Palygorskite Clay Research Articles

Transitory rheological test as a tool to monitor nano-clay dispersion and distribution in polypropylene–palygorskite composites

The present study focuses on the rheological analysis of melted thermoplastic composites based on a matrix of polypropylene/maleated polypropylene and a nano-reinforcement of palygorskite clay (collected from an open mine in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico). This clay was purified and modified with a silane coupling agent (3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane). The composites were processed in a modular extruder fitted with a twin screw, which was configured to promote two different shear stress levels during processing. The composites were characterized in a rotational rheometer fitted with a parallel plate geometry. The maximum value of the overshoot demonstrated that the formulations containing 1% of silanized palygorskite presented the best rheological properties, particularly the formulation processed with lower shear stresses; this rheological response was related to the level of dispersion–distribution of the nano-clay in the molten polypropylene matrix. Similarly, with a clay content above 1%, the rheological properties decreased, due to the formation of clay agglomerates. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs were used to corroborate the degree of dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles.

Mesoporous silicate/carbon composites derived from dye-loaded palygorskite clay waste for efficient removal of organic contaminants

Palygorskite (Pal) is a natural abundant environment-friendly adsorbent that has shown high efficiency to decontaminate dye in water. However, the dye removal results in transformation of Pal to a very stable Maya Blue-like structure or waste Pal clay (WPal), which could not be easily regenerated by a commonly used desorption process. This paper presents a use of WPal as the precursor material to synthesize a highly-efficient mesoporous silicate/carbon composite adsorbent. The composite adsorbent has a large specific surface area (427.9 m2·g−1), a high negative potential (−40.6 mV) and a mesoporous size (3.48 nm). This adsorbent shows almost complete removal of tetracycline (TC), crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) (initial concentration, 200 mg·L−1) with the optimal adsorption capacities of 319.8 mg·g−1, 244.4 mg·g−1 and 281.7 mg·g−1, respectively. The active -Si-O− adsorption sites produced by the breaking of inert Si-O-Si (or M) bonds and the electrostatic interactions of negatively charged adsorbents to adsorbates play a major role in the adsorption process. Adsorption capacities of the developed composite are significantly higher than that of Pal, WPal and hydrothermally treated WPal (HWPal). Results demonstrate that the composite adsorbents have high potential in decontamination of organics in water efficiently.

Hydrogen physisorption on palygorskite dehydrated channels: A van der Waals density functional study

The interaction between H2 molecules within the structure of microporous clays is an interesting topic, with applications including gas storage, nuclear waste containment, and geochemistry. Microporous clays exhibit an intricate atomic structure with different polar species able to interact with H2. However, despite its numerous implications, the binding mechanism of H2 has not been discussed in detail. In this work, a first-principles study of the structure, energetics, and chemical bonding of the H2 in palygorskite clay is addressed. Total energy calculations including van der Waals interactions shown that, depending on water content, the structural channels of palygorskite clays offer different possibilities for the adsorption of H2. The calculated binding energies range between 6 and 24 kJ/mol. The larger H2 binding affinity corresponds to the case where the Mg2+ nearest to the inner surface of the palygorskite channel is exposed due to a partial loss of coordination water. The analysis of net atomic charges predicts a slight charge transfer from H2 to Mg2+. Electronic structure and overlap population analysis reveal orbital interactions between the 3s and 3p states of Mg2+ with the σ orbitals of the H2 molecule, explaining the charge transfer and large binding energy in this system (24 kJ/mol). In contrast, Al3+ does not induce charge transfer from H2, while dispersion forces and electrostatic interactions dominate the binding mechanism. The results of the present study suggest that the controlled dehydration of coordinated water in Mg-rich palygorskite is a potential route to the creation of microporous materials with enhanced gas adsorption.

