Palm Ash Research Articles

A comprehensive review on the impact of micro and nano palm oil fuel ash in cementitious material

The supplementary cementitious material (SCM) has been introduced as a cement replacement in the concrete or mortar mix design for reducing the emission of carbon gases during the manufacturing of cement. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is one of the potential agricultural wastes SCM that is rich in silica content and can be used as cement replacement. However, the inconsistent particle characteristic of the raw POFA due to the uncontrolled incineration condition brings deterioration effect in the concrete’s fresh and mechanical properties. Therefore, many papers conducted fineness reduction approach and other treatment processes to produce the micro and nano scale POFA as a suitable cement replacement. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of micro and nano palm ash on cementitious materials properties, focusing on the potential of nano palm ash for future work. A detailed comparison is made between the treatment process, chemical and physical properties of micro and nano palm ash, later focuses on the fresh and hardened properties of various sizes of POFA-based concrete and mortar. Nano palm ash has a smaller particle size, higher silica content, and lower unburnt carbon than micro palm ash, resulting in improved fresh properties and early age-hardened properties of concrete when using nano palm ash.

Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Tandan Sawit Dan Variasi Fly Ash Terhadap Nilai CBR Dan Permeabilitas Tanah

Soft clay soil has a relatively low subgrade bearing capacity and relatively large subgrade compression and lasts for a relatively long time so that it becomes a major problem in the development of transportation infrastructure. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of a mixture of palm bunch ash and variations of fly ash on the CBR value of clay soil and to determine the effect of a mixture of palm bunch ash and variations of fly ash on the permeability of clay soil. One of the efforts to improve soft clay soil is by adding palm bunch ash as a stabilizing agent on the soil. This study uses a variation of ash of palm bunches as much as 7.5% and fly ash of 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% of dry soil weight. The result of CBR penetration of Original Soil is 6.9% and for the addition of 7.5% Palm Oil Bunches + 0% Fly Ash decreased by 4.8%, however the CBR value increases with the addition of Fly Ash percentage, 15% Fly Ash + 7.5% Palm Oil Bunches the CBR value is 5.3% , Fly Ash 30% + Oil Palm Bunches 7.5% CBR value of 5.8% and with the addition of Fly Ash 45% + Oil Palm Bunches 7.5% an increase in CBR value of 6.1%, while the results of the Permeability Coefficient of Original Soil are 0.000888 and for Original Soil with the added material of 7.5% Palm Bunches and 0% Fly Ash of 0.0013 with a difference of 0.000412, while the addition of fly ash variations for the variation of 7.5% Palm Bunches + 15% Fly Ash the permeability value of 0.0007 decreased permeability

Pengaruh Waktu Pemeraman Terhadap Nilai Kuat Tekan Bebas Dan Permeabilitas Tanah Lempung Yang Dicampur Dengan Semen Dan Abu Ampas Tebu

Soft clay has a relatively low subgrade bearing capacity and relatively large subgrade compression and lasts for a relatively long time so that it becomes a major problem in the development of transportation infrastructure. One of the efforts to improve soft clay soil is by adding bagasse ash and cement as a stabilizing agent on the soil. The research aims to determine the curing time on the value of unconfined compressive strength in clay soil after adding bagasse ash and cement, the permeability value of clay soil after adding bagasse ash and cement and the comparison value of unconfined compressive strength with curing time. This study used a variation of 0%,5%,10%,15% of palm bunch ash and cement by 5% of the dry weight of the soil. The test results of the free compressive strength value with a curing time of 0 days at 5% Cement + Sugar Bagasse Ash 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% there was an increase and decrease in the value of the free compressive strength (Qu), in this case the highest Qu was in the variation cement 5% and bagasse ash 10% with a curing time of 14 days an increase in cohesion value of 0.716. The permeability coefficient increases with the increase in the percentage of bagasse ash with a fixed percentage of cement. With an average increase in the coefficient of permeability of 0.0149.

