on the geometry of the Amargosa Chaos basin indicate that throughout its history it was a half-graben opening along a west-dipping normal fault with substantial vertical relief in the uplifted footwall. Evidence for this topography exists in the form of multiple large rock-avalanche deposits derived from footwall bedrock. The axis of this basin trends northwest with the active basin-bounding normal fault on the northeast margin. At ∼7.8 Ma, the extension direction in the southern Death Valley region changed from southwest to northwest. Younger sediments, including three younger rock-avalanche deposits, record the motion of the Amargosa Chaos basin away from the Sperry Hills basin. Top-to-the-northwest displacement of 30 km along the Amargosa detachment system is required between 7.8 Ma and 4.9 Ma between the Sperry Hills basin and the location of Amargosa Chaos basin in the southern Black Mountains. Continued, post-4.9 Ma, northwest- directed extension is required between the Amargosa Chaos basin and the southern Panamint Mountains. In addition, 15 km of right-lateral slip on the southern portion of the Grand View fault is required from 7.8 to 3 Ma to move the Sperry Hills basin away from its pre-7.8 Ma position adjacent to the Kingston Range.

The Lithostratigraphy of the Middle to Upper Devonian Lost Burro Formation in the Panamint Mountains

The Lithostratigraphy of the Middle to Upper Devonian Lost Burro Formation in the Panamint Mountains

Evolution of extensional basins and basin and range topography west of Death Valley, California

Neogene extension in the Death Valley region, SE California, has produced a variety of sedimentary basins. Diachronous movements on an array of strike‐slip and normal fault systems have resulted in the uplift and preservation of older basins in modern ranges. One of the best exposed of these is the Nova basin on the western flank of the Panamint Mountains. The Nova basin includes over 2000 m of sedimentary and volcanic rocks deposited during denudation of the Panamint Mountains metamorphic core complex in late Miocene (?) – early Pliocene time. The principal growth structure for the basin was the Emigrant detachment, which initiated and moved at a low angle. Modern Panamint Valley, west of the range, developed as a consequence of Late Pliocene ‐ Recent, kinematically linked movement on the right‐slip, high‐angle Hunter Mountain fault zone and the low‐angle Panamint Valley detachment. Detailed mapping of the intersection between the Emigrant and Panamint Valley detachments demonstrates that segments of the earlier system remained active during development of Panamint Valley and, thus, during development of modern Basin and Range topography as well. These results indicate that large‐scale extension in the Death Valley region, accommodated by movement on low‐ to moderate‐angle normal fault systems and high‐angle strike‐slip fault systems, is a continuing process. Basin and Range topography in the Panamint Valley ‐ Death Valley area was generated at least in part by displacements on low‐angle detachments rather than high‐angle normal faults.

Dynamics of Mojave Desert Shrub Assemblages in the Panamint Mountains, California

We studied shrub communities in the Panamint Mountains of the Mojave Desert to determine whether vegetational changes after disturbance can be characterized as succession according to modern successional theory. We found, on a variety of disturbed and undisturbed sites, that the rate of change was a function of the type and age of disturbance. Recent debris—flow deposits were colonized by shrub assemblages of different species composition than those on the surrounding, older debris—flow deposits and other geomorphically stable surfaces. Colonization of human—disturbed sites was highly variable, but species compositions were different from the predisturbance species composition. In Grayia—Lycium assemblages, Grayia spinosa reasserted its dominance over colonizers relatively quickly. In Coleogyne assemblages, typically found on older geomorphic surfaces, species composition differences persisted considerably longer, depending on the severity of the initial disturbance. Extremely stable assemblages, dominated by Coleogyne ramosissima, occurred on the oldest, least disturbed surfaces. The variability of species composition among disturbed sites was greater than the variability among undisturbed and geomorphically stable sites, in accord with convergent succession. Models of desert succession should consider several factors: (1) colonization is dependent largely on the severity of disturbances and residual biotic components; (2) the time span for recovery may be longer than past periods of climatic and geomorphic stability; and (3) colonizing species may have considerable range in their life—history strategies.

