Palm Pollen Grains Research Articles

Cretaceous climatic reconstruction from Argentina based on palynological data

Paleoclimatic reconstructions have used different proxies as climate indicators. In this context, palynomorphs play a crucial role for making inferences about past climate changes because of their presence and distribution during the geologic history in almost all types of environments. Argentina has a wide latitudinal range in South America, with diverse cretaceous units yielding palynomorphs that represent different climatic conditions. The Cretaceous was a time when climate conditions showed some special variations. Different theories about the climate conditions at this time were postulated. The main aim of this contribution is to understand climate trends during the Cretaceous, based on the quantitative analysis of selected pollen and spores, considered as climate indicators, from different geological units in Argentina. The evaluation of the palynofloras has been undertaken mainly by reviewing published sources from cretaceous basins but also with our own unpublished data. The climatic trend during the Cretaceous showed that the Early Cretaceous is marked by aridity episodes with high values of Classopollis and Gnetales. In contrast, the Late Cretaceous showed warmer and more humid conditions indicated by increasing values of free-sporing plants (especially Bryophytes and ferns) and palm pollen grains, and the decrease until their absence of the aridity indicators.

Effect of palm pollen grain, bee pollen grain and basil oil addition on hmf during honey storage

Effect of palm pollen grain, bee pollen grain and basil oil addition on hmf during honey storage

Improving quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits CVS. Khalas and Sagae under different climate by spraying of date palm pollen grains extract

Improving quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits CVS. Khalas and Sagae under different climate by spraying of date palm pollen grains extract

HONEYBEE COLLECTED POLLEN AS ANTIBIOTICS TO CONTROL AMERICAN FOUL BROOD DISEASE, AT GIZA GOVERNORATE

the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds and antibacterial activity components of pollen grains, obtained from different concentrations extracts of ethanol and water for controlling American foulbrood (AFB) disease. In this study four Egyptian bee pollen grains types were collected from pollen basket, namely Broad bean (Vicia faba), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) and maize (Zea mays), during spring. Identification of Phenolic composition in pollen grains samples were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument. Two pollen extracts, using ethanol and water by three concentrations 5, 10 and 20% agent's Paenibacillus larvae subspecies larvae, formerly Bacillus larvae and it's potential for the control of American foulbrood disease (AFB) in vitro. Generally the concentration of 5% gave no effect neither pollen ethanol or aqueous extracts. But pollen grain water extracts gave inhibition zone diameter with different pollen grain of types (10%) and (20%) concentrations. The water extract of date palm pollen grains recorded a highly effect of inhibition zone which were 21.30& 28.65mm with 10&20% concentrations respectively. This study considers a primary step for the pollen grains on P. larvae spores in vitro. These products showed efforts no toxicity effects on different stage of honeybee. Suggesting them as perspective, low cost and consumer-acceptable agent for control of AFB disease in honeybee colonies.

Effect of three natural phytochemicals supplementation on growth performance, testosterone level and feed utilization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

An 84-day feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary ginseng extract (GE), tribulus extract (TE) and date palm pollen grains (DPPG) on growth, testosterone level and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings. Seven experimental treatments were conducted in three replicates: control fed basal diets without any supplementations, GE0.2 (supplemented with 0.2 g GE/kg diet), GE0.4 (supplemented with 0.4 g GE/kg diet), TE0.6 (supplemented with 0.6 g TE/kg diet), TE1.2 (supplemented with 1.2 g TE/kg diet), DPPG3 (supplemented with 3 g DPPG/kg diet) and DPPG6 (supplemented with 6 g DPPG/kg diet). The results indicated that all dietary phytochemicals significantly increased growth compared to the control. Plasma testosterone levels were improved by 86.27%, 64.58%, 57.35% and 24.58% with TE1.2, GE0.4, TE0.6 and DPPG6, respectively, more than the control. The relationship between testosterone and final body weight showed a significant simple linear regression with a positive correlation. The nutrient utilization imprxoved with higher doses of phytochemical supplementations. Moreover, protein content increased and ether extract decreased with phytochemical supplementation. The present results concluded that higher doses of GE, TE and DPPG could be used as growth promoters and testosterone boosters for Nile tilapia fingerlings.