Novel application for palygorskite clay mineral: a kinetic and thermodynamic assessment of diesel fuel desulfurization

Palygorskite (Pal) is a low-cost clay mineral material and was investigated in this study as a novel material for adsorptive desulfurization of petroleum refining fractions from the Clara Camarao Potiguar Refinery (RPCC) in Brazil. This clay mineral was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, zeta potential ($$\zeta$$) and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm analyses. Palygorskite textural properties (specific surface area 156 m2 g−1, total pore volume 0.36 cm3 g−1) and specific surface chemistry activity with several metals were crucial to efficient adsorption, proposing that an interaction between adsorbate/adsorbent involves π-complexation mainly with Fe species. This material was used in raw and thermally activated forms to evaluate the adsorption capacity. Several kinetic and equilibrium models were used to assess the experimental data. The results showed high correlation to the pseudo-second order kinetic model for both adsorbents (R2 > 0.99), suggesting a chemisorption process as the determining step. Isotherm data were used to evaluate the equilibrium experimental data. Maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.97) was 6.25 mg g−1 for raw-Pal at 318 K. The adsorption thermodynamic assessment of S-compounds indicated an endothermic process, and there was consequently an increase in spontaneity at higher temperatures. The adsorbent raw-Pal displayed good potential in the adsorption of sulfur compounds in real diesel fuel. Palygorskite stands out for being an abundant clay mineral in nature, environmentally safe, and with high possibility of its applications in adsorption and catalysis processes.

Zircon in sak lu'um: Evidence of multiple Eocene silicic tephra layers as palygorskite precursors in the Yucatán peninsula, Mexico

The provenance and nature of palygorskite clay used by Mayas for the creation of the outstanding Maya Blue pigment and pottery in the Yucatán peninsula has not been analyzed thoroughly. Especially the hypothesis of palygorskite being a diagenetic product of volcanic glass has remained uncertain. Here, we present a detailed study of zircon extracted from palygorskite-rich materials (sak lu'um) collected in the interior of the Sacalum cenote and near Chapab village, to evaluate the potential of zircon as an indicator mineral for tephra-derived palygorskite or clay-rich deposits intercalated with carbonate rocks. U-Pb zircon geochronology and correlative trace element analyses from stratigraphically different palygorskite-rich horizons indicate a restricted Eocene age range, which is coeval to the deposition of the host carbonates, and discrete airborne emplacement events of silicic tephra into warm and shallow waters at ca. 50 Ma and 41 Ma, likely derived from volcanoes in a continental magmatic arc. Our findings also indicate that palygorskite deposits in the Yucatán peninsula are not inherited from continental sources but rather formed in-situ partly from weathering of volcanic glass that sourced Si and Al required for palygorskite formation.

Biosurfactant-modified palygorskite clay as solid-stabilizers for effective oil spill dispersion

An effective and conventional remediation technique in marine oil spills is to apply chemical dispersants to emulsify oil slicks into small oil droplets. Still, the potential hazards of chemical dispersants onto the marine ecosystem have motivated the research for environmentally friendly alternative while keeping exceptional dispersion ability. Here, we showed that the mixture of palygorskite (PAL) and rhamnolipid (Rha) formed a biocompatible alternative to synthetic surfactants used for oil spill dispersion. The oil droplets dispersed by R-PAL presented a small average size and long-term stability, which illustrated the synergistic interactions between Rha and PAL acting as an efficient dispersant in artificial sea water (ASW). Due to the strong flocculation caused by high salinity, PAL alone was not effective emulsifiers in ASW. A small amount of Rha could played a major role in modifying the surface characteristics of PAL and decreasing oil-water interfacial tension. Therefore, PAL particles irreversibly adsorbed onto the oil-ASW interface and formed a rigid interfacial film around oil droplets in the presence of Rha, which offered an efficient barrier to droplet coalescence. The synergistic interactions between PAL and Rha could enable the dispersion of tetradecane in ASW. Such a functionality was further tested in dispersing crude oil in ASW. The study presents a new strategy of using a mixture of PAL and Rha for oil dispersion, thus providing an ecofriendly alternative to conventional dispersants.