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Recycled PET Strips with Palm Leaf Ash for Sustainable Soil Stabilization

This research paper addresses the urgent environmental concern of waste management by focusing on sustainable consumption by utilizing waste plastic and palm leaves to stabilize soil in geotechnical engineering. The study examines the impact of incorporating recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) strips and palm leaf ash (PLA) into clayey sand to enhance its engineering properties. The investigation involved mixing varying proportions of recycled PET strips (10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm in length) with clayey sand, ranging from 0% to 2% by weight of the soil with a 0.5% increment for PET strips. Similarly, PLA was mixed with the clayey sand at proportions ranging from 0% to 12% by weight of the soil with a 3% increment. The strength parameters of lateritic soil were analyzed through the execution of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), triaxial, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The optimum mixture was determined to be 2% recycled PET strips with a length of 30 mm and 12% PLA by weight of the soil. This specific combination exhibited significantly improved strength parameters for the lateritic soil, highlighting its potential for sustainable soil stabilization in geotechnical applications.

Interventions on coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A case study of potassium supplementation in management of COVID-19

One of the complications of COVID-19 is its effect on electrolyte, mainly manifesting in hypokalaemia. Reversal of hypokalemic state in COVID-19 patients will be of beneficial effect to the patients. This study explored ways of improving the hypokalemic state in such patients. The fortification of potable water was actualized using palm bunch ash (PBA) derived from organic material, the empty palm fruit bunch (Elaeis guineensis) hereafter referred to as palm potash or palm potassium carbonate (PPC). Palm potassium carbonate (PPC) was obtained by complete combustion of empty palm fruit bunch to ashes. The resultant ash was allowed to cool for 24 hours and stored in a desiccator. This ash was used for potassium supplementation in potable water. The potassium fortified potable water was prepared using PPC (conc. approx. 20 g/l) and dispensed as 0.5 ml (10 drops) of PPC solution in 750 ml of potable water, Eva, premium table water TM. Ten volunteers of either sex were used for the study. At the commencement of the protocol, each volunteer had initial blood sample collected for electrolyte analysis so that each volunteer served as his or her own control. Thereafter, 3 liters of PPC fortified potable water was administered to each volunteer daily for 14 days. At the end of the first 7 days, blood samples were collected from the volunteers and further samples were collected on the 14th day. Results showed an increase in serum potassium level with a mean value of 3.6 ± 0.23 mmol/L at commencement of study (control) and a mean final value of 3.87± 0.15 mmol/L or 7.5% increase. This increase is statistically significant at p≤0.01. The rise in serum potassium following ingestion of PPC fortified potable water is sufficient to overcome the hypokalemic state of COVID-19 patients and other individuals with hypokalemia.

TREATED SEA COMPONENTS CONCRETE

This paper has introduced the concept of sustainable concrete. To save pure water and sand quarries, both seawater and sea sand have been used in concrete mix instead of pure water and normal sand. In addition, the cement has been partially replaced by ash from palm tree wastes to address the effect of salinity on the mechanical properties of the concrete. The workability and compressive strength of concrete were investigated for various percentages of replacement of sea-sand and palm tree waste ash. The slump and compression tests were completed, with the concrete compression test completed after 7 days and 28 days of curing with seawater. The results showed that replacing 30% of the normal sand with sea-sand and 5% of the cement with palm ash wastes in the presence of seawater as a full replacement of the tap water increased the compressive strength by 48.5% when compared to normal concrete with sea water as a mixing water.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Sabut dan Tempurung Kelapa Sawit sebagai Silica Gel

The increase in the area of oil palm in Indonesia also causes an increase in the amount of palm oil waste. Waste in the form of coir and palm shells is thrown away. While the content of silica (SiO2) in both materials is feasible to be utilized. Silica gel is a form of utilization of oil palm coir and shells. The results of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the silica (SiO2) content in palm coir ash was 27.5%, while 36.10% was in palm shell ash. Silica gel is an adsorbent produced by the sol-gel method, namely the formation of a gel derived from precursor compounds. The precursor compound in the formation of silica gel is sodium silicate solution (Na2SiO3) which is produced from the extraction process of coir ash and palm shells using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solvent. The concentration of NaOH used varied, namely 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 M. The aging times used for the formation of silica gel also varied, namely 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours. Dry silica gel with the highest quantity of 5.4115 grams was obtained by adding NaOH with a concentration of 9 M and a aging time of 20 hours. While the silica gel which has the most suitable water content and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) graphic pattern with Kiesel Gel 60 G is silica gel resulting from the addition of 3M NaOH with a aging time of 8 hours. However, the results of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis of silica gel showed results that were not in accordance with silica gel in general.