Chilled and post-thawed semen characteristics of buffalo semen diluted in tris extender enriched with date palm pollen grains (TPG)

The benefits of dates palm and their pollen grains in the human nourishment system have their consideration and importance in medical and nutritional point of view. The present study aimed to investigate a new perspective for the use of date palm pollen grains (DPPG) aqueous extract or infusion in preservation of chilled and frozen buffalo semen. Pooled buffalo semen were diluted by Tris-Citrate-Fructose egg yolk (TCFY) diluent (considered as control) and diverse concentrations of clarified soaked pollen grains in Tris-Citrate-Fructose (TCF) diluent in concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg DPPG/5 mL TCF. Five concentrations were kept without egg yolk (TPG) while other five concentrations contained 20% egg yolk (TPGY). Each of the two dilutions was enumerated according to the concentration of DPPG. Extended semen is then chilled (for 7 d) and cryopreserved. Motility, alive sperm and intact sperm membrane (HOST) % were recorded as characteristic sperm parameters. After 7 d of chilling, significant (P < 0.000 1) high percent of motile sperms was recorded for TPG 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 (66.67, 65.00, 61.67, 61.67 and 63.33, respectively). After freeze thawing, TPGY 150 and 250 showed the significant (P < 0.000 1) high percent of motile sperms (43.75 and 45.00, respectively) while TPGY 100, 200, 250 and TPG 50, 150 revealed the high results concerning HOST (80.61, 83.99, 80.61, 88.33 and 83.33, respectively) whereas the highest alive sperm percentage was recorded with TPGY 150 (96.30) compared to the control. The aqueous cold infusion or extract of the DPPG, added to the TCF extender with or without the addition of egg yolk, proved its good preserving and maintaining capacity of chilled and thawed buffalo bull sperms which was expressed mainly by the sperm motility.

Effect of different doses of ethanolic extract of date palm pollen grains on serum gonadotropin and total Glutathione in mature female rats

This study was focused on the effect of different doses of DPP on antioxidant status and gonadotropin hormones of adult female Wister rats, sixty male rats were randomized into 6 groups (A-F). Group A received distilled water (control group). while groups B-F were administration 50, 100 , 150 , 200 and 250 mg/kg of DPP extract respectively for twenty eight (28) days. Blood samples were drawn prior to administration (day zero) and every fourteen days for the estimation of serum FSH,LH and Glutathione concentration. 28-day daily oral administration of ethanol crude extraction of date palm pollen to female rats is associated with high circulating GSH concentration. And an elevation in serum FSH and LH concentrations in groups received 100mg/kg of DPP extract .Conclusions: Data from this study identified that in a dose more than 100mg/kg there were no dose related effects.

Role of DPP (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract on Ameliorating The incidence of hemoglobinoxidation induced by sodium nitrite

The effects of ethanolic extract of date palm pollen grains(DPP) was investigated on the ameliorating the oxidative effect of sodium nitrite on hemoglobin in albino mature female rats , twenty four(24) rats weighing 150- 200 g were grouped into four groups two control and two experimental groups, first group(GI) considered as negative control received 0.5 ml distilled water and after 45 minutes received another 0.5 ml of distilled water while the second control group(GII), (positive control) received 0.5 ml of distilled water then after 45 minutes received 100mg/kg Body weight sodium nitrite. While the two experimental groups were treated as follow, first treated group(GIII) received 100mg/kg Body weight crude ethanolic extract of DPP then after 45 minutes received 100mg/kg Body weight sodium nitrite. while second(GIV) treated group received 100mg/kg Body weight crude ethanolic extract of DPP daily for seven days then after 45 minutes from last dose received 100mg/kg B.W. sodium nitrite. Whole blood samples were obtained in heparinized tubes to detect methemoglobin percentage. The results in animals treated with single oral dose (100mg/Kg) of sodium nitrite comprised 45% met-Hb, 45 minutes after nitrite treatment, while animal,s group pretreated with ethanolic extract of DPP in a dose of 100mg/kg for seven consecutive days given as single oral dose of sodium nitrite after 45 minutes from last dose (before induction of methemoglobinemia) by nitrite administration revealed an increases in the level of met-Hb percentage in blood compared to that of control group treated with distilled water before sodium nitrite. However the percent inhibition of met-Hb formation over long term treatment was less than that observed with short term treatment.

