Palm Oil Factory Research Articles

Study of geothermal brine direct use for crude palm oil (CPO) factory in Indonesia

Palm oil is edible oil which extracted from the pulp of fruit oil palms. The use of this oil is mainly for cooking purposes. In Indonesia, crude palm oil production has a huge role for Indonesia’s economics, because Indonesia is the largest crude palm oil producers in the world, with expected annual production of 27 million tons in 2017. In crude palm oil factories, there are several components, mainly in crude palm oil purifier, which would need some heating process. The heating temperature would need around 45-100 °C for purifying processes and around 140 °C for fruits boiling process. In the conventional crude palm oil factories, this heating process is conducted by an industrial boiler. This paper would propose a design for a crude palm oil factory modification from the conventional factory into a modified factory where the heating process would be using geothermal brine. A study case of using geothermal brine for CPO factory utilization is also conducted in Y geothermal field in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the geothermal fluids can substitute industrial boiler in CPO factory.

APLIKASI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN METODA BIOPORI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.) BELUM MENGHASILKAN

The wider the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia, the more palm oil mills will process more oil palm fruit bunches and produce waste one of them is liquid waste. The amount of liquid waste that is more and more if not treated properly will cause environmental pollution. The research aim to study the effect of liquid waste of oil palm factory (LWOPF) with biopori method to the growth of immature oil palm plant. The experiment was conducted in oil palm plantation of Agricultural Faculty of Riau University from May to July 2017. The experiment was arrange drandomized complete design consisting of 13 treatments (without LWOPF; 5; 7.5 and 10 liters LWOPFeachapplied in 1, 2, 3 and 4 biopore/plants), each repeated three times.The parameters observed were plant height, number of midrib, length of midrib, number of leaves, width and length of leaves. The results showed that the application ofLWOPF dose 7.5 liters applied in 4 biopore holes / plants increased addition the number of midrib and the leaves, the width and length of the leaves compared to without LWOPF and the highest than another treatment, but the addition of plant high increased at doses 7.5 liters in 3 biopore/plant and highest than another treatment.Key words : Liquid Wastes of Oil Palm Factory, Biopore Holes, Oil Palm Plants

Model development based on baldrige excellence framework criteria in palm oil factory

This research was conducted in palm oil factory. So far, the palm oil factory’s performance measurement is still conventional, focusing on the financial sector and ignoring other sectors that are also important to be known its performance. The purpose of this research is to build performance measurement model comprehensively using Baldrige excellence framework criteria. Baldrige excellence framework consists of 7 criteria that is leadership, strategy, customer, knowledge management, workforce, operation, and result. The calculation is done by path analysis using SPSS. Based on the calculation is known that leadership has the most substantial direct influence on the palm oil factory’s performance of 0.341 and then followed by the workforce of 0.260, strategy of 0.235, knowledge management of 0.119, operations of 0.097 and customers of 0.082. Leadership and workforce have a substantial influence on increasing palm oil factory performance. In other words, it can be concluded that human resources in palm oil factory have a substantial influence in improving the performance.

HUBUNGAN PANJANG DAN BERAT IKAN KEPERAS (Cyclocheilichtyhys apogon) DISUNGAI TELANG DESA BAKAM KABUPATEN BANGKA

Keperas Fish (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) is one of the dominant species of local fish (indigenous species) found in the waters of Bangka Island. keperas fish has economic value for the people of Bakam village. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of Liquid Waste Disposal Activity of Palm Oil Factory to Fishing Growth (Cyclocheilichtyhys apogon) Telang River Bakam Village in May 2017. Sampling method using purposive sampling. Data analysis used descriptive analysis to know the growth of keperas fish and quantitative analysis to know the value of long correlation weight of male fish (Cyclocheilichthysapogon) in the part before the waste stream follow the equation W = -1.38948L 2.465525 and while for the female fish before the flow of waste W = 0.957107L0.315034 and while the length and weight relationship of male keperas (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) after section of the waste stream follows the equation W = 1.507886L-0.15259 for male keperas fish while for female keperas fish section after the waste stream W = 0 , 580718L0.672259. From the equation we get the value of male fish before the flow of waste of 2.465525 and male fish section after the waste stream of -0.15259, while for the female fish section before the waste stream of 0.315034 and for the female section after the waste flow of 0.672259.

