Palm Sugar Production Research Articles

Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Produk Olahan Gula Aren Melalui Inovasi Kemasan dan Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Sebagai Strategi Pemasaran di Desa Aik Bual Kecamatan Kopang

Aik Bual village is located in Kopang sub-district, Central Lombok district. In this village, there are many palm trees that grow in gardens and forests. Most of the people use palm sugar to be processed into palm sugar. Palm sugar production by the Aik Bual community is carried out individually in their homes and there is also a joint business group (KUBE) that has been formed and already has a certificate from the village namely KUBE Salanumpang Aren. The aim of this program is to increase the added value of processed palm sugar products through packaging innovation and the use of social media as a marketing strategy. The method used is socialization, counseling, as well as training and assisting producers of palm sugar business groups. Furthermore, the socialization event took place at the Aik Bual Village Office, which was attended by a joint business group of Salanumpang Aren who are Aik Bual people as active actors in making palm sugar, while the activity was attended by parties from the village such as Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) and village officials. Through this program it is hoped that the community, especially KUBE Salanumpang Aren in Aik Bual Village, will be able to increase the added value of processed palm sugar products through packaging innovation and the use of social media as a marketing strategy in Aik Bual Village, Kopang sub-district.

The management model for sugar palm in educational forest of Universitas Hasanuddin

The Educational Forest of Hasanuddin University (Unhas-edfor) is an asset that must be utilizet optimally in order to support the utilization and management of forest resources over a wider area. The palm sugar species has long been cultivated from generation to generation by people at and around the forest, and is a source of income that is quite meaningful for them. This research aims to assess the potential of non-timber product, especially palm sugar product and formulate the management for sugar palm species and its product in Unhas-Edfor. The research method used is a field survey method and data analysis is using a qualitative analysis approach. The results of the study indicated that the palm sugar production in 3 vilages, that became the study location, namely Rompegading, Limampoccoe and Labuaja, was quite varied. The highest total net income was found in Moncongjai Hamlet (Rompegading Village) as much as IDR.28,935,000,- with a total production of 1,640 packages and the lowest in the Jambua Hamlet (Limampoccoe Village) as much as IDR.215,000,-with a total production of 50 packages. The total net income in each hamlet is different depending on the amount of processed sugar production which tends to vary and the number of farmers producing products from palm trees. The sustainability model for the development and management of sugar palm and its derivative products in the Unhas-edfor is carried out through community empowerment activities, the formation and strengthening of farmer group institutions together with the management of the Unhas-edfor, village and district governments, related agencies, and banks as owners capital in terms of cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest, to the processing and marketing of results so that sugar palm and its products provide optimal results.

Kearifan Lokal Petani Gula Aren Kecamatan Cijaku (Antara Tradisi dan Tuntutan Ekonomi)

Gula aren adalah komoditas terkenal dari Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Komoditas Gula Aren digunakan sebagai oleh-oleh dari daerah lain di Indonesia, dan diekspor melalui pasar dunia. Kehadiran bisnis produksi gula aren memberikan kontribusi ekonomi kepada masyarakat setempat. Produksi Gula Aren sebagian besar berkembang di Sobang, Malingping, Panggarangan, Cigemblong, Bayah, Ciharas, Cibeber, Muncang, Cimenga, Ciapus dan Cijaku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan kearifan lokal petani gula aren di Kecamatan Cijaku, Kabupaten Lebak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Historis empiris yang bersifat empiris obyektif, yaitu metode yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan implementasi Kearifan Lokal Petani Gula Aren di Kabupaten Cijaku, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan informan yang ditentukan secara sengaja. Bahwa Kearifan Lokal adalah tradisi turun-temurun yang melestarikannya dianggap sebagai nilai nenek moyang yang mulia. Kearifan lokal tidak boleh terkikis apalagi terhapus karena tuntutan ekonomi baik personal maupun regional.

