Date Palm Seeds Research Articles

Fabrication of ZnO/MgO nanoparticles for catalytic pyrolysis of Phoenix dactylifera seeds biomass

In this study slow catalytic pyrolysis of Phoenix dactylifera(date palm seeds) was investigated in fixed bed reactor in the presence of doped ZnO/MgOnanoparticles. These NPs were prepared by using homogenous precipitation method. The effect of catalytic dosage of doped ZnO/MgO and ZSM-5 was studied on the conversion of biomass into pyrolysis products. By using doped ZnO/MgO the production of bio oil was increased, further increasing reduced bio oil yield. ZSM-5 caused slight increase in the yield of bio oil. The yields of bio char and syn-gas were also affected by variable dosage of catalyst.

Molecular Clocks and Archeogenomics of a Late Period Egyptian Date Palm Leaf Reveal Introgression from Wild Relatives and Add Timestamps on the Domestication.

The date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, has been a cornerstone of Middle Eastern and North African agriculture for millennia. It was first domesticated in the Persian Gulf, and its evolution appears to have been influenced by gene flow from two wild relatives, P. theophrasti, currently restricted to Crete and Turkey, and P. sylvestris, widespread from Bangladesh to the West Himalayas. Genomes of ancient date palm seeds show that gene flow from P. theophrasti to P. dactylifera may have occurred by ∼2,200 years ago, but traces of P. sylvestris could not be detected. We here integrate archeogenomics of a ∼2,100-year-old P. dactylifera leaf from Saqqara (Egypt), molecular-clock dating, and coalescence approaches with population genomic tests, to probe the hybridization between the date palm and its two closest relatives and provide minimum and maximum timestamps for its reticulated evolution. The Saqqara date palm shares a close genetic affinity with North African date palm populations, and we find clear genomic admixture from both P. theophrasti, and P. sylvestris, indicating that both had contributed to the date palm genome by 2,100 years ago. Molecular-clocks placed the divergence of P. theophrasti from P. dactylifera/P. sylvestris and that of P. dactylifera from P. sylvestris in the Upper Miocene, but strongly supported, conflicting topologies point to older gene flow between P. theophrasti and P. dactylifera, and P. sylvestris and P. dactylifera. Our work highlights the ancient hybrid origin of the date palms, and prompts the investigation of the functional significance of genetic material introgressed from both close relatives, which in turn could prove useful for modern date palm breeding.

Effect of Chronic Administration of Date Palm Seeds Extract on Some Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative Status and Caspase-3 Expression in Female Albino Rats

Date palm seeds have been debated for their beneficial effects on body health. Present study discussed the influences of chronic exposure palm date seeds extract on hepato-renal integrity and feed efficiency. Twenty one Albino female rats were randomly splitted into 3 groups. Group I, is the control and were given oral propylene glycol 10%. Group II, were given palm date seeds extract (200mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 10% propylene glycol. Group III, were given (400mg/kg body weight) palm date seeds extract dissolved in 10% propylene glycol. Treatments were given by intra gastric route daily for 60 days. Body weight, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio (FER) were determined. Serum liver and kidney functions tests were detected. Serum Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were estimated. Caspase-3 protein expression in kidney and liver was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results revealed improved FER in group II and III than control. Reduction in serum liver and kidney enzymes were evident in group II and III with improvement in albumin and total protein levels. Caspase-3 IHC in liver and kidney exhibited significant (P<0.05) reduction in palm date seeds extract treated groups especially in group III. Palm date seeds extract, seemed to be safe after chronic administration and has beneficial influences on liver and kidney. The beneficial effects of palm date seeds extract seemed due to its antioxidant effect that reduced hepato-renal caspase-3 protein expression.