Feasibility study of electricity power plant from biogas by utilizing the liquid waste of palm oil mill in Aceh Province

Currently Aceh has 458,616 hectares of oil palm plantation with production of 1,077,099 tons, processed in 40 Palm Oil Mill and produces about 607 thousand Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME is known to produce biogas which consists of methane which is Green House Gas (GHG) that can be recognized to cause global warming. The entire processing plant uses only a lagoon system in wastewater treatment, usually the first anaerobic stage followed by a facultative treatment. Both of these major palm oil wastes are renewable energy sources that can be utilized to generate electrical energy. In this study, a feasibility analysis of POME utilization has been conducted to generate electricity. Data on plant capacity, amount of wastewater produced, type of waste treatment owned by palm factory, waste treatment performance, and technical specifications of waste treatment. Collected from all Palm Oil Factory. Net present value, return rate and internal capital return are calculated. Based on the calculated value it has been found that the application of a biogas plant for power generation is economically feasible in the perspective of Aceh Province and the survival or economic attractiveness increases with increasing crop.

Indigen Bacteria from Spent Bleaching Earth Waste as A Removal Agent of Fe and Cu

The most pollution produced by oil palm factory is Spent Bleaching Earth, because the waste contains residue of oil and dangerous metal that enable bacteria to live hence the research was done to get bacteria of Fe and Cu metal as bioremoval agent. Waste sampling method is random sampling, then purification, selection and potency test. Bacteria that pass potency test on metal containing media are identified and characterized by their genus. The result of the research indicated that the indigenous bacteria genus for good accumulation of Fe metal is Salmonella sp (B7) and for Cu metal is Escherichia sp (B1).

SELECTION OF FRESH FRUIT BUNCH MARKETING CHANNEL IN SMALLHOLDER OIL PALM PLANTATION IN ACEH PROVINCE

This research was conducted at smallholder plantation in Aceh Province in January- March 2015. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that influence farmers in choosing marketing channel in smallholder oil palm plantation in Aceh Province. The analytical method used in this study was multinomial logit. The result of the analysis shows that several factors, namely the age of farmers, production volume, loan capital, and the price of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) are the factors that become the basis of consideration of farmers in choosing marketing channel of large traders. Based on the result of regression coefficient, it is known that production volume was the most dominant factor affecting the farmers in choosing marketing channel of large traders. Meanwhile, all independent variables which were analyzed did not have a significant effect on the selection of marketing channels of Palm Oil Factory (POF).

KONVERSI KONVERSI BIOGASOLIN DARI RESIDU MINYAK PALM OIL MILLS EFFLUENT (POME) DENGAN BANTUAN IRADIASI ULTRASONIK DAN PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a liquid waste by product of fresh fruit bunches processing (FFB) in palm oil factory (POF). POME contains oil residue of 0.7% (from treated FFB). The purpose of this study was to convert oil residue of POME into biogasolin with the help of ultrasonic irradiation and catalytic cracking. The convertion was performed by reacting oil residue of POME with methanol in an esterification and transesterification reaction with the aid of ultrasonic irradiation. The reaction product was further reacted in the catalytic cracking reaction using zeolite-based catalysts (Ni/HZa and Mo-Ni/HZa). The overall reaction results were characterized using GCMS to determine the constituent components. The components found using Mo-Ni/HZa catalyst were 51.22% biogasoline and other products of kerosene and diesel as well as long chain methyl ester components, whereas using Ni/HZa catalyst was found a component equivalent to diesel at 2.44%.Keywords: biogasoline, ultrasonic irradiation, catalytic cracking, zeolite catalyst, POME

Biomass analysis at palm oil factory as an electric power plant

Biomassa found in palm oil mill industryis a by-product such as palm shell, fiber, empty fruit bunches and pome. The material can be used as an alternative fuel for fossil fuel. On PTPN IVpalm oil millDolokSinumbah with a capacity of 30 tons tbs/hour of palm fruit fiber and palm shells has been utilized as boiler fuel to produce steam to supplyboilers power plant. With this utilization, the use of generators that using fossil fuel can be reduced, this would provide added value for the company. From the analysis, the fiber and shell materials were sufficient to supply 18 tons/hoursteam for the boiler. Shell material even excess as much as 441,5 tons per month. By utilizing the 2 types of biomass that is available alone, the electricity needs of the factory of 734 Kwh can be met. While other materials such as empty bunches and pome can be utilized to increase the added value and profitability for the palm oil mill.