Effect of Raffia Palm Ash (RPA) on the Compressive Strength of Concrete

Effect of Raffia Palm Ash (RPA) on the Compressive Strength of Concrete

Properties of Sustainable Concrete Containing Different Percentages and Particles of Oil Palm Ash as Partial Sand Replacement

Oil palm shell (OPS) in concrete is well studied as an alternative material of fine aggregate in concrete, as a way to use agricultural waste, and helps to contribute to environmental sustainability and economical construction cost. However, OPS addition will lead to lower properties of the concrete, and much research focuses on treating the OPS to overcome it. Many previous works focused on replacement without examining the effect of different particle sizes of OPS. Hence, this study focuses on the performance of concrete with different particle sizes of OPS as sand replacers in concrete at 25% and 50%. The physical and permeability properties of concrete prepared with OPS particle sizes in the ranges between 600μm to 4.75mm (L), 300μm to 1.18mm (M), and of less than 600μm (S) and two different percentages of 25% and 50% by weight as sand replacement are examined. More than 200 cubes, cylinders, and prisms were tested to determine their physical, mechanical, and permeability properties. The workability was measured by the slump height, the mechanical properties by the compressive strength test, flexural strength test, splitting tensile test, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test, and rebound hammer test. While the permeability properties by the water penetration test, sorptivity test, and rapid chloride permeability test. The findings showed that increasing the particle sizes of OPS would reduce concrete’s physical and permeability properties. The optimum OPS particle size for structural concrete grade 30 is less than 600μm. With OPS particles of 600um, green concrete using OPS can be made for medium to low-strength applications in the construction industry.

A Review on The Compressive Strength and Workability of Concrete with Agricultural Waste Ash as Cement Replacement Material

Concrete is commonly used as a construction material because of the important properties is broadly utilized as development materials within the development segment. Unfortunately, the component of cement within the concrete results in many side-effects such as affecting the environment. Therefore, this paper presented the review of essential to seek out an alternative materials which may be utilized as cement replacement materials by reutilizing agricultural waste ash. Selected agricultural waste ash which are Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA), Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SBA) and Oyster Shell Powder (OSP) were review in terms of their compressive strength and slump height of the mixture. The treated palm oil ash which is going to be used as partial cement replacement material for the proper design mix and optimal ash replacement. The replacement percentage of palm ash in the concrete were set at 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight with the optimal replacement ratio of the supplementary cementitious content. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) is a material that having sufficient requirements to be a good pozzolana and cementitious material according to ASTMC618 in terms of chemical composition. POFA is a material that consists high silica contents. By having more silica contents, it will help to improve the properties, in particular its compressive strength, bond strength, and abrasion resistance. After conducting several research, it was concluded that the optimal replacement for POFA is 20% and it is better to have finer POFA. POFA also proved some of the important properties is the CO2 emissions would be reduce.

Oil palm leaf ash's effect on the growth and yield of Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L.)