Analisis Perilaku Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Pengrajin Gula Aren Di Kabupaten Lebak, Banten

The growth of palm sugar production in Lebak Regency as a center of palm sugar in Banten Province continues to show a positive trend so that it is an important source of income for many households in Lebak Regency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the household economic behavior of palm sugar farmers which included the outlay of working time of farmer household members, production and income and household consumption expenditure of palm sugar craftsmen in Lebak Regency. The research data used are primary and secondary data which are processed descriptively and quantitatively. Quantitative data is processed using a simultaneous equation model with the least squares method (2SLS). The outpouring of work on aren business is significantly affected by the number of sugar palm trees owned and the outpouring of work time on non-aren businesses. Job outpouring on non-aren business is significantly affected by income from non-aren business while other variables do not significantly influence. Variables that significantly influence palm sugar production are production costs and the number of sugar palm trees owned. While the outpouring of aren business work time has no significant effect on production.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Gula Semut Aren dan Jahe Instan di Desa Botosari, Paninggaran, Pekalongan

Palm sugar is one of the sweateners which is commonly found in Indonesia. People of Gunung Surat, Botosari Village, Paninggaran, Pekalongan Regency have traditionally produced palm sugar, but the palm sugar is still low quality and sold in bulk. This condition makes the selling value of palm sugar to be low. The aim of the training on making palm sugar and instan ginger beverage was to provide knowledge for the public about the diversification of palm sugar products with high selling value. The implementation of this training was to deliver material and practice of making products. The results of this training was the people of Gunung Surat, Botosari Village, especially members of the palm sugar IKM, know the process of making palm sugar and instant ginger beverage. Through making diversification of palm sugar products, it is expected to be able to increase the income and welfare of the local community.

ANALISIS KOMPARATIF PRODUKSI GULA AREN DAN GULA SEMUT DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE HAYAMI DI DESA DULAMAYO SELATAN

Palm sugar products, in general, is still a form of molds, but now there are innovations, to produce palm sugar or brown sugar. The purpose of this study is (1) to determine the production of palm sugar and palmsuiker; (2) to find out the added value of palm sugar into palm sugar and palmsuiker. Data were collected by using the method of observation at the field, and interview using questionnaires and documentation. Sampling using a purposive sampling method, namely, the whole population is palm sugar farmers in the village of Dulamayo Selatan and made a sample of 25 members of the Huyula Forest Farmers Group. Analysis of experimental data using analysis of production and methods Hayami. The results showed (1) Production of palm sugar in Huyula Forest Farmers Group production of palm sugar in one year as much as 9,300 kg with a total amount of revenue of Rp 279 million. (2) In the production process into sugar palm, the added value is Rp 4,500 each month with a ratio of 30 percent (the medium criteria). This ratio is low when compared with the ratio of the added value of palmsuiker Rp 19,500 each month with a ratio of 65 percent (the high criteria).

Socio-ecological perspective of local bio-resources based production system of palm sugar and palm flour from aren (Arenga pinnata): Case study of Sukaresmi Village, West Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract. Withaningsih S, Parikesit, Iskandar J, Putri R. 2019. Socio-ecological perspective of local bio-resources based production system of palm sugar and palm flour from aren (Arenga pinnata): Case study of Sukaresmi Village, West Bandung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 20: 1990-1997. The heterogeneity of landscapes, from a socio-ecology viewpoint, has resulted in the emergence of various systems of production for the same end products, which have developed with wide variations and distinctiveness and are based on the local availability of bio-resources. Even on landscapes with extreme biophysical and social conditions, various systems of production can still be encountered. Bio-resource-based systems generally exist on a small scale and in poorly-resourced communities. This study aimed to determine the use of local bio-resources and palm management techniques in different systems used for the production of palm sugar and palm flour. This study utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Primary data were collected using structured and semi-structured interviews, observations, and participants’ observations. The results showed that palm sugar was processed by peeling the midrib, passing, tapping, and making the midrib into sugar, whereas palm flour was processed by cutting down trees, grating, squeezing, and precipitating the end product. The local bio-resources used in the production of both included Chinese albizia (Albizia chinensis), giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus), tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus), kemang (Mangifera kemanga), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and sobsi (Maesopsis eminii). Local knowledge regarding the processing of palm sugar was passed from generation to generation, whereas the knowledge regarding the processing of palm flour was achieved through independent learning and asking questions.