Mining Novel Allergens from Coconut Pollen Employing Manual De Novo Sequencing and Homology-Driven Proteomics.

Coconut pollen, one of the major palm pollen grains is an important constituent among vectors of inhalant allergens in India and a major sensitizer for respiratory allergy in susceptible patients. To gain insight into its allergenic components, pollen proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotted with coconut pollen sensitive patient sera, followed by mass spectrometry of IgE reactive proteins. Coconut being largely unsequenced, a proteomic workflow has been devised that combines the conventional database-dependent analysis of tandem mass spectral data and manual de novo sequencing followed by a homology-based search for identifying the allergenic proteins. N-terminal acetylation helped to distinguish "b" ions from others, facilitating reliable sequencing. This led to the identification of 12 allergenic proteins. Cluster analysis with individual patient sera recognized vicilin-like protein as a major allergen, which was purified to assess its in vitro allergenicity and then partially sequenced. Other IgE-sensitive spots showed significant homology with well-known allergenic proteins such as 11S globulin, enolase, and isoflavone reductase along with a few which are reported as novel allergens. The allergens identified can be used as potential candidates to develop hypoallergenic vaccines, to design specific immunotherapy trials, and to enrich the repertoire of existing IgE reactive proteins.

Facile biosynthesis and characterization of palm pollen stabilized ZnO nanoparticles

In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully prepared by a simple, cost effective and environmental friendly producer using palm pollen (PP) grain. The palm pollen played two important roles: it could act as a reaction media for the formation of ZnO and as a stabilizer. FESEM analysis shows that the zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared were polydispersed with average particle size less than 20nm. The UV–vis reflection spectrum of the PP stabilized ZnO NPs (PP/ZnO NPs) exhibits relevant increase in the reflectance at the wavelength more than 360nm which was attributed to the band gap of the ZnO NPs. Stretching and bending vibrations from FTIR analysis ensured proteins present in PP involved in formation and stabilization of ZnO NPs. The results showed that palm pollen is a suitable reaction media and stabilizer in the green technique and this method is a suitable and facile method to prepare ZnO NPs for bio-medical productions.

Anti-coccidial and anti-apoptotic activities of palm pollen grains on Eimeria papillata-induced infection in mice

The present work aimed to study the effect of palm pollen extract (PPE) as an anticoccidial and anti-apoptotic modulator during the course of murine intestinal Eimeria papillata infection. The fact that PPE has an anticoccidial efficacy against intestinal E. papillata infection in mice has been clarified by the reduction of faecal output of oocysts on day five post infection from 49.5 × 103 to 34 × 103 oocyst/g. Moreover, the number of intracellular eimerian stages of zygots and developing oocysts decreased by about 89% and that of schizonts and gamonts to 42% and 72%, respectively. E. papillata infection also induced an increase in the number of apoptotic cells from 17.5 to 122.8 apoptotic nuclei/10 villous crypt units (VCU). In addition, it caused a state of systemic inflammatory response as revealed by an elevation in levels of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from 5.3 and 78.3 to 33 pmol ml−1 and 96.3 pg ml−1 in blood, respectively, with concurrent duplication in the total leucocytic number. Upon treatment of infected mice with the aqueous PPE, the activity of iNOs was reduced by 55% and the level of TNF-α was decreased by 30%. Moreover, the total leucocytic count was significantly reduced from 9.05 × 103 to 7.8 × 103 cells/mm3. Based on our results, PPE showed both anti-coccidial, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. So it can be used in developing new herbal medicine against animal coccidiosis and may be suitable agent for treating eimeriosis associated inflammatory response.