The Garnet+Hornblende Isograd in Calcic Schists from an Andalusite-Type Regional Metamorphic Terrain, Panamint Mountains, California

The Garnet+Hornblende Isograd in Calcic Schists from an Andalusite-Type Regional Metamorphic Terrain, Panamint Mountains, California

Polymetamorphism in the Panamint Mountains, California: A 39AR‐40AR study

Metamorphosed upper Precambrian rocks in the Panamint Mountains show textural evidence for polymetamorphism. Previous isotopic studies have established the age of metamorphism as middle to late Mesozoic. This study was undertaken to try to determine the ages of the two metamorphic events using the 39Ar‐40Ar stepwise degassing technique of the K‐Ar method on biotite, muscovite, and hornblende separates. The resulting spectra indicate that metamorphism occurred during the intervals 170–150 Ma ago and 80–70 Ma ago. Many analyses yield ambiguous results because of slow cooling following metamorphism, contamination of the separates by refractory phases containing extraneous argon, and in some cases, the superposition of the two metamorphic events. The ages of metamorphism correspond to periods of emplacement of granitic rocks in the vicinity of the Panamint Mountains, suggesting that the high heat flux responsible for metamorphism was associated with the emplacement of the Sierra Nevada batholith. The ages of metamorphism and granite emplacement are diachronous with the development of major thrust faults in the western Great Basin, which suggests that metamorphism might have been triggered by the formation of nappes rather than causing the formation of nappes.

Variability in essential oils and needle resin canals of Pinus longaeva from Eastern California and Western Nevada in relation to other members of subsection Balfourianae

Mono- and sesquiterpenoids from wood and leaves of Pinus longaeva trees collected in various localities of eastern California and western Nevada were quantitatively analyzed by GLC. Concurrently the number and size of resin canals in foliage of the same trees and as well as Pinus aristata trees from Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico were determined. While some monoterpenes (mainly α-pinene and 3-carene) suggest that P. longaeva trees from the Panamint Mountains of California are P. aristata-like, the total chemical data and morphological data indicate that Panamint trees should be grouped with P. longaeva. A chemical latitudinal gradient is evidenced by the appearance of trees producing 3-carene in large amounts along the line joining the Panamint, Inyo and White Mountains of California. Pinus rzedowskii, well separated geographically and morphologically from the accepted members of subsection Balfourianae, is shown to be sufficiently distinct chemically, as to leave its suggested membership in the subsection an open question.

Petrology of an Andalusite-Type Regional Metamorphic Terrane, Panamint Mountains, California

Petrology of an Andalusite-Type Regional Metamorphic Terrane, Panamint Mountains, California

Spatial Variation in Transferrin Allele Frequencies among Herds of Feral Donkeys in Death Valley National Monument, California

Serum proteins were studied to clarify interrelationships of seemingly disjunct herds of feral donkeys ( Equus asinus ) in the mountains of Death Valley National Monument, California. Sera of 162 donkeys from five localities in the Panamint Mountains were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis to assess polymorphic variation in transferrins. Four homozygous and six heterozygous transferrin phenotypes controlled by four codominant, autosomal alleles were identified with Fe59 autoradiography. Significant interlocality heterogeneity in genotype distribution and allele frequency distribution among herds was demonstrated. The maximum distance between adjacent herds was 52 km and the minimum distance was 14 km. There are no major physical barriers to movements between herds; furthermore, donkeys are highly mobile animals capable of extensive travel. Behavioral isolation of adjacent herds occurs from May through July, during the peak of reproduction. This isolation is reinforced by fidelity of individuals to their respective home ranges, and to physiological dependence on permanent sources of water. Adjacent herds may overlap during winter when breeding and dependence on water sources are reduced.

