Pale Greenish Research Articles

Studies on Sugarcane White Leaf Disease of Taiwan, with Special Reference to the Transmission by a Leafhopper, Epitettix hiroglyphicus Mats

Transmission studies were made by using 29 different species of leafhoppers collected from the sugarcane field where the white leaf disease was very prevalent for the past several years. The resultant data so far revealed the Epitettix hiroglyphicus Matsumura could transmit the disease, but the remainders were incapable of transmitting the disease except for a single case in which 2 plants out of the 58 tested by use of Cicadulina bipunctella were infected. Although further transmission trials must be made, it is inferred that this may be accidental. Therefore, at present E. hiroglyphicus is considered to be the principal vector of our white leaf disease. The incubation period in the vector was about 4-5 weeks so far as the present experiment is concerned, and the same in the host plant was 2.5-3 months when tested during the period from spring to early summer, whereas it was longer, mostly 3-4 months, if the experiment was made in autumn or early winter. Young seedlings appear to be more susceptible than the older, first showing a pale greenish or yellowish stripe(s) on upper young unfolding leaves, then pale yellowish or whitish discoloration on newly unfolding or rolled spindle leaves starting from the base, finally the typical white leaf symptom on the uppermost spindle. These symptoms are occasionally masked, particularly when temperature is relatively low.

Forsterite and Cordierite Porcelains Made Form the Electrically Fused Dunite

Forsterite porcelains for use as electrically resistant materials for high frequency and cordierite porcelains having characteristic of low thermal expansion were prepared from the electrically fused dunite which had been obtained by the author's previous work (J. Ceram. Assc., Japan, 68 [10] 237 (1960)).Forsterite porcelain The electrically fused dunite was milled with or without additions of flux agents, such as MnO2, Ni2O3, Co3O4, Ca3(PO4)2, Mg(NH4)PO4⋅6H2O, Pb3O4, PbO⋅B2O3⋅H2O, etc., formed by dry pressing into a shape of small disk, and fired at SK 10-29 for 2 hrs. The firing temperature for obtaining the vitrified bodies was high, but its range was fairly wide, i.e., SK 16-20, even in the case without additions of the flux agents. The color of the vitrified bodies was white or pale greenish white. The ease of vitrification of the bodies increasing with the decreasing particle size of dunite, the increasing forming pressure, and also the increasing firing temperature, of which the last factor gave the most marked effect. The power factor (tan δ) become small with the advancement of sintering, and, accordingly, with the growth of the size of crystallites in the bodies. The addition of Mg(NH4)PO4⋅6H2O, Ca(PO4)2, or PbO⋅B2O3⋅H2O as the flux agent was found to be effective for lowering both the devitrification temperature and the value of power factor. The sintered bodies had the following properties; firing shrinkage 10-14%, thermal expansion coefficient 10-11×10-6, tan δ 2-9×10-4, e approximately 7.Cordierite porcelain The pressed mixtures of the dunite and the kaolin powders with or without additions of flux agents, such as ZnO, Pb3O4, etc., were fired at SK 13-SK 18 for 2 hrs. The thermal expansion coefficient of the vitrified bodies decreased with the increasing amount of kaolin added, reaching the minimum value when the proportion of dunite and kaolin in the mixtures became 20:80. Although the range of the firing temperature for the above composition was fairly wide, i.e., SK 13-18, the use of the flux agent, such as ZnO or Pb3O4, was found to be necessary to achieve the thorough vitrification. The vitrified bodies had almost the same electrical properties as those of the conventional one.

NEW SPECIES OF LABOPIDEA AND MACROTYEOIDES (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE)

Allied to simplex Uhler, but distinguished by the fine, uniformly pale pubescence, shorter rostrum and more tumid frons.♂ .Length 5 mm., width 1.8 mm. Head: width 1.09 mm., vertex 666 mm.; frons more tumid than in simplex, pale greenish, becoming fuscous each side of frons and a spot each side of vertex. Rostrum, length 1.09 mm., just attaining hind margin of sternum, pale greenish, last two segments blackish. Antennae: segment I, length .42mm.; II, 1.6 mm.; III, 1.18 mm.; IV, broken; black. Pronotum: length .72 mm., width at base 1.54 mm.; calli becoming blackish on hind margins.