On the key role of the surface of palygorskite nanofibers in the stabilization of hexagonal metastable β-Ag2CO3 phase in palygorskite-based nanocomposites

This study reports an original remarkable effect of fibrous palygorskite clay mineral in the stabilization at the ambient temperature of the metastable hexagonal β-phase of Ag2CO3 along with the stable monoclinic one (m-Ag2CO3) and the refinement of their particles size (≈5–10 nm). These structural and microstructural features likely arise owing to heterogeneous nucleation induced by the surface of palygorskite fibers between CO32– anions in solution and Ag+ exchanged palygorskite (Ag+-Pal) as reactants kept maturing for short periods, which should not exceed 1 h. Besides, the phase composition of Ag2CO3 supported on palygorskite, namely β- and m-structures can be monitored by carrying on appropriate low temperature treatments under CO2 atmosphere coupled with aging during several months in such a way that either pure β or m single-phases as well as biphased mixtures with controlled composition can be obtained. Taking into account experimental results and literature data, a growth mechanism is discussed.

Dolomite dissolution: An alternative diagenetic pathway for the formation of palygorskite clay

AbstractPalygorskite is a fibrous, magnesium‐bearing clay mineral commonly associated with Late Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic dolomites. The presence of palygorskite is thought to be indicative of warm, alkaline fluids rich in Si, Al and Mg. Palygorskite has been interpreted to form in peritidal diagenetic environments, either as a replacement of detrital smectite clay during a dissolution–precipitation reaction or solid‐state transformation, or as a direct precipitate from solution. Despite a lack of evidence, most diagenetic studies involving these two minerals posit that dolomite and palygorskite form concurrently. Here, petrological evidence is presented from the Umm er Radhuma Formation (Palaeocene–Eocene) in the subsurface of central Qatar for an alternative pathway for palygorskite formation. The Umm er Radhuma is comprised of dolomitized subtidal to peritidal carbonate cycles that are commonly capped by centimetre‐scale beds rich in palygorskite. Thin section, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analyses demonstrate that palygorskite fibres formed on both the outermost surfaces of dissolved euhedral dolomite crystals and within partially to completely dissolved dolomite crystal cores. These observations suggest that dolomite and palygorskite formed sequentially, and support a model by which the release of Mg2+ ions and the buffering of solution pH during dolomite dissolution promote the formation of palygorskite. This new diagenetic model explains the co‐occurrence of palygorskite and dolomite in the rock record, and provides valuable insight into the specific diagenetic conditions under which these minerals may form.

АКТИВАЦІЯ АЗОТНОЮ ТА ГУМІНОВИМИ КИСЛОТАМИ АЛЮМОСИЛІКАТІВ ДЛЯ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ АДСОРБЦІЇ ТРИТІЮ З ВОДНИХ РОЗЧИНІВ

The urgent problem of protecting the environment from the impact of enterprises of the fuel nuclear power complex is the search for effective means to localize tritium from industrial wastewater. In the practice of preventing environmental pollution with industrial waste, mineral adsorbents, among which a significant place is occupied by bentonite (that is, montmorillonite) and palygorskite clays and minerals from the group of zeolites (clinoptilolites and others) are widely used. To increase the adsorption capacity of mineral adsorbents, various methods for their activation are being developed. To assess the effectiveness of the activation of the adsorption capacity of such mineral adsorbents on the removal of tritium from aqueous solutions, a series of experiments was performed, where nitric and humic acids were used as activators. As a result of the work performed, it was found that acid activation increases the removal of tritium from aqueous solutions by 6% in montmorillonite and 52% in palygorskite. A further modification with humic acid, respectively, increases the removal of tritium from aqueous solutions by montmorillonite by an additional 33% (39% in total) and in palygorskite by 16% (68% in total). Activation of clinoptilolite by nitric and humic acids was not effective in increasing the extraction of tritium from aqueous solutions.

