Pallavicinia Lyellii Research Articles

Status, conservation and ecology of Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. in a key region of England

ABSTRACTIntroduction. Pallavicinia lyellii is recognised as being of principal importance for conservation in England and is threatened with extinction in Europe. The aims of this study were to investigate the current status, conservation and ecology of the species in S Hampshire, a key region for the plant.Methods. All recent and historic locations for Pallavicinia lyellii in S Hampshire were searched and information collected on distribution, abundance and ecology.Results. Pallavicinia lyellii was re-found at three sites. It is almost certainly extinct at two sites and may have been lost from a third. Whilst few colonies were sterile, most comprised a single sex. Colonies with both male and female plants were confined to Cadnam Bog, which supported 49 (91%) of the colonies found. Overall, female shoots occurred at 41 (76%) colonies and males at 26 (48%), producing a female sex bias (1.6:1). All colonies occur in boggy woodland, mostly on the sides of low mounds of damp, acidic, peaty soil developed, due to poaching by ponies and cattle, at the base of trees, usually I. aquifolium. The community mainly comprises a species-poor mix of acidophilous mosses and liverworts, most frequently Mnium hornum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans and Leucobryum juniperoideum.Conclusions. Cadnam Bog appears to support the largest sexually reproducing population of Pallavicinia lyellii in England. The site is specially protected, actively managed with consideration to P. lyellii and seemingly in favourable condition for the plant. Research is needed to quantify canopy shade favoured by the plant and assess implications for woodland management. Future monitoring should include re-survey of populations every 3 yr.

Occurrence of the LiverwortPallavicinia lyelliiin Poland

Stebel, A., Fojcik, B., Rosadziński, S. & Wierzcholska, S. 2018. Occurrence of the liverwort Pallavicinia lyellii in Poland. – Herzogia 31: 26–36.Pallavicinia lyellii, a liverwort species threatened in Europe, is a rare component of the bryoflora in Poland. This paper presents information on its 27 published and new sites, a brief discussion about ecology and threats, as well as a map of its current distribution in Poland.

Current status of diversity and distribution of Bryophytes of Odisha

In an attempt to reveal the biodiversity status of one of the least studied plant groups of Eastern Ghats, the authors have catalogued the diversity and distribution of bryoflora of Odisha situated in the Northern Eastern Ghats biogeographic regions of India. One hundred fourty nine species of bryophytes including 102 mosses under 23 families, 41 liverworts under 16 families and 6 hornworts under 2 families were reported from Odihsa as a result of 7 years of primary survey (2008-2015) conducted in some selected bryodiversity rich habitats covering 12 districts of Odisha and also from scrutiny of different research publications including research papers, books and research reports. In terms of species richness, the Deomali hills was found to be the most diverse in terms of bryophytes followed by Similipal biosphere reserve, Mahendragiri hills, Niyamgiri hills, Baphlimali hills and Khandadhar hills. Deomali hills also showed highest diversity in endemic mosses. Five mosses such as Fissidens orishae Gangulee, Erpodium mangiferae Müll. Hal., Hyophila comosa Dixon, Stereophyllum confusum Ther., Neckeropsis exserta (Hook. ex Schwagr.) Broth. are found to be endemic to India that occur in Odisha. Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort., Anoectangium stracheyanum Mitt., Cyathophorella hookeriana (Griff.) M. Fleisch., Cyathophorum adiantum (Griff.) Mitt., Distichophyllum schmidtii Broth., Eurhynchium striatulum (Spruce) Schimp., Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll. Hal., Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort., Macromitrium sulcatum (Hook.) Brid., Notothylas levieri Schiffner, Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Gray Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda., Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid., Pogonatum neesii (Müll. Hal.) Dozy., Polytrichum commune Hedw., Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw., Racopilum cuspidigerum (Schwagr.) Angstrom, Racopilum orthocarpum Wilson ex Mitt., Riccia beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm., Riccia billardieri Mont. & Nees., Spruceanthus semirepandus (Nees) Verd., Thuidium cymbifolium (Müll. Hal.) Paris, Thuidium koelzii H. Rob., Trematodon longicollis Michx., are some of the new distributional record of occurrence for the Eastern Ghats.The present study reveals that Fissidentaceae, Pottiaceae, Bryaceae, Dicranaceae, Aytoniaceae, Marchantiaceae, Funariaceae and Anthocerotaceae are dominant families in the study area. The authors have also identified few forest pockets and critical habitat in the state where bryophyte diversity shall be very rich that needs a detailed survey in near future. The authors discuss the list of bryophytes of the state in a regional context of rarity, as well as address some general subject matters regarding cryptogam conservation and further work needed in the state of Odisha. The study would provide a prelude data for future bryological studies and bryomonitoring in the Eastern Ghats in general and the state of Odisha in particular.