<abstract> <p>The production of Chinese cabbage (<italic>Brassica rapa</italic> L.) has not been able to keep up with consumers' demand. Appropriate application of fertilizers is a key element in boosting plant productivity. One of the problems faced when fertilizing is that plant nutrient uptake has low efficiency. The application of basic nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilizers is typically the main emphasis of traditional agriculture, whereas the need for micronutrients, including Si, receives less consideration. Organic and inorganic materials are sources of Si nutrients. Currently, organic materials include straw or rice husks. The use of oil leaf palm waste as a source of nutrients is relatively still rare. The oil palm leaf ash in the production of Chinese cabbage is still not yet been researched. This analysis aims to know the optimal of oil palm leaf ash for the growth and yield of Chinese cabbage. The growth parameters measured 40 days after planting: leaf number, plant height, crown diameter, and fresh weight were impacted by the usage of oil palm leaf ash. A combination of oil palm ash at a concentration of 3.75 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and manure at a concentration of 1500 kg/m<sup>2</sup> produced the greatest results. In general, the usage of oil palm leaf ash affected the growth of Chinese cabbage, but the results could not be statistically separated from the role of manure as a source of NPK for plants. It was also demonstrated that the use of oil palm leaf ash increased the resistance of Chinese cabbage to armyworms. Therefore, Si for agriculture it can be utilized from oil palm leaf ash as a natural source.</p> </abstract>

Characteristics of Heterogeneous Catalysts Fly Ash Fraction of Light Shell and Fiber of Palm Oil Mill Solid Waste Grown on Peatlands

Utilization of biomass from agricultural waste in Indonesia is still not optimal. Biomass from agricultural waste containing of Si and Ca can be used for the manufacture of heterogeneous base catalysts. The catalyst produced will be applied to the manufacture of biodiesel. A biodiesel quality test and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) test are carried out, including chemical composition analysis test (X-RD), three-dimensional structure (SEM), material characterization (FT-IR), surface and basic properties (BET), and mass-weight change (TGA). The research method used is an experimental method, where this research was carried out in 3 stages; the first stage is to determine the test and characteristics of crude palm oil raw material, the second is on the manufacture of palm ash catalyst, and the third is the application of a heterogeneous catalyst based on palm fly ash in the manufacture of biodiesel. The results on the characteristics of crude palm oil after purification using 5% shell activated charcoal showed an increase in quality, including the number of free fatty acids 3.86% w/w, water content 0.0015%, impurities content 0.0485%. The acid number of 13.840mgKOH/g is still within the quality standard, while for the quality of the biodiesel produced, the calcination catalyst treatment at a temperature of 700ºC for 5 hours for the density parameter is 0.860g/ml, water content is 0.03%-wb, iodine number is 26.30gI2/100g, saponification number 90.88mgKOH/g, and free fatty acid number 0.38%w/w have values according to biodiesel standard ASTM D6751. Catalyst calcined at 700ºC 5 hours found mesopore (7.93 nm) with a surface area 25.288 m²/g. It also has CaO around 36º peaks, where catalyst particles are spherical with a smooth surface.

Synthesis, analysis, and multi-faceted applications of solid wastes-derived silica nanoparticles: a comprehensive review (2010-2022).

The synthesis of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has emerged as an extensive area of research in the last century. Owing to their instinctive properties like modifiable mesoporous structure, high surface area, adjustable pore size, and pore volume, SiNPs could be utilized in numerous fields like chemical, biochemical, catalysis, adsorption, and pollution control. Conventionally, SiNPs are produced by tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS), and sodium silicate, which are toxic and expensive. Therefore, the development of green, cost-effective approaches for the synthesis of SiNPs is highly desirable. In this course, during the last decade, silica-rich solid wastes (rice husk, corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, palm ash, fly ash, waste glass, waste packaging materials, photonic industrial wastes, etc.) were acknowledged as economical precursors to produce green SiNPs. In this respect, the present review focuses on reviewing several solid waste materials used for the synthesis of SiNPs, their properties, and different characterization techniques used for the analysis of SiNPs. The present review also accounts for the potential applications of such green SiNPs in several fields like catalysis, adsorption, biomedical applications, and energy storage. Moreover, despite the potential applications of SiNPs, still there is a lot to explore about their synthesis and utilization. Hence, in the last section of this review, future scope, challenges, and risk assessment of SiNPs have been discussed.