Productivity improvement with green approach to palm oil factory productivity

The palm oil factory (POF) processes fresh fruit bunches into crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) by products in the form of liquid and solid waste. One of the solid wastes produced in POF Tanjung Kasau is empty fruit bunches of palm oil (FBPO) which have been burned completely on incinerator tubes so that potentially produces pollutants that pollute the environment. If FBPO waste is managed properly, it will improve the productivity of the company. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to find out how far the increased productivity of the company can reduce their impact on the environment, if FBPO is used as raw material of liquid smoke. The productivity improvement approach is done by Green Productivity concept, by looking at three aspects: environmental, social and economical. Green Productivity aims to protect the environment simultaneously by increasing the productivity of the company. One way is to turn FBPO waste into liquid smoke product is by pyrolysis process. The results showed that turning FBPO solid waste into liquid smoke will increase productivity by 18.18%. Implementation of Green Productivity can improve productivity through the improvement of FBPO waste treatment process which has been done by perfect combustion by pyrolysis process so that waste can be minimized to create environment industry POF clean and friendly environment.

TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH CAIR YANG IDEAL UNTUK PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT

The number of crude palm oil factory (CPOF) in Indonesia has already increased rapidly in the last fifteen years. In the same period, expansion of the palm plantation has also been continuing and growing, but unfortunately the accelerated growth is not same as the development of the wastewater treatment technology and its proper applications. Many CPOF in Indonesia have not a good wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In fact they cause terribly environmental problems, especially related to surface water pollution. BOD content in the effluent of most CPOF is between 35,000 to 46,000 ppm and in the effluent of their WWTP it is much more than 100 ppm. Therefore it needs to propose a treatment system which can guarantee to reduce all pollutants till a value matching with the environmental quality standard. Based on the research result assessed by BPPT, an ideal WWTP suitable for CPOF is promoted to be considered as one very good alternative which is better applied for all CPOF in Indonesia. The stages and processes are showed in the second figure. Key words : Ideal treatment, CPOF wastewater

The Interpretation of Underground Water Physical Parameters of Housing in the Region of Asahan Indah Palm Oil Factory Area Rokan Hulu District

The research has been conducted to analyze the distribution of underground water physical parameters of the housing around Asahan Indah palm oil factory area Rokan Hulu District with radial method within ±300 meters radius from the factory location. The levels of underground water physical parameters include conductivity, resistivity, and salinity measured based on coordinate points amounted of 50 points. The data obtained from the measurement results were then inputted into “surfer 11” software to be processed in order to obtain the contour map of underground water physical parameters level. The results of this research indicated that the highest conductivity level came from the ring well type with 5 meter depth; it was 0.0964 (1/ohm·m) exceeded the standard threshold of underground water quality standard and the lowest conductivity was 0.00342 (1/ohm·m) which came from a ring well type with 10 meter depth. The lowest resistivity level was 10.37 ohm·m which came from the ring well type with 5 meter depth and the highest was 292.4 ohm·m which came from the ring well with 10 meter depth. The highest salinity level was 448 mg/l which exceeded the baseline threshold of underground water quality which came from the ring well type with 5 meter depth and the lowest was 175 mg/l from the ring well with 10 meter depth. The results of this research found that underground water in wells with 5 meters depth has been polluted with palm oil waste and at the depth of 10 meters, it has not been contaminated.