Volatile constituents and antimicrobial activities of nine South African liverwort species

The volatile constituents of nine liverworts species (Asterella marginata, Dumortiera hirsuta, Fossombronia swaziensis, Marchantia pappeana, Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis, Pallavicinia lyellii, Plagiochasma rupestre, Riccia albolimbata and Symphyogyna podophylla) from South Africa were determined by gas chromatography. Where possible the volatile constituents identified were compared to those reported for the same species from other countries. Among the analysed liverworts, the chemical compositions of A. marginata, F. swaziensis, M. pappeana, and R. albolimbata are reported for the first time. Each of the analysed liverwort species produced its own characteristic components. Thujopsanes, chamigranes and cuparanes were found to be the most characteristic components of M. polymorpha subsp. ruderalis. The presence of dumortane-type sesquiterpenoids in D. hirsuta indicated that this species is similar in chemistry to an Argentinean sample. This is one of only a handful of reports on the presence of this sesquiterpene-type in liverworts. Simple thallose liverworts, S. podophylla and P. lyellii, were characterized by the presence of labdane-type diterpenoids. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of chloroform:methanol (1:1) extracts of the liverworts were evaluated against several important human pathogens using the serial dilution assay. Four of the liverwort species were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values ranging from 0.50 to 1.0mg/mL. Some activity (MIC value of 1.0mg/mL) was also recorded for the crude extracts of P. lyellii and M. pappeana against Escherichia coli. The extract of S. podophylla displayed the best activity towards the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC=1.0mg/mL). Although approximately 300 liverwort species occur in southern Africa, a Scopus search confirmed that this is the first report of the volatile profiles and biological properties of species from the region.

Fluvial Niche Reconnaissance of Noteworthy Bryophytes in Portugal

Abstract The new data here presented allow the reinforcement of the overall knowledge about distribution patterns and niche definition of some aquatic and semi-aquatic bryophytes of chorological and conservation interest (mosses: Cyclodictyon laetevirens, Dendrocryphaea lamyana, Fissidens fontanus, Hookeria lucens, Orthotrichum rivulare, Racomitrium hespericum, Racomitrium lamprocarpum and Schistidium rivulare; hepatics Barbilophozia barbata, Pallavicinia lyellii, Porella pinnata and Radula holtii). These species, considered rather vulnerable to hydrologic changes and with a threat status, were re-evaluated recently in the new Portuguese Atlas and Red Data Book and had extensive updates in their total distribution due to more recent efforts in herbarium revision and field studies in Portugal. As a result, we bring their distribution and auto-ecology up to date based on older records and new collections, showing the importance of systematic and extensive studies to narrow the definition of niches of taxa l...

Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Gray, (Pallaviciniaceae): an addition to the hepatic flora of Maharashtra, India

Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Gray, is reported for the first time from Tillarinagar forest, Western Ghats of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra. Its synonymy, description, range and phytogeographical details are provided.