The effect of filler adding palm kernel shell ash on durability and marshall values properties of asphalt concrete mix

Lampung Province is one of the palm oil producers, especially in Way Kanan Regency. Way Kanan Regency has two palm oil-producing mills, namely PT. Sawit Indo Mas which is located in Kampung Tanjung Raja Sakti Blambangan Umpu and PT PLP which is located in Kampung Bumi Agung, Bahuga District. The two factories duce thousands of tons of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) vegetable oil daily produced from palm fruit plants (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq, Arecaceae). From oil management, it is undeniable that it can create a lot of solid waste from the palm shell. Meanwhile, the government has not made much effort to use the waste from the waste. When managing palm fruit, palm shells cannot be processed into oil because they have a hard texture, so the shells are discarded and become waste. Then we use the shell for research material as a filler. Palm shell ash has a silicon dioxide (SiO2) content which is also contained in Portland cement, so this content can allow the acquisition of a good asphalt mixture on the AC-BC layer. This study aims to see the effect of the effectiveness of adding shell ash fillers from palm shell waste in marshall test tests and value the resulting durability. The addition of fillers with percentages of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%and 60%. From the results obtained from the test results in the laboratory that the addition of shell ash fillers of 40% gets better performance compared to shell ash with percentages of 20%, 30%, and 60%, with a higher state value of 1225 kg shown. In marshall testing, using palm shell ash fillers can increase the value of KAO. So that from the marshall test, the durability value of the sample immersion at the IRS value of 0% was 98.4% greater than the 40%, which was 91.13%. Overall, using palm shell ash fillers meets the minimum requirements of Bina Marga as an asphalt mixture. The degree of weather change in immersion durability affects the strength level of the marshall test.

Perubahan Nilai CBR Pada Tanah Lempung Yang Dicampur Abu Tandan Sawit

CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value is usually used to determine the bearing capacity of a soil type. Soil conditions with low bearing capacity are often found in clay soil types. There are several ways to increase the CBR value of clay, one of which is by adding palm bunch ash. In this research, an analysis of changes in the CBR value of clay with addition of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% palm oil bunch ash. The results showed that the largest CBR value was obtained at the addition of 10% of palm oil bunch ash, which was 7.493%.

Applications of Oil Palm Ash and Various Types of Organic Fertilizer on Acid Soil (Ultisol) for Onion (Allium ascalonicum L)

Onion production in Riau Province is still low, while the demand is quite large. Therefore, it is necessary to increase production. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of oil palm ash and various types of organic fertilizers on ultisol soils on the growth and production of shallots. The design used was a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the provision of oil palm ash which consisted of 4 levels of treatment, namely: 0, 200,400, and 600 g/plot. The second factor is various types of organic fertilizers which consist of 4 levels of treatment, namely: without giving organic fertilizer, chicken manure, tankos compost and corn litter bokashi. The parameters observed were plant height, number of tubers per clump, wet tuber weight per clump, dry tuber weight, percentage of tuber weight loss, relative growth rate and nutrient uptake. plants, number of tubers, wet weight per clump, dry weight per clump and tuber weight loss, the best treatment was giving palm ash 400 g/plot and corn litter bokashi. The main effect of giving palm ash bunches was real on all observation parameters, the best treatment was 400 g/plot. The main effect of organic fertilizer was real on all observed parameters. The best treatment was corn litter bokashi.

Effectiveness of silica gel from palm kernel shell ash as a moisture absorber of bottle packaging medicine

Silica gel is widely used in industrial and pharmaceuticals, especially as a moisture absorber. Silica gel can be synthesized from a material containing high SiO2. One of natural material SiO2 resource is palm kernel shell ash (PKSA). PKSA contains 55.2% SiO2. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of silica gel from PKSA as a moisture content absorber for bottle packaging medicine. This study used experimental method with laboratory analysis. The steps in this study were initiated with the preparation of PKSA, synthesis of silica gel from PKSA, characterization of the synthesized silica gel with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) instruments, water content analysis to determine the optimum absorption time of silica gel as a moisture absorber for bottle packaging medicine followed by testing the effectiveness silica gel at the optimum absorption time. The results showed that obtained silica gel from PKSA with a yield of 34%. XRF characterization shows content of SiO2 by 45.13 %. XRD characterization shows the nature of the solid silica gel in the form of crystalline phase. The optimum absorption time is 2 weeks for silica gel from PKSA. The effectiveness of the silica gel from the PKSA is 85.65 % as bottle packaging medicine moisture content absorber. Further analysis is needed on how to minimize the level of impurities in silica gel of PKSA to increase the effectiveness as a bottle packaging medicine moisture absorber.