Structure and Properties of Polyamide 11 Nanocomposites Filled with Fibrous Palygorskite Clay

Structure and Properties of Polyamide 11 Nanocomposites Filled with Fibrous Palygorskite Clay

Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotic using new calcite/titania nanocomposites

A new efficient photocatalyst consisting of Calcite/TiO2 system was synthesized using Sol-Gel process and applied to the degradation of tetracycline antibiotic (TC). The CAL/TiO2 system at various TiO2 content was characterized using XRD, ATR, BET, SEM-EDX and TGA techniques. Photocatalytic activities of synthesized materials were evaluated through TC degradation under UV-light in aqueous solution. The results indicate that the raw material consists mostly on calcite carbonate and palygorskite clay, while TiO2 crystallized mostly in anatase phase. The specific surface area increases from 26 to 130 m2. g−1 with the content of TiO2. TiO2 nanoparticles are distributed between the pores of palygorskite clay and its surface. While all CAL/TiO2 configurations were active toward the degradation of TC molecules, CAL30 composites give the best results. The photocatalytic process was optimized according to the catalyst content, TC initial concentration, pH of the solution and the irradiance type. A content of 1.5 g.L−1 of the catalyst, 50 mg.L−1 of TC, and pH≈7 are the best conditions for effective TC removal under UV-light. When the photocatalytic system reached 90% of TC removal, the TOC attained 50%.

A new route to fabricate high-efficient porous silicate adsorbents by simultaneous inorganic-organic functionalization of low-grade palygorskite clay for removal of Congo red

Abstract A series of porous quaternized silicate (QS) adsorbents with superior adsorption capabilities for anionic dye Congo Red (CR) were prepared by synchronous inorganic and organic functionalization of natural low-grade palygorskite (Pal) via a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. The Pal and its associated minerals were restructured as new porous silicate adsorbents under the action of the inorganic salts of sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate, and simultaneously the quaternary ammonium groups were in-situ introduced into the silicates using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) as donors of quaternary ammonium groups. The adsorption capacities of the QS adsorbents enhanced as the increment of quaternization degree until equilibrium is reached. The silicate adsorbents with the organification degree of 16.46% (for CTA-QS-1.2) and 13.32% (for DTA-QS-1.2) showed the best adsorption capacities of 664.29 ± 3.92 mg/g and 684.01 ± 8.50 mg/g for CR, respectively, which are far away higher than that of raw Pal (51.22 ± 2.85 mg/g), the magnesium silicate adsorbents without quaternization (78.69 ± 0.54 mg/g), and the CTAB-modified Pal prepared by commonly used method (145.10 ± 3.61 mg/g). The fitting results of thermodynamics and kinetic models revealed that the adsorption process of the silicate adsorbents for CR obeys Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models very well, which suggests a chemical interaction and multilayer adsorption mechanism. In addition, the electrostatic attraction and hydrogen-bonding interaction contribute more to the adsorption capability than specific surface area. This paper provides a new route to fabricate high-efficient silicate adsorbent by restructure of naturally abundant low-cost Pal clay for deep decontamination of anionic dye-polluted water.

A comparative study of different natural palygorskite clays for fabricating cost-efficient and eco-friendly iron red composite pigments

A series of α-Fe2O3/palygorskite (α-Fe2O3/Pal) inorganic-inorganic composite pigments were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal process using six kinds of iron-rich natural palygorskite clays (Pal-c) with different structures, morphologies and compositions as starting materials. The effects of different natural Pal-c on the structure, chemical composition, color and stability of the as-prepared composite pigments were studied comparatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmittance electron microscope (TEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and CIE-L*a*b* colorimetric analyses. The results showed that the Fe(III) ions in the reaction solution can be converted into red α-Fe2O3 particles in situ on the Pal surface, without adding any chemical precipitant. Pal not only induce formation of α-Fe2O3 as a ‘green’ precipitant, but also effectively control the particle size of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles as a microreactor and prevent the aggregation of particles as a supporter. The chemical composition of natural Pal-c has a great influence on the L*, a*, b* values of the composite pigments, while the associated mineral types have little effect on the color values of the pigments. The optimal iron-red composite pigment mainly composed of 58.59% Fe2O3 and 35.11% SiO2 exhibits the best L* value of 31.1 and a* value of 33.4, which is superior to commercial iron red pigment (a* = 26.9). The red composite pigment exhibits excellent chemical stability and remains in a good red color after treatment with an acid solution, an alkaline solution, or an organic solvent. In addition, the red composite pigment can be well dispersed in ethanol or water, and can be uniformly sprayed onto the ceramic substrate and stably coated on it, and remains a vivid red color after calcinations at 1100 °C.