Biomass derived carbon materials: Synthesis and application towards CO2 and H2S adsorption

AbstractPorous carbon materials derived from palm date seeds, guava seeds and winged beans are proposed as environmentally friendly and efficient adsorbents for CO2 and H2S adsorption. The feedstock is converted into hydrochar via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), at 200°C, for several hours, and the textural properties are tuned using the chemical activation approach with KOH. The activated carbons (ACs) prepared in here are characterized by high surface areas, more than 2000 m2 g‐1, and large pore volumes (1.23 cm3 g‐1). It is observed that a lower concentration of KOH results in a larger number of micropores, leading to improved gas uptake properties. The carbons obtained in here present sponge‐like structure with particle sizes in the range of 5–100 µm. Their morphology is characterized by irregular particle shape with large conchoidal cavities and smooth surfaces. The samples display significant gas adsorption capacity, with 5.47 mmol g‐1 CO2 uptake at 0°C, 1 bar and 4.36 mmol g‐1 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. H2S adsorption is achieved with more than 50% adsorption efficiency in 1 hour exposure time. Through this study we aim to add up to the eco‐friendly and cost‐effective materials, derived from biomass, suitable and efficient in CO2 and H2S adsorption.

The genomes of ancient date palms germinated from 2,000 y old seeds

Seven date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.), radiocarbon dated from the fourth century BCE to the second century CE, were recovered from archaeological sites in the Southern Levant and germinated to yield viable plants. We conducted whole-genome sequencing of these germinated ancient samples and used single-nucleotide polymorphism data to examine the genetics of these previously extinct Judean date palms. We find that the oldest seeds from the fourth to first century BCE are related to modern West Asian date varieties, but later material from the second century BCE to second century CE showed increasing genetic affinities to present-day North African date palms. Population genomic analysis reveals that by ∼2,400 to 2,000 y ago, the P. dactylifera gene pool in the Eastern Mediterranean already contained introgressed segments from the Cretan palm Phoenix theophrasti, a crucial genetic feature of the modern North African date palm populations. The P. theophrasti introgression fraction content is generally higher in the later samples, while introgression tracts are longer in these ancient germinated date palms compared to modern North African varieties. These results provide insights into crop evolution arising from an analysis of plants originating from ancient germinated seeds and demonstrate what can be accomplished with the application of a resurrection genomics approach.

Evaluation of The Efficiency of Date Seeds as a Carrier of PGPR Inoculants Under Different Storage Temperature

Two isolates of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria were used in this experiment, After confirming that these strains belong to Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescence by using agronomic and morphological characteristics, these strains were grown on slants and transferred to liquid broth (NB) in the rotary shaker to prepare mother (starter) culture which contains 31 x 108, 37 x 108 CFU.ml-1 for each strain. Date palm seeds were used as a carrier for these strains, which had two types (the seeds of Rutab dates and the seeds of the molasses date), these strains were mixed with 10 g for each type of date palm seeds and then divided into two groups. The first group was stored at 4° c and the second group was stored at 25° c for 120 days. Survival cells were counted for each microbial combination every 30 days of storage. The results showed the ability of the date seeds material of both types to maintain the density of the bacterial inoculum, whether B. megaterium or P.flourescence throughout the storage period of 120 days. The combination of S3 retained the highest population density of the inoculum cells after 120 days of storage, for both storage grades 4 and 25° c recording log 7.37 and 7.93 CFU/g, While the combination S2 recorded the lowest microbial density of the inoculum cells which was log 6.25 and 6.32 cfu/g. The date seed (al-Rutab, molasses) maintained a constant level of decrease in the numbers of live cells of the Pseudomonas fluorescence (S3, S4) at both storage degrees, the percentage of reduction was 22 and 16% respectively at the end of period storage, as for B. megaterium the combination S1 and S2 were recorded 18 and 30%.