RISIKO DAN FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI GULA AREN CETAK DI DESA BELIMBING, KABUPATEN TABANAN

ABSTRACT
 Palm plants (Arrenga pinnata Merr) until now are not widely cultivated, but they are still forest plants. This plant can be used very much, both as a household appliance and as a home industry. The main results that are widely used in home industries are sap which is processed into palm sugar, which is then used as a sweetener in various kinds of cakes, drinks and others. This research was conducted to determine the factors that influence the production of palm sugar and to find out the risks in the small industry of palm sugar. From this study, it is expected to be used as a material consideration in advancing the palm sugar industry in rural areas, especially in the research area. This research was conducted in the Belimbing Village of Tabanan Regency, Bali. The results of this study indicate that only the factor of craftsman experience and the volume of roomie can affect palm sugar production, from five other factors that are suspected. Making palm sugar from sap material has a large risk of production of 115,587 kg, but it is still easily avoidable by craftsmen. With a risk threshold of producing 35.74 kg of printed palm sugar.

Tingkat Inovasi sebagai Strategi Pengembangan Produk Usaha Kecil Menengah di Desa Kebonharjo

This study aims to determine the level of product innovation and the obstacles faced by small businesses of palm sugar producers and etawa goat milk farmers in Kebonharjo Village, Samigaluh District, Kulonprogo Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method and a sequential explanatory descriptive approach. The sample of the study was 75 people consisting of 54 palm sugar producers and 21 etawa goat milk breeders in Kebonharjo Village, Samigaluh District, Kulonprogo Regency. The analytical approach uses index numbers, the result is a product innovation index of 31.80 palm sugar producers and etawa goat milk farmers 13.14. The constraints faced by small-scale business actors are not focused on running a business, the way of production has passed both ways and development, geographical conditions, motivation for business development is relatively lacking, production capacity depends on the availability of natural resources, capital, distribution and marketing access, patterns of substantive economic activities and comparative advantages that make people feel comfortable.

How to Improve The Competitiveness of Palm Sugar? The Role of Technical Innovation

One of the causes of the low competitiveness of palm sugar MSMEs to enter the modern and export market is the low quality of products. The product’s low quality is caused by the low technology which is used in the palm sugar’s production process. Therefore,a research is needed to analyze the influence of technical innovation on the marketing performance of palm sugar MSMEs. Respondents of this research were the owners of Palm Sugar MSMEs in Banyumas Regency. Data were collected using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Based on the analysis using mediation regression analysis with causal step method, it is obtained that the results of technical innovation has a positive influence on competitive advantage and marketing performance. Furthermore, competitive advantage mediates the relationship between technical innovation and marketing performance. Based on the results of the research,some recommendations are formulated; the palm sugar MSMEs need to make technical innovations at the stages of penderesan or collecting, processing and packaging technology in palm sugar production.

Empowerment of Palm Sugar Peasants at the Forest Edge of Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, Indonesia: A Study of Problems, Local Potentials, and Priority Ideas Towards Empowered Community