Formation of Palygorskite Clay from Treated Diatomite and its Application for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution

Environmental contamination by toxic heavy metals is a serious worldwide phenomenon. Thus, their removal is a crucial issue. In this study, we found an efficient adsorbent to remove Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution using two materials. Chemical modification was used to obtain palygorskite clay from diatomite. The adsorbents were characterized using X-ray florescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of contact time, initial concentration, temperature and pH on the adsorption process were investigated. Our results showed that the (%) of maximum adsorption capacity of diatomite was 78.44% for Cu2+ at pH 4 and 77.3% for Ni2+ at pH 7, while the (%) of the maximum adsorption on palygorskite reached 91% for Cu2+ and 87.05% for Ni2+, in the same condition. The results indicate that the pseudo-second-order model can describe the adsorption process. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms could be adopted by the Langmuir and the Freundlich models with good correlation coefficient (R2). Thus, our results showed that palygorskite prepared from Tunisian diatomite is a good adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from water.

Influence of the crystal structure of Ag2CO3 on the photocatalytic activity under visible light of Ag2CO3-Palygorskite nanocomposite material

In a companion paper, it has been demonstrated the remarkably beneficial effect of palygorskite clay (Pal) fibers as support material coupled to appropriate thermal treatments and aging under CO2 atmosphere in monitoring the phase composition of Ag2CO3-Pal composite. In this new nanocomposite material, the structure of the functional component Ag2CO3 can be controlled from 100% stable monoclinic (m) to 100% metastable hexagonal β through an adjusted mixture of m- and β-Ag2CO3. The present study deals with the assessment of the visible photocatalytic properties of these various nanocomposite materials towards the removal of Orange G dye from aqueous solutions. It was found that the Ag2CO3-Pal nanocomposite in which Ag2CO3 was single-phased and crystallized with the stable monoclinic structure was more active than the one crystallizing entirely with the metastable β-Ag2CO3 structure. Nevertheless, the composite material containing a mixture of both Ag2CO3 phases with a relative content of 32% of β- and 68% of m-phase was found to be the most photoactive compound of the series. This behavior reveals likely a synergetic effect between both phases in the photocatalytic degradation of the dye under visible light.

An insight into the comprehensive application of opal-palygorskite clay: Synthesis of 4A zeolite and uptake of Hg2+

Abstract To availably utilize opal-palygorskite clay, dry beneficiation technique was applied to separate opal and palygorskite clay. Based on separated opal from opal-palygorskite clay, 4A zeolite was successfully synthesized by using a hydrothermal method. Box-Behnken was used to optimize Na2O/SiO2, H2O/Na2O and SiO2/Al2O3 with cation exchange capacity (CEC) as the response value. The optimum parameters was determined to be Na2O/SiO2 = 1.0, H2O/Na2O = 40, and SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.0, and CEC got the maximum of 2.99 mmol/(g·dry zeolite) under the conditions. The as-obtained 4A zeolite was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TG), acid-base titration, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and then was applied to remove Hg2+ from aqueous solution. The maximum removal capacity of Hg2+ was 41.99 mg/g and adsorption equilibrium was obtained with contact time of 2 h. Effects of pH, ionic strength, temperatures, metal cations, strippant kinds and cycle times on removal behaviors of Hg2+ onto 4A zeolite were investigated by batch experiments. The kinetics and isotherms of Hg2+ adsorption fitted well by pseudo-second kinetic and Langmuir models. When Hg2+-adsorbed 4A zeolite was desorbed using 1 mol/L NaNO3 solution, the adsorption efficiency was maintained about 70% after four cycles.