Synthesis and Characteristic Study of Composite Zinc Oxide and Functionalized Activated Carbon with Investigation of its Adsorption Ability : A Kinetic Study

This work involves preparation of activated carbon (ACs) that is derived from Iraqi zahdy date palm seeds (IZDPS). This ACs then were functionalized using HNO3 as an oxidizing agent to yield functionalized activated carbons (FACs). The obtained FACs then combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles to produce activated carbon/zinc oxide(AC/ZnO). The obtained composites were investigated using different methods such as X-rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and specific surface area (BET). The adsorption activity of these materials were conducted by following removal of Celestin blue B (CBB) dye from simulated textile wastewaters. Different reaction conditions were investigated such as pH effect, the effect of both contact time and the mass of the used adsorbent on the efficiency of dye removal. Removal of CBB dye over the suspension was investigated by measuring the absorbance of supernatant liquid at a wavelength of 644 nm. Adsorption isotherms were investigated using both by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and the results were more fitted with Langmuir model. The kinetics of adsorption was investigated and the obtained results were fitted with pseudo second order kinetics model.

Adsorption studies of acid dye – Eosin yellow on date palm seeds, goethite and their composite

Abstract The adsorption study of acid dye-eosin yellow (EY) on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seed, goethite and their composite was conducted using batch technique. The effects of initial concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, agitation time and temperature were evaluated, and found to have remarkable influence on the adsorption processes with adsorbents performance in the order; composite (COM)>goethite (GT)>thermally activated carbon (TAC)>chemically activated carbon (CAC)>raw date palm seeds (RDS). The data fitted well into all tested isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) except RDS which fitted only Langmuir model. The overall maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 30.30 mg/g was reported for the COM. The data fitted perfectly pseudo-second order and film diffusion models. The obtained thermodynamic parameters revealed that the reactions were exothermic (- ΔH), feasible, and spontaneous (- ΔG except RDS). There was decrease in the degree of randomness at the solid-liquid interface (ΔS ranges from −0.02 to −0.27 kJ/mol) excluding COM.

Use of Endemic Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seeds as an Insoluble Dietary Fiber: Effect on Turkey Meat Quality

In order to enhance the quality of a meat product, turkey burgers with a low-fat and a high-fiber level were formulated by the incorporation of insoluble fibers from Tunisian Deglet Nour date seeds as insoluble fiber concentrate (IFC) at 3%, 5%, and 10% (w/w). Compared to Deglet Nour date seeds powder (DSP), physicochemical results revealed that IFC presented higher ( P < 0.05) levels in carbohydrates at 88.85% and lower values of fat (5.94%), protein (3.81%), and ash (2.35%). For the technofunctional properties, IFC improved the oil-holding capacity (OHC) by 57.14% compared to DSP. IFC addition into turkey burgers was also instrumentally investigated by color (L ∗ , a ∗ , and b ∗ ) and textural parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and elasticity) and sensory attributes using a 5-point hedonic scale. Furthermore, IFC changed significantly the color of the formulated products. In addition, hardness and adhesiveness values of all experiments increased significantly ( P < 0.05) with the increase of the incorporation levels compared to the control sample. Regarding sensory analysis, formulated with 5 % IFC, turkey burger samples were most appreciated by the panel with higher ( P < 0.05) overall acceptability. Additionally, two multivariate exploratory techniques, namely, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were used to all obtained data describing the main characteristics attributed to refrigerated turkey meat samples. The applied chemometric approaches were useful in discriminating meat samples and therefore offer an approach to rely interrelationships between meat quality traits. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential functional and economic utility of IFC as a promising ingredient for future healthy meat applications.

Bioethanol Production from Date Seed Cellulosic Fraction Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This study investigates the feasibility of producing ethanol from date palm seeds. The chemical compositions of three varieties of date seeds were first studied, showing mainly the presence of cellulose and hemicellulose. Ethanol was produced after a pre-treatment of date seeds using acid hydrolysis to extract the cellulosic fraction and to remove the lignin. Producing ethanol by fermentation was performed using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24 h, during which ethanol yield, biomass concentration, and total reducing sugars were recorded. The results obtained showed that the sugar content decreased over time, while ethanol production increased. Indeed, date seeds gave the highest ethanol concentration of 21.57 g/L after 6 h of alcoholic fermentation. These findings proved the feasibility of producing ethanol from date seeds.

ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER USING DATE PALM SEEDS, GOETHITE AND THEIR COMPOSITE

The adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) onto Raw Date-palm Seeds (RDS), Thermally Activated Carbon (TAC), Chemically Activated Carbon (CAC), Goethite (GT) and their Composite (COM) were studied using batch equilibrium technique. Variations of sorptive properties such as initial solution concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature had a remarkable influence on the adsorption processes. The data fitted well tested isotherm models in the order; Langmuir (R2 = 0.942 and 0.963) > Freundlich (0.886 and 0.948) > Temkin (0.869 and 0.83) for GT and COM respectively. That of CAC and TAC was best described by Freundlich and Langmuir models respectively while RDS showed very poor fittings. Pseudo-second order and film diffusion models best described the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption was feasible, spontaneous (∆G < 0) and exothermic (except MB-CAC with ∆H being positive). The combined results of isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies suggested a combined chemisorptions and physisorptions processes. Also, the kinetic modeling suggested that intra-particle and film diffusions occurred simultaneously and/or in combination with other processes in the mechanism of adsorption.

PROXIMATE, ANTIOXIDANT AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF COFFEE SUBSTITUTE DEVELOPED FROM SEEDS OF ADANSONIA DIGITATA L. AND PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.

The use of coffee as a beverage is a widespread practice all over the world. However, the adverse effects of caffeine is a challenge for consumers, hence the need for development of coffee substitutes. This study explored the proximate, free-radical scavenging (DPPH) and sensory properties of coffee substitute developed from seeds of Adansonia digitata L. and Phoenix dactylifera L. Seeds were processed into coffee through drying, roasting and milling. Analytical procedures were carried out following standard procedures. Sensory properties of the two coffee substitutes were compared to that of a commercial coffee. Baobab coffee had significantly higher (p<0.05) ash, protein, fat, fiber and carbohydrate content than those from date palm seeds. While the normal coffee scored higher in aroma and flavor compared to the coffee substitutes, the overall acceptability of baobab coffee was comparable to that of normal coffee. In conclusion, these coffee substitute have nutritional benefits and are acceptable by consumers. However, further technological developments are required to improve the aroma and flavor to a level comparable to that true coffee.

Multiobjective optimization ofPhoenix dactyliferaL. seeds extraction: Mixture design methodology for phytochemical contents and antibacterial activity

On the basis of Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds, the effect of acetone, ethanol, and water on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli was examined. Here, the augmented simplex-centroid mixture design was implemented. All the independent and response variables were fitted to linear, quadratic, and special cubic models. The best results were obtained for the ternary mixtures, presenting TPC, TFC, TAC, L. monocytogenes, and anti-S. enterica activities; acetone–ethanol (53.32%–45.31%) with 25.46 mm for anti-S. aureus and acetone–water (50.19%–48.11%) with 24.56 mm for anti-E. coli activities were the best solvent mixtures. Optimal mixture predicted for highest phytochemical content corresponds to 22.39%, 37.37%, and 40.24% of acetone, ethanol, and water, respectively. While the optimal extraction mixture predicted for anti-foodborne pathogens activities contains 39.72% of acetone, 18.87% of ethanol, and 41.41% of water. Practical applications Recently, the tendency toward application of phytochemicals as safer antimicrobial agents has been increased. In this regard, Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds have high antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This work demonstrated that solvent mixtures have been shown to extract significantly amounts of phenolic compounds with antibacterial activity. Thus, date palm seeds extracts can be used as natural and niche preservatives for the pharmacy, food, and cosmetics industries.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extracts of palm date seeds (phoenix dactylifera L.) and its application in increasing the anti-inflammatory effect of piroxicam drug

A simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis technique of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the extracts of palm date seeds (DS) and their applicability in the biomedical field have been developed. Palm date seeds (DS) were used as reducing and stabilising agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Different preparation techniques have been tested for the green-synthesis of AgNPs using DS extracted by different solvent media at different conditions. The solvents used were water, boiling water, acidic media, alkaline media, methanol and ethanol. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed using surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) at λ = 450 nm. Water and alkaline DS extracts have given high absorbance of well-defined SPR band. On contrary, acidic extracts have given random SPR with weak absorbance. DS extracts obtained using boiling water have shown small and broad absorbance of SPR band. It was found that the formation of AgNPs in water was more efficient than in methanol and ethanol. AgNPs were characterised by TEM. In addition, AgNPs have been used as a carrier for piroxicam anti-inflammatory drug and were characterised using FTIR. The anti-inflammatory effect of piroxicam-loaded AgNPs has been studied using the inhibition of albumin denaturation and has shown a considerable increase in protein denaturation inhibition (34.1% I) if compared to the standard piroxicam’s 19.9% inhibition.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Salak Menjadi Produk Unggul Melalui Model Industri Kreatif Di Kecamatan Kapas Kabupaten Bojonegoro

Home industry "Mother Arum" is a home industry in the area of ​​Bojonegoro salak wedi agrotourism and produces a variety of preparations from salak fruit such as date palm, madumongso salak, dodol salak, molen salak, and coffee zalacca seeds. Organic waste in the form of zalacca skin which is the residual consumption of zalacca or the rest of zalacca processing for other food products that are currently produced in this home industry and the local community is very abundant. Phytochemical test results showed the skin of zalacca contains flavonoids and tannins and a little alkaloid. 
 The content of flavonoids in zalacca skin extract can reduce glucose levels in the blood. The ethanol extract of zalacca skin contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, polyphenolates, flavonoids, 1mbien, quinones, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Based on the value of antioxidant capacity and IC50, zalacca skin extract has great potential to be marketed as a food product as an antioxidant drink that is good for health, but also as an effort to use zalacca skin so that it has economic value. The solution to this problem is to process wedi zalacca skin into a processed product in the form of zalacca tea and make its marketing strategy online or offline. The proposed activity plan is the training of salak skin production in the "Mother of Arum" home industry and the creation of a marketing strategy. This is expected to be able to provide knowledge, skills and increase competitiveness in the form of product diversification in the "Mother of Arum" home industry.
 Keywords: Productivity, Machinery, Electric Motors, Production Capacity 

Possible mechanisms for the renoprotective effects of date palm fruits and seeds extracts against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

PurposeThis work investigates the possible renoprotective effects of date palm fruits and seeds extract against renal ischemia and their underlying mechanisms. Methods108-Sprague Dawle male rats were randomly allocated into 6 equal groups differently receiving aqueous or methanolic fruit and seed extracts. Assay of serum creatinine, BUN and TNF-α, morphological examination of the left kidney, markers of the redox state (MDA, CAT, and GSH), the expression of TNFα and Nrf2 genes at the level of mRNA, the expression of caspase-3 and TGF-β proteins by immunohistochemistry were performed. Results45-min renal I/R caused significant deterioration of kidney functions (increase in serum creatinine and BUN) and morphology (P < 0.001) and significant reduction in CAT activity and GSH levels with significant increase in serum TNF-α and MDA concentration and the expression of Nrf2, caspase-3, TNF-α, and TGF-β in kidney tissues. Pre-treatment with either date palm fruit or seed extracts significantly improved kidney functions and morphology (P ≤ 0.001) with a significant increase in the expression of Nrf2 and CAT activity, and GSH concentration and a reduction in serum TNF-α and expression of caspase-3, TNF-α, and TGF-β (P < 0.001). ConclusionsAdministration of date palm extracts exhibited a renoprotective effect against renal I/R injury.This renoprotective action might be due to their antioxidants, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions. Moreover, aqueous fruit extracts offered powerful renoprotective effect than aqueous seed extracts, and aqueous fruit and seed extracts were generally more effective than methanolic extracts.