The Effect of Palm Bunch Ash and Wood Ash on the Growth and Yield of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfaria Occidentalis)

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Palm Bunch and wood ash on the growth and yield performance of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis). The Study was carried out at Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Student Research Farm. The Nekede soil is sandy loam textured, with pH value as low as 4.8 and very deficient in OM and N. Amelioration treatments were carried out by adding organic supplements (palm bunch ash and wood ash) to the soil. The study used a randomized complete block design with 10 t/ha palm bunch ash (PBA), 10 t/ha wood shave ash (WA), 5 t/ha PBA + 5 t/ha WA and a control (no additives added), making a total of four treatments. The treatments were replicated three times. The experimental works were undertaken in field plots. The growth parameters examined were: Plant height, leaf number and vine length and shoot/root ratio, fresh weight. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using least significant difference (LSD). Results of the studies showed that sole application of 10 t/ha PBA and 10 t/ha WA and halved their rates in combination, increased soil pH, N, OC, P, K, Ca and Mg in relation to the control treatment. Combination of palm bunch ash (PBA) and wood ash (WA) significantly enhanced yield in fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis). The study reveals that soil acidity could be neutralized; soil fertility improved and crop yield enhanced with a combination of organic amendments on the ultisols of south-eastern Nigeria.

Homogenizer-intensified room temperature biodiesel production using heterogeneous palm bunch ash catalyst

Waste bio-based materials generated as by-products of palm oil mills have been successfully used as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production. Palm bunch ash (PBA) contains potassium oxide as a major component that could catalyze palm oil to biodiesel at room temperature. The influential transesterification conditions such as ratio molar palm oil to methanol, rotational speed, catalyst weight and reaction time were investigated on biodiesel conversion. The highest conversion of 98.9% was obtained in presence of a ratio molar of 1:15, rotational speed of 4000 rpm, catalyst weight of 18 wt.% and 10 min reaction times. The catalytic stability test revealed that both catalyst amount and K2O concentration decreased after one reaction cycle. However, no calcination is required and the availability of PBA is abundantly in palm oil producer countries increasing its competitiveness to use as a heterogeneous catalyst. In addition, this process could save 6–98% of electricity consumption and 67–87% of reaction time compared to other methods.

Field assessment of the potentials of some plant-derived insecticide against damage caused by Leucinodes orbonalis on eggplant (Solanum gilo) at Umudike, Nigeria

The efficacy of plant-derived insecticides was compared with a synthetic insecticide, Lambda-cyhalothrin over two cropping seasons (2015 and 2016) against Leucinodes orbonalis, the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB) infesting eggplant, Solanum gilo. The plant materials included oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) bunch ash, soursop (Annona muricata) seeds, and goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) leaves. These plant materials were formulated into aqueous extracts of 150 g/L (w/v), while Lambda-cyhalothrin was applied at the rate of 5 mL/L (v/v). The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There were 5 treatments with 3 replications applied on 2 cultivars of eggplants (Afufa Ukwu and Ngwa Large). Percentage fruit damage varied significantly (P< 0.05) with various treatments. The lowest mean percentage fruit damage was observed in the plot treated with Lambda-cyhalothrin (20.38%), followed by goat weed (29.03%), soursop (40.69%), palm bunch ash (43.30%) and the control (67.08%) for 2015 and 2016. Other parameters measured followed the same trend. Mean yield was significantly affected by the treatments. The highest mean yield was obtained from the plots treated with Lambda-cyhalothrin (12,346.6 g), followed by plots treated with goat weed (11,295.0 g), soursop (9877.2 g), palm bunch ash (8729.4 g) and control was the least (6583.0 g). Among the plant extracts, A. conyzoides that recorded low mean percentage damage had very high yield. Therefore, it can be used as insecticides in the control of EFSB.