Potential preventive and therapeutic effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pollen grain on cadmium – induced testicular injury in rats

This study was investigated the possible preventive and therapeutic effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen grain (DPP) on cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular damage using quantitative, biochemical and histopathological approaches. A total of 25 adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups. control; DPP treated group received a 56 days DPP suspension; Cd treated group received only CdCl2; pre-treated group received a 15 days of DPP suspension before CdCl2 injection while post-treated group received a 56-day of DPP suspension following CdCl2 injection. CdCl2 (1.2mg/kg bwt) was intraperitoneally injected as a single dose and DPP (120mg/kg bwt) given by gavage suspended in distilled water.

Effect of Date Palm Pollen Grains (Phonenix Ductylifera) on Testes Function and Fertility in Rats

This study presents the effects of Date Palm Pollen grains (DPP) (phoenix ductylifera) on testes function, fertility and pregnancy index in male adult rats.Forty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into four equal groups .The first group was not received DPP and considered as control group and the other groups (T1, T2 and T3) were received daily gavages of aqueous suspension(DPP) containing 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg B.W for 56 days. At the end of experiment blood were collected to determine serum testosterone level. Sexual reaction was determined and reproductive indices (fertility, pregnancy) index were examined in normal fertile 32 female rats mated with treated male rats. Sperm concentration, mortality and morphology of treated groups were, also determined. The results showed that treatment with DPP for 56days led to significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in serum testosterone concentration, testicular weights, mortality and sperm concentration in (T2 and T3) groups compared with control and T1 groups, but sperm morphology, concentration was significantly decrease in the T2 +T3 groups compared with control and T1 groups. Also,treatment with DPP cause significant (P≤0.05) increase in fertility and pregnancy index for all treated groups, as compared with control group, furthermore, sexual reaction was significantly (P≤0.05) decrease in the 3 treated groups compared with control group. conclusion, DPP suspension plays a role in improvement sperm quality and enhances fertility in adult rats.

Nectar Sources for the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera adansonii) Revealed by Pollen Content

Nectar sources for the African honeybee Apis mellifera adansonii were investigated. The work involved analysis of three honey samples bought from open markets in Lagos, Nigeria. The pollen sediment of the honeys was acetolysed, mounted on slides and pollen types were identified and counted to determine the relative frequency of the different pollen types in the honey samples. The proportion of pollen from each of the honey samples varied from 196 in sample A, 280 in sample B to 238 in sample C. The most abundant taxa identified from the honey samples were Tridax procumbens and Elaeis guineensis belonging to the families Asteraceae and Palmae. The highest proportion of Palm pollen grain was recorded in sample B with one hundred and ten (110) pollen grains per slide. The pollen grains in the families Palmae and Asteraceae are of great importance to the bees for honey production, this can be seen in the abundance displayed in sample B and C. Other pollen taxa recovered belong to the families Mimosaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sapotaceae and Anacardiaceae providing a clue on the ecological origin of the pollen grains in the honey sample. Pollen analysis of honey proved to be useful in deciphering nectar sources of Apis mellifera adansonii.

Miospores from upper cretaceous‐Paleocene strata in northwestern Bolivia

Outcrop samples from the Flora and Eslabón formations from northwestern Bolivia contain abundant terrestrial palynomorphs. Pollen grains and spores of 49 species belonging to 36 genera were identified and two new pollen species — Psilaperiporites boliviensis and Psilaperiporites suarezi — are described. The Bolivian palynoflora consists mainly of monocolpate, tricolpate and tricolporate angiosperm pollen grains. The gymno‐sperm pollen content is low and bisaccates are totally lacking. Some samples also include fungal spores and the fresh‐water algae Botryococcus. The assemblage from the Eslabón Formation is compared with that of the Proteacidites dehaani Zone, known from Colombia and Venezuela, and with that of the Tricornites elongatus Zone in Brazil, indicating late Maastrichtian age. The palynoflora of the Flora Formation is probably of Paleocene age. The results indicate deposition in a continental warm and humid environment, as suggested by the composition of the palynoflora which show an abundance of palm pollen grains and the presence of Botryococcus and Azolla megaspores.