This study analyzed the roots of problem of palm sugar peasants at the forest edge of Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park; local potentials in producing palm sugar as a livelihood base; and their priority ideas to create empowered communities. Data collection was done through observation, in-depth interviews, Focused Group Discussion, and literature. The results showed that there were many problems faced by peasants in producing palm sugar, namely the forest where they took firewood was taken over by the national park; discourse on resettlement following the construction of a reservoir; damaged road infrastructure; did not have adequate means of producing palm sugar; uneven government assistance; and marketing of palm sugar through middlemen. In addition to the existing problems, it turns out that there were a number of local potentials that peasants had in developing palm sugar production, namely palm trees growed naturally; palm gardens owned by the peasants themselves; every peasant had sufficient knowledge how to produce palm sugar; palm sugar production was a tradition from generation to generation; solidarity ties were still very strong; the existence of village-owned enterprises; and the concern of the village government to palm sugar peasants. Palm sugar peasants had a number of priority ideas to create an empowered community, namely asking the government to revoke the status of the national park area that took over the forest where peasants take firewood; stopped or moved the reservoir construction plan; road infrastructure improvements; assistance with facilities and infrastructure for producing palm sugar; assistance allocated by the government to prioritize poorer people who had never received before; and standardization of palm sugar prices.

The analysis of Sap Water Yield and Palm Sugar (Arenga pinnata Merr.) Quality in Tasikmalaya District

Development of high quality palm tree is needed for fulfilling the raw material of palm sugar and other products based on palm tree. This study aims to analyze the sap water yield and palm sugar quality in Tasikmalaya District. The method used in this study was survey and direct measurement of water content, pH, colour, texture, smell, taste, and performance. The geographical indication approach was used to determine the location of the study. The result showed that the average of sap water for palm sugar was 14.13% or 1 kg palm sugar equivalent to 7 litre of sap water, meanwhile 1 kg palm sugar powder equivalent to 7.6 litre of sap water (13.07%). The water content of palm sugar and palm sugar powder were 3.5% and 2.2% respectively.

Dampak Trasfer: Teknologi, Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Terhadap Produktivitas dan Biaya Produksi Produj Palm Sugar ( Studi Kasus Koperasi Ar-Ridho Nagari Simpang Tonang Kecamatan Duo Koto, Kabupaten Pasaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat)

Limited funds, education and skill levels to make the productivit and quality of SME products in general difficult to complate in the free market. Help management, production technology, and marketing from University can improve the quality, productivity, and product marketing SMEs(coorperative). This sutdy compared the productivity and efficiency of palm sugar products Cooperative Ar-Ridho before after management assitance, technology, production and marketing by Tarumanagara University of Jakarta. The empirical findings of this study are increased productivity and improved efficiency of palm sugar products after the transfer technologycally,management,and marketing

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PENGRAJIN GULA AREN DI KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG PROVINSI BENGKULU

Palm sugar as a source of income is mostly produced by palm sugar producers who are in the village, depending on the population of existing palm trees. Available raw materials and prevailing prices affect income. This study aims to (1) analyze the structure of production costs and business income of palm sugar and (2) analyze the factors that influence the income of palm sugar producers in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. The method used to analyze the cost structure is income analysis (π = TR - TC) by calculating the use of total costs (TC = TFC + TVC) used in once production process. Factors that influence palm sugar income are price of palm sugar, number of productive trees, and yield of palm sugar. Primary data obtained from palm sugar prodicers using questionnaires and secondary data obtained from previous research. Analysis of factors that influence income using multiple linear regression analysis, processed using the SPSS 16.0 Program. Research results show that the average income obtained by palm sugar craftsmen in Rejang Lebong District is Rp 150,374 / production. Palm sugar processing business is still feasible to be a business and profitable because the value of profitability obtained is 1.23. Factors that influence income significantly at the level of 95 percent in the form of prices and number of productive trees. Improvements in technological innovations and an increase in the population of palm sugar plants need to be improved to be able to increase the income of palm sugar’ producers in the Rejang Lebong Regency of Bengkulu Province.

PERBAIKAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN, MODIFIKASI BENTUK DAN UKURAN, SERTA PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK ALTERNATIF GULA AREN

This project aims to provide knowledge, skills and facilitate the producers in improving the product quality and marketing through the improvement of product. This project was conducted by establishing demo plots to selected palm sugar producers. The activities include providing extension, workshops on processing, packaging technologies for palm sugar, entrepreneurship vision, business management, and strategic for marketing. This project successfully introduced the suitable technologies to produce more hygienic palm sugar with more interesting shape, more uniform in size, more long-lasting shelf-life compared to previous technologies applied by the producers. In addition, the introduction of plastic pipe made the palm sugar sap is much more sterilized and cleaner than the bamboo-based technology and furnace modification can improve processing 48 minutes faster than before and save energy up to 23 %. Although the introduced technology to process the palm sugar did not change the nutrients content, the product quality met the SNI standards. The introduced techniques also prolong the shelf life from 24 days to 126 days. There was not any difference in terms of selling prices to both products. However, the price of alternative product (powdery brown sugar) was almost 4 times higher than the traditional products (block palm sugar). K eywords : Processing, size, shape, packaging, quality, and marketing

Aroma profile and appearance of dark chocolate formulated with palm sugar–sucrose blends

Palm sap sugar is a natural alternative sweetener that can be made from the sap/nectar of several species of palm tree flowers. In this work, a thorough investigation about the impact of chemical composition and physical properties of palm sugar on the formation of aroma and appearance of dark chocolate was carried out. Five sucrose–palm sugar blends with different palm sugar (PS) proportion, namely PS0, PS25, PS50, PS75, and PS100, were used as sweetener. The results showed that a higher concentration of some alkyl pyrazines, alkyl furans, alkyl alcohols, 2-acetylpyrrole, and acetic acid observed in the palm sugar-sweetened dark chocolate could be attributed to the aroma profile of palm sugar. In addition, there were some aroma volatiles which were only observed in palm sugar-sweetened dark chocolate, such as 2-furoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, 2,3-dihydro-5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP). The higher the proportion of palm sugar, the higher the concentration of these volatiles. Aside from this, the presence of more amorphous sugar was probably responsible for a higher concentration of aroma volatiles in chocolates containing palm sugar. Regarding the chocolate appearance, the effect of particle size in determining the colour was less pronounced than the effect of particle density and possible sugar network formation in the chocolate. The latter factor, might affect the surface roughness, resulting in different colour parameters. It seemed that the Maillard reaction during chocolate processing, which may influence the aroma profile and darkness of chocolate, occurred in much lesser extent that in the palm sugar production.

ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMPETITIF DAN KOMPARATIF PADA INDUSTRI KECIL GULA KELAPA DI DESA PURBOSARI KECAMATAN SELUMA BARAT KABUPATEN SELUMA

This research aimed at measuring the level of competitive and comparatives advantages of small palm sugar industries in Purbosari village Seluma Regency. This research used secondary and primary data. Respondents in this research censused from 80 palm sugar producers. The data collected from respondents is data weekly traced five successive weeks. Analysis method used cost unit approach to measure advantages level as proposed by Coocburn and Siggel (1998). The research showed that the average of unit cost ratio competitive and comparative advantage small palm sugar industries in the purbosari village is less than 1, that is, 0.65 and 0.42. This indicates that palm sugar in purbosari village has high competitiveness degree. Meanwhile. its NPCO value 0.64 indicating there is no government protection on palm sugar output.

Genetic evidence of multiple invasions and a small number of founders of Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer) in Thailand