Roasted date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera) as an alternative coffee: chemical composition and bioactive properties

Less used date palm fruits, as Bouhattam variety, are being converted into coffee through a roasting thermal process. Therefore, laboratory assays were conducted to investigate chemical and cytotoxic proprieties of this commercial coffee. Mineral content determination showed that roasted seeds of Bouhattam were a source of K+ and Ca2+. Date seed powder was fractionated successively using organic solvents of increasing polarity (cyclohexane, CYHA; dichloromethane, DCM; and methanol, MeOH). While the best yield was recorded for CYHA fraction, the MeOH extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity associated with highest total polyphenol content (TPC) (56.7 mg eq GAE/g dry wt). LC-MS analysis revealed that two major phenolic compounds were identified in methanolic extract: protocatechic acid (67.6 mg/100 g dry wt), which is generally found in tea and quinic acid (39.5 mg/100 g dry wt), known as the main compound of coffee beans. Vitamin E was identified only in the MeOH extract and vitamin K1 was identified in DCM and CYHA ones. GC-MS data showed that the roasted date seed coffee was decaffeinated, and the most volatile compounds were identified as fatty acids in the CYHA extract. All tested organic extracts against MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines displayed lower cytotoxicity. Taken together, obtained results argued that roasted seed powder of Bouhattam variety is an excellent decaffeinated beverage enriched with polyphenols and vitamins concomitant with high antioxidant potential and lower cytotoxicity.

Palm date (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds: A rich source of antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Two varieties of palm date seeds (PDS), Sukkari and Khalas, were examined for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Total phenol content was 2 014.37 ± 212.05 and 2 060.40 ± 176.0 mg GAE 100 g–1 dry weight (DW); and total flavonoid content was 83.98 ± 1.10 and 94.97 ± 1.36 mg QE 100 g–1 DW for Sukkari and Khalas, respectively. PDS extracts showed potential scavenging activity against ABTS, DDPH, and hydroxyl radical; the calculated IC50s were 431.17 ± 12.45, 400 ± 10.87 and 680 ± 18.12 µg for Sukkari, and 476 ± 20.25, 302.24 ± 14.08 and 284.18 ± 11.62 µg for Khalas, respectively. PDS extracts did not show potential activity against superoxide anion. Both extracts showed a high percentage of reducing power as the calculated FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) concentrations were 12.66 ± 1.08 and 16.14 ± 1.94 mmol ascorbic acid equivalent 100 g–1 for Sukkari and Khalas, respectively. Bacillus subtilis showed a remarkable sensitivity to PDS extracts; the inhibition zones were 21 ± 0.82 and 22 ± 0.67 mm for Sukkari and Khalas, respectively. PDS extracts possess good antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and therefore PDS could be effectively used as a natural source of antioxidants and to be detected against gram-positive bacteria.

Chemical Identification of Some Toxic Residues Bioaccumulated in Date Palm Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera)

The dangers resulting in the consumption of contaminated elements found on date fruits or seeds products after exposure to pesticides and toxic chemicals are harmful to health. In the present study, the organic extract of date palm seeds was analyzed using gas chromatography coupling-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results obtained show a high concentration of fatty substances such as trans-oleic acid, the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid (18.67%) followed by monoenoic fatty acids, such as oleic acid methyl ester (8.87%). Secondary metabolites such as phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-(4.97%), beta-ionone, methyl-(1.05%) and alkaloids such as elaeagnine (1.22%) were measured at low concentrations. Thirteen compounds belonging to linear hydrocarbons were found at a rate of 12.08%. The seeds were also exposed to pesticides such as diethyl parathion (9.84%) and toxic residues such as thiophene,3-butyl-,1,1-dioxide (0.51%) known to be toxic for human consumption.

Evaluation of the level of biomolecules isolated from date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera) and in vitro Antioxidant property.

Date palm fruits and by-products such as seeds are a source of various elements with significant nutritional values like fibres, minerals, essential fatty acids, amino acids and phenolic compounds. The experimental part was carried out on date palm seeds from Bent Kbala cultivar, the chemical composition of the organic fraction was determined using the method of UV-visible spectrophotometer, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD).The results revealed the presence of catechic tannins and approximately 17 phenolic compounds, including two compounds, which were identified for the first time in the date palm sub-product, especially in seeds such as naringenin and rutine. The assessment of the antioxidant potential shows that date palm seeds have a significant potential compared to standard antioxidants commonly used in cosmetics and neutraceutics industries.