Chapter Eight: Karyological Studies on Some Liverworts from China and Singapore

Abstract Karyological observations were made on 14 species of liverworts from China and Singapore. The chromosome numbers of four species, Metzgeria consanguinea Schiffn. (n=8), Riccardia elata (Steph.) Schiffn. (n=9+m), Riccardia graeffei (Steph.) Hewson (n=9+m), and Riccardia kodamae Mizut. & S.Hatt. (n=9+m), are reported for the first time. The karyotype formulae of Riccardia elata, Metacalypogeia cordifolia (Steph.) Inoue (n=9), Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. (n=8), Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda (n=8+m), and Scapania ciliata Sande Lac. (n=8+m) are provided. Two different chromosome numbers (n=9, n=9+m) were found in Jubula javanica Steph. Of 14 species investigated cytologically, eight species have an m-chromosome. Riccardia elata is new to the liverwort flora of China.

Differential effects of abscisic acid on desiccation tolerance and carbohydrates in three species of liverworts

Tissues of three species of in vitro grown liverworts, Riccia fluitans, Pallavicinia lyellii, and Marchantia polymorpha, were subjected to rapid drying with and without preculture for 1 week on medium containing 10 microM ABA. ABA preculture initiated total desiccation tolerance in R. fluitans, whereas control tissues were killed after 30 min of drying. Survival was also improved in P. lyellii, whereas ABA did not affect survival of M. polymorpha after rapid drying. ABA treatment did, however, reduce the rate of water loss in M. polymorpha. Total soluble carbohydrates were increased in ABA-treated R. fluitans and P. lyellii, but not in M. polymorpha, although there was no correlation between survival and changes in the percentage of these carbohydrates as reducing sugars. These differences in response to ABA and desiccation likely reflect different adaptations of these three species to conditions in situ.

Antifungal activities of a steroid from Pallavicinia lyellii, a liverwort

<b>Objective:</b> To determine the <i> in vitro</i> antifungal activity of <i> Pallavicinia lyellii</i> , a liverwort and to obtain clues about the active principle(s) and toxicity, if any.<br><b> Materials and Methods: </b> The <i> in vitro</i> antifungal activity of <i> P. lyellii</i> was studied against four test fungi (<i> A. niger, A. fumigatus, F. oxysporum </i> and <i> C. albicans</i> ) using disc diffusion and direct dilution methods. Water, alcohol, and hexane extracts of <i> P. lyellii </i> were<i> </i> tested and the most active alcohol extract was subjected to sequential solvent fractionation. The promising hexane fraction was subjected to thin layer chromatography on silica gel and each spot on the gel was tested for activity and the active spot was chemically analyzed. The alcohol extract was evaluated for its short-term toxicity in mice.<br><b> Results: </b> Water, alcohol, and hexane extracts of <i> P. lyellii</i> showed varying levels of activity against the test fungi; the alcohol extract exhibited maximum activity. Out of the 4 test fungi<i> , A. fumigatus </i> was found to be the most sensitive<i> .</i> The alcohol extract was devoid of conspicuous short-term toxicity to mice. An active hexane fraction was separated from alcohol extract and from this fraction a steroid component with remarkable antifungal activity was isolated using thin layer chromatography (TLC). <br><b> Conclusion: </b> From <i> P. lyellii</i> a steroidal fraction with remarkable <i> in vitro </i> antifungal activity has been isolated. Further, the extract is devoid of conspicuous toxicity based on short-term toxicity evaluation in mice.<br>