Stratigraphy, Structure, and Metamorphism in the Central Panamint Mountains (Telescope Peak Quadrangle), Death Valley Area, California

Research Article| March 01, 1980 Stratigraphy, Structure, and Metamorphism in the Central Panamint Mountains (Telescope Peak Quadrangle), Death Valley Area, California Theodore C. Labotka; Theodore C. Labotka 1Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Arden L. Albee; Arden L. Albee 1Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Marvin A. Lanphere; Marvin A. Lanphere 2Branch of Isotope Geology, U.S. Geological Survey, 245 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. Douglas McDowell S. Douglas McDowell 3Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Michigan Technology University, Houghton, Michigan 49931 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1980) 91 (3_Part_II): 843–933. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-P2-91-843 Article history received: 19 Mar 1979 rev-recd: 08 Oct 1979 accepted: 24 Oct 1979 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Theodore C. Labotka, Arden L. Albee, Marvin A. Lanphere, S. Douglas McDowell; Stratigraphy, Structure, and Metamorphism in the Central Panamint Mountains (Telescope Peak Quadrangle), Death Valley Area, California. GSA Bulletin 1980;; 91 (3_Part_II): 843–933. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-P2-91-843 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The Telescope Peak quadrangle encompasses the central Panamint Mountains which form the western boundary of the central part of Death Valley, California (Fig. 1). The Panamint Mountains are a north-trending range with great relief. Telescope Peak, 11,049 ft about sea level, is the highest point, and it lies only about 25 km west of the lowest point in Death Valley, 282 ft below sea level. The lowest elevations within the quadrangle are in Panamint Valley about 1,040 ft above sea level. The topography is rugged along the east side of the range crest and along the western margin of the range. West-flowing streams are deeply incised near the western margin, but the canyons widen toward the divide, and the heads of many drainages occur in broad, high peaks.The climate in the Death Valley region is desert, and the vegetation at the lower elevations is sparse and is characterized by creosote, desert holly, and plants of the buckwheat family. The higher elevations of the Panamint Mountains receive substantial precipitation, and west-draining, spring-fed streams flow nearly year-round. Mesquite and willow grow in the canyons and near springs. At higher elevations, sagebrush, mountain mahogany, pinyon, juniper, limber pine, and bristle-cone pine grow. In general, the rugged topography, dry climate, and sparse vegetation allow good exposures of rock. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Stratigraphy, structure, and metamorphism in the central Panamint Mountains (Telescope Peak quadrangle), Death Valley area, California: Summary

Research Article| March 01, 1980 Stratigraphy, structure, and metamorphism in the central Panamint Mountains (Telescope Peak quadrangle), Death Valley area, California: Summary THEODORE C. LABOTKA; THEODORE C. LABOTKA 1Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 911254Present address: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar ARDEN L. ALBEE; ARDEN L. ALBEE 1Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar MARVIN A. LANPHERE; MARVIN A. LANPHERE 2Branch of Isotope Geology, U.S. Geological Survey, 245 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. DOUGLAS McDOWELL S. DOUGLAS McDOWELL 3Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1980) 91 (3): 125–129. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<125:SSAMIT>2.0.CO;2 Article history first online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation THEODORE C. LABOTKA, ARDEN L. ALBEE, MARVIN A. LANPHERE, S. DOUGLAS McDOWELL; Stratigraphy, structure, and metamorphism in the central Panamint Mountains (Telescope Peak quadrangle), Death Valley area, California: Summary. GSA Bulletin 1980;; 91 (3): 125–129. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<125:SSAMIT>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract No Abstract Available. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Albumin polymorphism in the feral donkey of Death Valley National Monument, California.

Evidence is presented for the occurrence of a second allele in the albumin system of the donkey (Equus asinus). Samples were collected from 127 feral donkeys in four locations within the Panamint Mountains of Death Valley National Monument, California. A common phenotype, electrophoretically characterized by a single band, was recorded from all four locations. A rare, double-band phenotype was recorded from two locations.

Nuts, Bones, and a Nesting of Red Crossbills in the Panamint Mountains, California

Journal Article Nuts, Bones, and A Nesting of Red Crossbills in The Panamint Mountains, California Get access Robert B. Payne Robert B. Payne Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Condor, Volume 74, Issue 4, 1 October 1972, Pages 485–486, https://doi.org/10.2307/1365913 Published: 01 October 1972 Article history Accepted: 08 October 1971 Published: 01 October 1972