Efficiency Evaluation of Biofilter for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Palm Oil Mill Biogas

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the most problematic contaminants in biogas. The removal of H2S from biogas is necessary in order to clean biogas and prevent gas engine. The efficiency evaluation on H2S removal from palm oil mill biogas by biofilter was investigated. Eight sludge samples from biofilter systems of palm oil mill biogas were tested for H2S removal by grown in thiosulfate mineral medium under an anaerobic condition at atmospheric pressure. Analytical data demonstrated that average amounts of CH4, CO2, and H2S in inlet biogas were 62%, 35%, and 0.95%, respectively. The highest H2S removal rate of 0.35 g/L/d was found sludge A (Asian palm oil company). It also found that the major product for sludge A was elemental sulfur of 13,650 mg/L and could produce the highest sulfate concentration of 300 mg/L. In contrast, sludge I (Thai Indo palm oil factory) has the lowest H2S removal with rate (0.09 g/L/d.) Microbial activity for H2S removal was increased with the decrease in pH from 7.12 to 6.40 due to H2S dissolved medium. The suitable condition for the growth of sulfur oxidizing bacteria affected on H2S removal efficiency from palm oil mill biogas by biofilter systems.

PERMASALAHAN TEKNIS INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH PABRIK MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT

Crude palm oil produced in Indonesia has already been known as the second largest in Asia. Unfortunately tens of palm oil factories (CPOF) spread out in Indonesia have not good wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) yet. PT. Kertajaya, as an example, which is located in Regency Pandeglang, still has BOD contained in its final effluent of the wastewater treatment plant more than 200 ppm. In fact the capacity and capability of WWTP in PT. Kertajaya are much more than enough for only 288 m3 per day. Because of improper operation and maintenance of the WWTP, the technical problems are accumulated, such as, increasing the sediment, decreasing the retention time and channelling of the wastewater being treated. The following affect is the treatment process is not going well and the quality of effluent is getting worse. To solve the technical problems, it is very important to remove the sediment periodically and give aeration in the aerobic pond. A recommendation for the wastewater treatment system has been proposed. The system has eight processes including oil separation or first sedimentation, neutralization, equalization, anaerobic degradation, aerobic degradation, final sedimentation and sludge drying. Katakunci : BOD, technical problem, wastewater, anaerobic. Aerobic process

The correlation of smoking and noise induced hearing loss on workers at a palm oil factory X in Medan-Indonesia

The correlation of smoking and noise induced hearing loss on workers at a palm oil factory X in Medan-Indonesia

Dampak Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Studi Kasus: Desa Penyabungan, Kecamatan Merlung, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi)

Oil palm is one of the major plantation commodity that earns foreign exchange. The expansion of oil palm plantation potentially gives not only economic benefits, but also the environmental problems. Therefore, the economic and environmental impacts of oil palm plantation expansion need to be assessed. This study uses revenue analysis to estimate the economic benefits, descriptive analysis to identify environmental impacts, and to estimate external costs using replacement cost and cost of illness. In this research, expansion is defined as the conversion of a part of or whole rubber plantation to oil palm plantation. The expansion resulted in farmers turning some or all of rubber gardens into palm oil plantations that resulted in an increase in revenues of 40.52%. In addition to the on-farm sector, farmers benefit from off-farm (24.46%) and non-farm (25.61%), bringing the total increase of farmers' income by 33.42%. Based on community perceptions of environmental impacts due to oil palm plantation expansion in the form of reduced quantity of groundwater, water pollution, and decreased animal population. The environmental impact of crude palm oil (CPO) factories is to produce liquid waste from palm oil processing that raises external costs for the community in the form of the replacement cost of clean water and the cost of illness

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Limbah Kelapa Sawit dan Pupuk Anorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada Pembibitan Utama