Allergenic relationship among four common and dominant airborne palm pollen grains from Eastern India.

Palm pollen grains are predominant aeroallergens in the tropics including India. Evidence of allergenic crossreactivity had been reported from various parts of the world on different families, e.g. Poaceae, Asteraceae, etc. No such information is available about the palm pollen of tropical countries. The present study was undertaken to find out the allergenic relationship, if any, in four common and important palm pollen in India. A 2-year aerobiological survey was carried out at Madhyamgram situated at the suburban fringe of Calcutta Metropolis using Burkard volumetric sampler to know the seasonal variation of Areca catechu, Borassus flabellifer, Cocos nucifera and Phoenix sylvestris among others. Skin-prick tests (SPT) were performed with the relevant pollen extracts on the respiratory allergic patients. Sera from the subjects were tested directly by ELISA for estimating the allergen specific IgE. ELISA inhibitions and dot blotting were performed with pooled patients sera and four palm pollen extracts to detect the cross-reactivity. Among 70 patients, Areca catechu exhibited the maximum percentage (48.5%) of positive responses followed by Cocos nucifera (45.7%), Phoenix sylvestris (42.85%) and Borassus flabellifer (38.5%). On an average, 30-50% of the patients showed positive skin reactions and enhanced specific IgE level to more than one palm pollen extract. Further evidence of allergenic crossreactivity among the four palm pollen grains were provided by dot blotting and ELISA inhibition studies. In ELISA inhibition, a distinct inhibition was obtained with comparable amounts of the pollen extracts. The suburban aerobiological survey of Calcutta and SPT results confirmed that the relevant pollen types are significant contributors of aeroallergen load of the study area. ELISA inhibition studies with the pooled patients sera using antihuman IgE probe revealed the presence of shared allergenic components among the four palm pollen grains.

Comparative aerobiology, allergenicity and biochemistry of three palm pollen grains in Calcutta, India

A Burkard volumetric trap was used at Salt Lake City, Calcutta, to record the occurrence and frequency of three common palm pollen, namely,Areca catechu, Borassus flabellifer andPhoenix sylvestris for two consecutive years (July 1988–June 1990). The meteorological factors responsible for the frequency of relevant airborne pollen grains were analysed. The allergenic potential of these pollen types was investigated by skin-prick tests on adult respiratory allergic patients. These were also chemically analysed in terms of total carbohydrate, lipid and soluble protein. Total soluble protein of the above types was used in 11% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study the range of molecular components.

Effect of liquid nutrients on the development and reproduction of the predacious miteAmblyseius gossipi(mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae)

Abstract The facultative predacious mite, Amblyseius gossipi El-Badry was able to develop, survive and reproduce on molasses, royal jelly and yeast hydrolysate diets. Compared with a palm tree pollen grain diet, the maximum number of individuals attaining maturity was on royal jelly or a combination of royal jelly and molasses. The duration of the development time, from larva to adult, was twice as long as that on pollen grains. The maximum reproduction/female/day was recorded on royal jelly and molasses or their combination and the minimum on yeast hydrolysate. Individuals neither developed nor reproduced on clean plant leaves.

Estrone in Hyphaene thebaica kernel and pollen grains

The estrogen of the doum palm kernel and pollen grains has been isolated as the p, p′-nitrophenylazo benzoyl derivative and identified as estrone.

The gonad stimulating potency of date palm pollen grains.

La principale substance gonadotrophique des grains de pollen des palmiers-dattiers est extraite avec de l'acetone. On a constate qu'un g de pollen contient 1,05 I.U. de LH et 0,80 I.U. de FSH. L'activite combinee des deux fractions augmente leur effet qui atteint jusqu'a 10 I.U. HCG par g.