Evolutionary Patterns in the Auxin Metabolism of Green Plants

The metabolism, transport, and action of the hormone auxin (indole‐3‐acetic acid; IAA) is thought to regulate the morphological processes responsible for generating the characteristic body plans of green plants. One objective of this study was to determine the general class of the IAA biosynthetic pathway operating in the vegetative apices of the liverwort Pallavicinia lyellii, the moss Polytrichum ohioense, and the pteridophyte Selaginella kraussiana. A new methodology, which is based on the relative ability of unlabeled tryptophan to affect the conversion of 14C‐anthranilate into labeled IAA, established that the predominant IAA biosynthetic pathway(s) in all these plants are tryptophan‐independent pathways. A second objective was to characterize auxin metabolism in the charophycean green alga Nitella sp. and the hornwort Phaeoceros laevis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to measure the levels of free IAA and IAA conjugates, and thin‐layer chromatography was used to determine the nature of IAA conjugates and the rates of IAA conjugate biosynthesis. Growing tips of Nitella thalli have low steady state levels of free IAA and IAA conjugates. Moreover, this alga exhibits very slow rates of IAA conjugate formation, which indicates that its free IAA level is primarily regulated via the balance between the biosynthesis of new IAA molecules and the degradation of existing molecules, as has already been shown for liverworts. By contrast, apical regions of Phaeoceros thalli have much higher free IAA and IAA‐amide conjugate levels under steady state conditions. This hornwort has intermediate to rapid rates of conjugate formation, and, thus, it appears to regulate free IAA levels via the equilibrium between conjugate synthesis versus conjugate hydrolysis, as has repeatedly been observed for mosses and vascular plants. The data presented in this study lead to a more comprehensive perspective on the evolutionary patterns of auxin metabolism in green plants.

New Records for Sphagnum and Other Peatland Bryophytes from Indiana

The bryoflora of 16 peatlands in northern Indiana was surveyed using systematically arranged, 1 m2 quadrats. The peatlands included representa? tives of non-Sphagnum-dominated low-shrub/sedge peatlands, Sphagnum-domi? nated low-shrub peatlands, Sphagnum-dominated tall shrub-carrs, and forested peatlands. Forty-eight taxa representing 26 genera were noted. The Sphagnaceae and the Amblystegiaceae had the greatest representation. Sphagnum magellanicum, S. fimbriatum, and S. recurvum were the most wide-ranging and frequent Sphagna, occurring in as many as 8 of the 16 peatlands examined. Sphagnum fuscum, S. capillifolium, S. isoviitae, S. russowii, and S. squarrosum were infrequent, each occurring at only one station. Mosses of the family Amblystegiaceae were relatively infrequent, occurring chiefly in four of the extremely mineral-rich peatlands; Calliergonella cuspidata had the greatest fre? quency. Aulacomnium palustre had the largest trophic amplitude, occurring at all but one of the stations. New bryophyte records for Indiana included Sphagnum isoviitae Flatb., Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow., Calliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb., Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske, Hypnum pratense Koch ex Spruce, Isopterygium elegans (Brid.) Lindb, and Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) S.F. Gray. Numerous new county records and Indiana range extensions were also noted.

The hepatics, Symphyogyna podophylla and Pallavicinialyellii (Falla viciniaceae) in southern Africa

A detailed description of Symphyogyna podophylla, illustrated with photographs of the thalli and spores, is presented.It is compared to S. hymenophyllum, with which it may be conspecific. The subcosmopolitan Pallavicinia lyellii, also occurring in southern Africa, is described and illustrated with photographs.

Comparative growth patterns of the thalloid liverwortsPallavicinia lyelliiandPellia epiphyllaat Silwood Park, Southern England

Measurements of lobe elongation of the thalloid liverworts Pallavicinia lyellii and Pellia epiphylla were made on shaded streambanks at Silwood Park using a photographic technique. The average cumulative growth of Pallavicinia over 12 months from 1 August 1989 was 8.7 mm compared to 24.7 mm for Pellia. Monthly growth increments of Pallavicinia were positively correlated with average air temperature and accumulated temperatures (day-degrees) in each period. Growth of Pellia was unrelated to temperature. Neither species showed a correlation of growth with rainfall amounts or numbers of wet days, probably because thallus hydration is governed predominantly by soil wetness. Pallavicinia appears to coexist with the more vigorous Pellia by tolerating drier niches than can be endured by Pellia. Persistence of Pallavicinia at this site may be due to the presence of both sexes and frequent colonization of fresh surfaces by spores.