BackgroundBorassus flabellifer or Asian Palmyra palm is an important crop for local economies in the South and Southeast Asia for its fruit and palm sugar production. Archeological and historical evidence indicated the presence of this species in Southeast Asia dating back at least 1500 years. B. flabellifer is believed to be originated in Africa, spread to South Asia and introduced into Southeast Asia through commercial routes and dissemination of cultures, however, the nature of its invasion and settlement in Thailand is unclear.ResultsHere, we analyzed genetic data of 230 B. flabellifer accessions across Thailand using 17 EST-SSR and 12 gSSR polymorphic markers. Clustering analysis revealed that the population consisted of two genetic clusters (STRUCTURE K = 2). Cluster I is found mainly in southern Thailand, while Cluster II is found mainly in the northeastern. Those found in the central are of an extensive mix between the two. These two clusters are in moderate differentiation (FST = 0.066 and NM = 3.532) and have low genetic diversity (HO = 0.371 and 0.416; AR = 2.99 and 3.19, for the cluster I and II respectively). The minimum numbers of founders for each genetic group varies from 3 to 4 individuals, based on simulation using different allele frequency assumptions. These numbers coincide with that B. flabellifer is dioecious, and a number of seeds had to be simultaneously introduced for obtaining both male and female founders.ConclusionsFrom these data and geographical and historical evidence, we hypothesize that there were at least two different invasive events of B. flabellifer in Thailand. B. flabellifer was likely brought through the Straits of Malacca to be propagated in the southern Thailand as one of the invasive events before spreading to the central Thailand. The second event likely occurred in Khmer Empire, currently Cambodia, before spreading to the northeastern Thailand.

Opportunities, barriers and support needs: micro-enterprise and small enterprise development based on non-timber products in eastern Indonesia

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on lessons related to the development of viable medium, small and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) based on non-timber products in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT), Indonesia, that are relevant to the international aid shift towards private sector development and women’s economic empowerment. Most of the products traded in the 11 428 market stalls surveyed in informal-sector market places in ENT were not from forests or agroforests, but were vegetables, second-hand clothes and other products. Most of the forest and agro-forestry products being sold were low entry-point, low-value products, sold as part of people’s survival or coping strategies. Nevertheless, a few specialist products, such as indigo, hand-woven textiles, Symplocos leaf mordants and Lygodium fern baskets, have been remarkably successful in reaching global markets. Developing business partnerships with local producer groups and entrepreneurs is easier said than done, and requires strategic choices. In addition, enterprises need to be economically viable. At first, palm sugar from Borassus flabellifer, for example, seemed to be a viable product, but the costs of the fuelwood used to boil palm sap to produce palm sugar is the major constraint on palm sugar producers and household income. Ten barriers facing entry of non-timber products into commercial markets are identified that should be taken into account if long-term enterprise development based on these products is to succeed in the long term.

Study of Yellow Root (Arcangelisia Flava Merr) as a Natural Food Additive with Antimicrobial and Acidity-stabilizing Effects in the Production Process of Palm Sugar

Fermentation by several types of microorganisms was considered as one of several factors causing quality degradation of the palm sap used for production of palm sugar. During harvesting period, pH value of the palm sap gradually decreasing from 6.5 to approximately 4.5. In order to avoid the rapid fermentation, traditionally, the local community uses a material made by mixing small pieces of heartwood of jack tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus) with slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) solution. However, the safety of this material if consumed by the human is still unclear. Consumption of food containing high concentration of slaked lime may cause several organ dysfunctions such as liver, kidney, also heart and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate an alternative material substituting the traditional one by examining the antimicrobial and acidity-stabilizing effects of Yellow Root (Arcangelisia flava Merr) extract. Antimicrobial activity of the water extract was evaluated through a disc-diffusion method using three microorganisms, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Trichophyton rubrum. In addition, toxicity test was also performed using BSLT (brine shrimp lethality test). Water extract of A. flava exhibited a positive respond against Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Trichophyton rubrum with inhibition zones of 19.35, 16.98, and 19.78mm, respectively at application level of 2% (v/v). Furthermore, this extract also showed an ability to stabilize the acidity of fresh palm sap (pH 5.8 - 6.5) due to fermentation mechanism during harvesting and storing. The ability of the extract to stabilize the acid level may be caused by the presence of its active compounds such as alkaloid, tannin, and saponin. The glucosides of those compounds may inhibit the hydrolysis of disaccharide such as sucrose becomes its monosaccharides. Those compounds may also deactivate enzyme invertase secreted by the microbes which can increase the acid level. From the toxicity test, water extract of A. flava was considered as a natural product with no toxicity. Therefore, water extract of A. flava can be utilized as a safe natural food additive, especially in the production of palm sugar.