Highly-effective phosphate removal from aqueous solutions by calcined nano-porous palygorskite matrix with embedded lanthanum hydroxide

Abstract Efficient phosphate removal from wastewater is critical for the safety of natural water bodies against eutrophication and for the replenishment of unrenewable phosphorus resources. In order to enhance phosphate capture efficiency and exploit raw clay for high value-added products, HPAL-LaOH was fabricated by embedding lanthanum hydroxide onto calcined nano-porous palygorskite clay through a simple-green hydrothermal method where the host palygorskite with cross-linked networks providing abundant binding sites for La(OH)3 incorporation, allowing the accessibility of phosphate for the adequate crystallization of lanthanum phosphate without triggering pore blockage. Excellent phosphate adsorption capacity (109.63 mg/g) was achieved by HPAL-LaOH, over 13 times higher than that of raw palygorskite, also much higher than commercial pure La(OH)3 (69.64 mg/g) in batch runs. Interestingly, for solutions below 100 mg/L in a wide pH range of 3–11, almost complete phosphate sequestration (

Improving the combustion efficiency of diesel fuel and lowering PM2.5 using palygorskite-based nanocomposite and removing Cd2+ by the residue

Abstract In this work, a nanocomposite (designated as HPAA) was fabricated using palygorskite clay (PC) modified by high energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation, aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and amino siliconoil (ASO), and used as an additive for diesel fuel (DF) to enhance combustion efficiency (CE). HPAA possessed a micro/nano network structure and could adsorb DF molecules on the surface of HPAA nanorods, which promoted the contact of DF with oxygen and thus effectively enhanced the CE of DF. Additionally, this technology could enlarge the diameter of flying ash (FA), decrease FA amount, and reduce harmful gases emission during the combustion, which potentially favored the reduction of PM2.5. After combustion, the residue, carbon nanoparticles wrapping on the surface of HPAA nanorods, was obtained and displayed a high removal capacity on cadmium ions (Cd2+) from aqueous solution. This work provides a promising approach to improve the utilization efficiency of DF in boilers, lower PM2.5, and meanwhile decrease Cd2+ contamination, which might have a high application potential in heating and power generation.

A multi-site mechanism model for studying Pb and Cu retention from aqueous solutions by Fe-Mg-rich clays

ABSTRACTThe retention mechanisms of metal ions during interaction of clay with metal-rich aqueous solutions is usually investigated by sorption isotherms. Although classical isotherm models may provide sufficient information about the characteristics of the solid–liquid system, they do not distinguish among the various retention mechanisms. This study presents a methodological approach of combining batch experiment data and geochemical modelling for the characterization of the interaction of Mg-Fe-rich clay materials with monometallic solutions of Pb and Cu. For this purpose, a palygorskite clay (PCM), an Fe-smectite clay (SCM) and a natural palygorskite-Fe-smectite mixed clay (MCM) were assessed for their effectiveness as metal ion sorbents. The sorption capacity of the materials follows the order MCM > SCM > PCM and ranges between 27.6–52.1 mg g–1for Pb and 7.7–17.6 mg g–1for Cu. Based on the experimental results that allowed the speciation calculations, fitting of sorption isotherms and the investigation of relationships between protons, Mg and the metals studied we suggest that a combination of sorption mechanisms occurs during the interaction of clay materials with metal solutions. These involve surface complexation, ion exchange and precipitation of solid compounds onto the solid surface. A three-term isotherm model was employed to quantify the role of each of the above mechanisms in the overall retention process. The superior performance of mixed clay among the materials tested is attributed to the synergetic effect of exchange in the interlayer and specific sorption on the clay edges.

Performance-based study on the rheological and hardened properties of blended cement mortars incorporating palygorskite clays and carbon nanotubes

In this performance-based study, the effect of palygorskite clays and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the rheological and hardened properties of a cement mortar and a blended mortar containing cement, fly ash and blast furnace slag were compared. Results showed that although the control cement mortar and control blended mortar exhibited similar rheological parameters, the additives had differing effects on each system. Palygorskite clays increased yield stress and static cohesion and decreased plastic viscosity in both systems but these effects were more marked in the cement mortar than in the blended. On the other hand, CNTs increased all measured rheological parameters in the cement mortar and decreased them in the blended. The rheological results highlighted the importance of considering the binder system when utilizing additives with exceptional surface properties like CNTs and palygorskite clays. In the hardened state, electrical resistivity, compressive strength, and tensile strength were evaluated. Results indicated that although the palygorskite clays are utilized primarily as a rheological modifier, they can also enhance mechanical properties.