Palm oil mill waste is one of the biggest problems in palm oil mill development, hence the need for technology to treat the waste in order to be utilized. This study aims to obtain the composition of organic fertilizer solid waste palm oil factory combined with inorganic fertilizer in the main seedling of oil palm, carried out in the nursery garden of PT. Bio Nusantara Teknologi, Kec. Pondok Kelapa, Central Bengkulu District, from January 2016 to April 2016 with a height of 13 meters above sea level, using Completely Randomized Design (RCD), a factor with 4 replications. Dosage of combination Organic Fertilizer (POP) and Inorganic Fertilizer consisting of 6 levels, namely: O0 = 100% Inorganic (50 g / polybag) + 0% Organic (0 g / polybag), O1 = 80% Inorganic (40 g / polybag) + 20% Organic (100 g / polybag), O2 = 60% Inorganic (30 g / polybag) + 40% Organic (200 g / polybag), O3 = 40% Inorganic (20 g / polybag) + 60% Organic (300 g / polybag), O4 = 20% Inorganic (10 g / polybag) + 80% Organic (400 g / polybag), O5 = 0% Inorganic (0 g / polybag) + 100% Organic (500 g / polybag) ). The results showed that the combination of fertilizer treatment was significantly different from the variability of green leaves, the increase of seedlings 12 weeks after planting (MST), stem diameter 12 MST and leaf-breaking time, and not significantly different on the leaves leaf variable 12 MST.Keywords: palm oil waste, solid organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, palm oil nursery

Molecular analysis on the utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches fiber as reinforcement for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene biocomposites

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was one of the solid waste produced by the palm oil factory and were totally plentiful in biomass. OPEFB fiber used as reinforcement of polymer matrix acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The use of FTIR is to see that there is no changes in the molecules of the constituent biocomposite ABS and OPEFB. The reactivity of butadiene and styrene through the double bond- π conjugated system, contributed to the bond reaction with the maleic acid as compatibilizer witch is grafted to the system. It is concluded that the posible grafting reaction occurs by the addition of the MAH to the double bond of the butadiene and styrene. The hydroxyl group of cellulose can interact with this maleic acid to form a bond through the carboxyl group.

Assessment of agricultural biomass potential to electricity generation in Riau Province

Utilization of biomass as a source of electrical power is one potential solution that can be developed in order to increase of the electrification ratio and to Achieve the national energy security. However, now it is still difficult, to Determine the amount of potential energy that can be used as an alternative power generation. Therefore, as a preliminary step to assess the feasibility of biomass development as a power generation source, an analysis of potential resources are required, especially from some of the main commodities, both of residues of agriculture and plantation. This study aims to assessing the potential of biomass-based supply from unutilized resources that can be Obtained from the residues of agricultural and plantations sectors, such as rice straw and rice husk; Dry straw and chaff of rice; corn stalks and cobs; stalks of cassava; and fiber, shell, empty fruit Bunches, kernels and liquid wastes in the palm oil factories. More research is focused on the theoretical energy potential measurements using a statistical approach which has been developed by Biomass Energy Europe (BEE). Results of the assessment has been done and showed that the total theoretical biomass energy that can be produced is equal to 77,466,754.8 Gj year -1. Theoretically, this potential is equivalent to generate electricityof year 21,518,542.8 MWh -1.

Technical problems of wastewater treatment plant in crude palm oil industry A case study in PT Socfin Indonesia-Kebun Sungai Liput, Nang groe Aceh Darussalam Province

Crude palm oil produced in Indonesia has already been known as the largest in the world. Unfortunately many of palm oil factories (CPOF) spread out in Indonesia have not good wastewater treatments (WWTP) yet. PT Socfin Indonesia, as an example, which is located in Aceh Tamiang Regency, still has BOD contained in its final effluent of the waswater treatment plant more than 150 ppm. In fact, the capability and capacity of WWTP in PT Socfin are 192 m3per day. Because of improper operational and maintenance of the WWTP, the technical prob lem are accumulated, such as, increasing the deposition of sludge and decreasing the retention time. The following affect is the treatment process is not going well and the quality of effluent is getting worse. The objective of this paper is to solve the technical problems by means remov ing the deposition of sludge periodically and fixing floating aeration in the aerobic pond. Method using for this paper is survey and wastewater sampling. A recommendation of the was tewater treatment system has been proposed after average BOD from WWTP outlet is defined 158 mg/L. The recommendation has seven procesess including oil separation, neutralization, closed tank anaerobic digester equipped with gas holder, extended aeration, settling tank, sand drying bed and land application.