Notes on the Igneous Rocks of the English Lake District

I.—The Ordovician Volcanic Series. This series is divisible stratigraphically and petrographically into several distinct groups, the distribution of which in the district has been indicated by Mr. Marr. * ( a ) Falcon Crag Andesite Group. —These rocks are found chiefly in the country south of Keswick and eastward to the St. John’s Vale. They are pyroxene-andesites, and thin slices show under the microscope sometimes hypersthene (converted to bastite), sometimes augite, sometimes both. To the eye the rocks are pale greenish to dark grey, with a compact ground-mass, usually containing scattered minute porphyritic felspars, or more rarely abundant crystals up to ¼ inch in length. Many of the flows are amygdaloidal. There are rare flows of more basic lavas, besides some tuffs. ( b ) Eycott and Ullswater Basalt Group. —The most widely distributed group of all. The basalts, like the andesites, often contain altered hypersthene; they are sometimes rather rich in magnetite, but olivine does not occur. These rocks are usually darker and denser than the andesites, but a discrimination is not always possible in the field. Part of the rocks are porphyritic, and in some there are conspicuous crystals of felspar (bytownite or labradorite) which on Eycott Hill reach a diameter of an inch or more. Amygdaloidal varieties are found. Basic tuffs are sometimes intercalated among the lavas, and in some places there are andesitic flows included in this group. ( c ) Scawfell Tuff and Breccia Group, with Kentmere-Coniston Slate-Band. —This group presents itself under two different phases. (1) In the central ...

PREPARATORY STAGES OF PYRUS TESSELLATA, Scud.

Egg.—Diameter, .02 inch. Blunt conical, height about the same as the diameter; ridged with about 30 longitudinal striæ, with shallower cross striæ. Colour pale green. Duration of this period six days.Young Larvæ.—Length, .08 inch; cylindrical; head somewhat cordate, two-thirds the width of the body; the anterior part of joint 2 about one-half the diameter of the head, the posterior part as wide as joint 3; each joint back of 2 with four low transverse folds besides the very narrow fold at each end of the joint. Colour pale greenish with a white sheen; piliferous spots concolorous; hairs erect, forked to about the middle, the forks curving back towards the body anteriorly and posteriorly.

On the Morte Slates, and Associated Beds, in North Devon and West Somerset.—Part I

Hitherto the Morte Slates have received but scant attention from geologists, owing to the fact that in all text–books, and in geological papers on North Devon, they have always been referred to as unfossiliferous; and all that was known with regard to them up to the year 1887 is well summarized in the following paragraph taken from the second edition of Mr. H. B. Woodward's well–known work,‘The Geology of England and Wales’ p. 127:—‘This division, termed the Morte Slates by the Rev. D. Williams, derives its name from Morte Point, on the north–west coast of Devon. The term Mortehoe Group, from the village of that name, was used by John Phillips. The Morte Slates, or “grey slates,” comprise pale greenish–grey and silvery grey glossy slates, much veined with quartz, and having a thickness estimated at from 3000 to 4000 feet. No fossils have been found; nor have any limestone–bands been recognized in them. The beds rest on the Ilfracombe Beds at Lee Bay, and the subdivisions which can be traced are noted by Mr. Etheridge (in ascending order) as the Lee, Rockham Bay, and Morthoe Beds. The Morte Slates pass downwards into the Ilfracombe Beds, and in Mr. Ussher's opinion they are simply an upper unfossiliferous portion of this lower division, since it is impossible to fix any definite boundary between them. Simonsbath is situated in the valley of the Barle, between the Ilfracombe and Morte Beds.Eastwards they extend to near Wiveliscombe, where they are exposed at the Oakhampton Slate

A Greenish Meteor

TO-NIGHT (Jan. 30), at 8.15 p.m., I saw a meteor which, not-withstanding a bright moon, shone out exceedingly brightly, exceeding any star. It appeared to travel south, for about 10°, vanishing about 15° above the horizon. Its colour differed from that of any meteor I have seen before, being pale green or greenish.