Sporocytic Control of Spore Wall Pattern in Liverworts

Extracellular material preferentially deposited in the sporocyte wall during meiotic prophase serves as an exine precursor in development of the distinctively patterned spore exines of the liverworts Haplomitrium hookerii and Pallavicinia lyellii. This unusual occurrence of prepat-terning of the exine in prophasic sporocytes provides clear structural evidence that control of wall patterning is an integral part of a genetic program triggered in the sporocyte and, at least in some cases, does not depend upon genetic transcription in the haploid nucleus following meiosis.

SPOROCYTIC CONTROL OF SPORE WALL PATTERN IN LIVERWORTS

Extracellular material preferentially deposited in the sporocyte wall during meiotic prophase serves as an exine precursor in development of the distinctively patterned spore exines of the liverworts Haplomitrium hookerii and Pallavicinia lyellii. This unusual occurrence of prepat‐terning of the exine in prophasic sporocytes provides clear structural evidence that control of wall patterning is an integral part of a genetic program triggered in the sporocyte and, at least in some cases, does not depend upon genetic transcription in the haploid nucleus following meiosis.

The Aseptic Culture of Liverworts in Microphytotrons

The Aseptic Culture of Liverworts in Microphytotrons

The genetics of bryophytes. II

Various reports indicate the occurrence of polyploid series of related species among bryophytes as among plants of other groups. There are occasional indications also of the occurrence of different chromosome numbers in strains referred to a single species. Riccia fluitans has been recorded as having 8 (95) and 14 or 15 chromosomes (29). Both Calypogeia Neesiana and Haplozia lanceolata are credited with 9 (95) and 16 to 18 (29). Dumortiera hirsuta, previously reported with 9 (29, 45) or 10 (54), is found (89, 93-95) to occur in Japan in 3 forms having, respectively, 9, 18 and 27. The triplont is more widespread than the haplont or the diplont and appears upon a wider range of geological formations. A diploid form with 18 chromosomes is reported (89) from Tennessee. Polytrichum commune has 7 (35) ; var. uliginosum 7 and an unnamed variety 14 (43). Races of Bryum caespiticium occur with 20 instead of the typical 10 chromosomes (98, 99). Aneuploid races are apparently infrequent in nature. In Pallavicinia Lyellii, whose usual haploid number is 8, 9 chromosomes were found (104, 105) in gametophytes from North Carolina and Texas. Sporophytes from the latter source had 18. In 16-chromosome sporophytes from Virginia, irregular meioses were observed. Such divisions may account for the origin of spores with unusual chromosome numbers. Two gametophytes of Calobryum rotundifolium had 10 chromosomes instead of the usual 9 (78, 95). A gametophyte of Sphaerocarpos Donnellii with a constant chromosome number of 9 instead of 8 developed from an irradiated spore (39). Individuals of this species which are euploid in terms of autosomes but aneuploid with respect to sex chromosomes will be considered later. 'Supplement to article in The Botanical Review 1: 269-291. 1935. 260

Spore Germination and Polarity in Pallavicinia lyellii

Spore Germination and Polarity in Pallavicinia lyellii

Spore Germination and Polarity in Pallavicinia lyellii

Spore Germination and Polarity in Pallavicinia lyellii

Cytological Studies on the Hepaticae. II. The Nucleolus-Chromosome in Pallavicinia Lyellii

American Journal of BotanyVolume 26, Issue 1 p. 41-44 Article CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE HEPATICAE. II. THE NUCLEOLUS-CHROMOSOME IN PALLAVICINIA LYELLII G. B. Wolcott, G. B. Wolcott Department of Biology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TexasSearch for more papers by this author G. B. Wolcott, G. B. Wolcott Department of Biology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TexasSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1939 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1939.tb12864.xCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume26, Issue1January 1939Pages 41-44 RelatedInformation