PARTIAL PREPARATORY STAGES OF CATOCALA INNUBENS, Guen

April 28, 1887, a single larva of then unknown Catocal was found on a Honey Locust which proved to be this species. By its appearance it had seemingly passed the first moult. Hence the egg and first stage of the larva is lacking in this account of its life history. If my conjecture be true, my description will begin with the conventional “after the first moult.” Length .26 inch. Color pale greenish, the anterior two and posterior three joints whitish; four purplish red stripes on each side, the lower somewhat broken; head mottled, but not heavily so; piliferous spots black, with short black hairs. Shape as usual with Catocala larvæ. Duration of this period unknown.

A NEW NOXIOUS CAPSID

Lygus monachus, n. sp.Long oval, pale green or testaceous, coarsely punctate above, sericeous pubescent. Face convex, highly polished, bald; base of vertex with a longitudinal impressed line, towards which a similar line runs obliquely forward each side from the inner corner of the eye; antennæ sparsely and minutely pubescent; basal joint thickest, a little longer than the head, tapering at base; second joint thrice as long as the basal, infuscated, and a little enlarged towards the tip; third and fourth setaceous, both together not as long as the second. Pronotum highly polished, convex, coarsely punctate in transverse wavy lines, each side with a dark brown vitta, or long spot; lateral margins smooth, callous at base, the humeral angles subacute; callosities prominent, convex, almost confluent on the middle; lateral flap of pronotum irregularly punctate. Pectoral pieces pale, impunctate. Legs pale green, feebly pubescent; apex of posterior femur usually with one or two fuscous bands, tip of tarsi and the nails black. Scutellum moderately convex, excavated at base, transversely obselete, punctate, more or less infuscated. Corium coarsely transversely vastrate-punctate, the clavus more or less infuscated, sometimes with all but the margins covered with dark brown; corium usually with a transverse dark brown arc next the posterior border; cuneus long and wide, the incised base fuscous and the inner margin brown; membrane pale testaceous, with two or more dark clouded spots, the inner submargin of the principal areole, a spot at its tip and the base next the cuneus all more or less fuscous. Ventor pale greenish.

ON THE APHIDIDÆ OF FLORIDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

The species of this genus already described from North America are as follows:1. S. rudbeckiœ, Fitch.2. “ambrosiœ, Thomas.3. “rosœ, Reaum. A variety of this species I find here on cultivated roses and on the wild Cherokee rose. It differs very considerably from Prof Thomas' description, and may be known as S. floridœ.I submit following description:S. rosœ, var. floridœ, n. s.Wingless female.—Length .07 inch. Elongate ovate; pale shining green; eyes red; beak very pale and short, not reaching to middle coxæ, widening before tip, tip black; antennæ 7-jointed, reaching to base of honey-tubes, annulated with brownish-red at joints; honey-tubes long, reaching beyond tip of abdomen, pale greenish, very slightly infuscated at tip; style short, conical, pale green; legs uniform pale green, feet very slightly infuscated.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES

I. Cecidomyia spec. on Aristolochia sipho.Flat rounded galls on the under side of the leaves, pale, somewhat transparent, pale greenish, 4 mil. diam. On the upper side of the leaf the gall becomes a slightly elevated disk marked with dark red and having in the middle a small pale-bordered hole. The galls grow larger and more globular on the stems of the leaves, to globes of 8 mil. diam., some more elongated, 18 mil. long and 8 mil. broad. The larvæ are brick red, 3 mil. long, very agile. I find no species on Aristolochia described by Osten Sacken and others.