Palatine Region Research Articles

Fabrication of complete dentures with aluminum foil spacer for torus palatinus: a case report

Introduction: The success of denture fabrication depends on retention and stabilization. The condition known as torus palatinus manifests as a nodular exophytic proliferation of compact bone along the central axis of the hard palate. The large size of the torus palatinus compromises retention and stabilization of dentures. This article describes the prosthodontic treatment for an edentulous patient with a big palatal torus palatinus, utilizing an aluminum foil spacer for the fabrication of a complete denture. Case report: A 69-year-old woman presented to RSGM UMY, reporting difficulty chewing and having all her teeth missing in the arch with a torus palatinus. A maxillary prosthesis was constructed utilizing a spacer that incorporated aluminum foil specifically within the region of the palatine torus. The presence of this bony growth in the palatine region can make the process of creating a complete denture for a patient with a torus palatinus more difficult. The modifications made to ensure patient comfort, functional stability, and optimal denture retention while accommodating the torus are what make the treatment process special. Furthermore, the aluminum foil spacer was designed to provide retention support for the complete denture. Conclusion: To ensure the stability and retention of the complete denture in a patient with a torus palatinus, the impression must generate a vacuum space. In cases of torus palatinus, in addition to employing a window design on the maxillary base plate, an aluminum foil spacer can be utilized over the relief of the torus, with the maxillary base plate covering the torus completely.

Management Of Large Periapical Lesion With A Noninvasive Approach: A Case Report

Periapical lesions develop as a sequela to pulpal diseases. The majority of inflammatory periapical lesions are initially treated with conservative non-surgical procedures. The success of root canal treatment is based on thorough cleaning, shaping and obturation of the root canal system. Calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) are recommended as intracanal medicaments due to its antibacterial properties. This case report describes the non-surgical management of a large cyst-like periapical lesion in relation to the maxillary lateral incisor of a 19-year-old male with the chief complaint of periodic swelling and pus drainage from the palatine region with a history of a traumatic accident in the same area. The present case highlights the use of calcium hydroxide and TAP as an interappointment endodontic dressing for non-surgical management of large periapical radiolucency, which resulted in favourable clinical and radiographic outcomes

Macro- and micro-anatomical investigation of the oropharyngeal roof of landform greek tortoise (Testudo graeca graeca) and semi-aquatic red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans)

The present investigation examined the oropharyngeal roof of two turtles having different feeding behaviors: the landform Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca graeca) primarily herbivores and the semi-aquatic red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) lives in freshwater that opportunistic omnivorous grossly and by scanning and light microscopes. Grossly, the Greek tortoise had a V-shaped roof consisting of the upper rhamphotheca, peri-palatine region, upper alveolar ridge, peripheral palatine ridge, median palatine ridge, vomer, choanae, caudal palatine part, and pharynx. At the same time, the red-eared slider had a semilunar roof consisting of upper rhamphotheca, two peripheral palatine ridges, core of palatine ridges, upper alveolar band, vomer, choanae, caudal palatine part, and pharynx. SEM revealed that the red-eared slider roof appeared more straightforward. The upper rhamphotheca is sharp, with a median premaxillary notch in the red-eared slider that gives a powerful bite for cutting to compensate absence of the teeth. Additionally, the red-eared slider’s upper alveolar band is interrupted by a single upper alveolar ridge that appears spiky, pointed, and longer as it needs powerful chewing of prey and there are two types of teeth-like projections at its peri-palatine area for food-crushing and chewing. The Greek tortoise palatine region had numerous ridges and folds to provide roughness for food processing. Greek tortoises had small-sized choanae with two choanal folds to minimize choanal openings when eating dusty grasses. Histologically, Greek tortoise palate was rostrally thicker and more keratinized than caudally, and the caudal palatine region was characterized by a single pair of circumvallate-like papilla with multiple mucous openings and secretions, while red-eared slider palate was slightly keratinized at the peri-choanal region, and the rest of the palate was non-keratinized with few mucous openings. The current investigation found various structural oropharyngeal roof adaptations to feeding behavior in the omnivore red-eared slide compared to the herbivorous Greek turtle.

Conflict Escalation Done Wrong? The Free City of Regensburg Seizes Ehrenfels Castle, 13 April 1417

AbstractThis article examines the various modes of conflict management used by the free city of Regensburg and the local nobleman Hans I Staufer of Ehrenfels during a prolonged dispute over revenues from 1413 to 1418. In the early years of this feud, both parties utilized nonviolent methods such as legal action and arbitration, which were occasionally accompanied by minor military interventions. In April 1417, however, the Regensburg councilors broke with convention and decided to escalate the conflict with their feud opponent by capturing his ancestral castle, Ehrenfels, near Beratzhausen in the Upper Palatinate region. Using both urban account books and documentary evidence, the case study investigates the reasons behind the councilors' decision to launch this ostentatious military attack, their objectives in seizing Ehrenfels castle, and the impact of their show of force on the ongoing conflict. It portrays late medieval Central European towns as potent military actors and argues for a more systematic integration of economic considerations and cost-benefit calculations into our picture of late medieval feuding.

Arthropods in the spotlight – identifying predators of vineyard pest insects with infrared photography

AbstractGrape berry moths, particularly Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and vinegar flies, such as Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), are important vineyard pests, causing severe quality loss of grapes. Several arthropod taxa may be involved in the natural control of these pests. However, the role of arthropod predators in the natural control of vineyard pests remains unclear. We investigated 32 vineyards in the Palatinate region, southwest Germany, under organic and conventional management, which in both cases received either full or reduced fungicide applications (2 × 2 design). Predation of L. botrana eggs and pupae and D. melanogaster pupae on sentinel cards exposed in the vineyards was observed with infrared cameras. In total, nine predator taxa could be identified. The most dominant predator was the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), with 90% of all predation events. We conclude that F. auricularia is likely a key predator of vineyard pests, and that special attention should be paid to maintain it at high population densities.

Forming the maxillary palatal relief on the outer palatal surface of the complete removable dentures

Prosthodontic treatment of secondary complete adentia in the upper jaw with completely removable plate prothesis consists in reflecting the palatal relief on the outer surface of the upper jaw prosthesis basis. Preparation of CRPP for SCA is an arrangement of known clinical and laboratory stages.
 During the prosthodontic treatment of SCA with maxillary CRPP, the following sequence was performed at the clinical and laboratory stages for the purpose of reflection of the palatal relief on the outer side of the maxillary prosthetic bases, the 2nd and 4th laboratory stages have been improved. So that:
 Replacing the wax with plastic in the composition of complete removable dentures. 4,5,6,7,8 figures of our work refer to this stage. At this stage: Figure 8-reflection of the relief of a part of the hard palate in the base plate wax added to the trial denture of a maxillary complete removable platen prosthesis. Figure 9-reflection of the relief of a part of the hard palate in the denture wax added to the trial denture of a maxillary complete removable platen prosthesis.
 The present study shows that the complete removable upper plate prosthesis (CRPP) is more functional in the prosthetic treatment of secondary complete adentia (SCA). By using CRPP on the upper jaw, unnatural disturbances in the relief of the palatine region are eliminated. It will be useful for improving other clinical and laboratory stages of preparation of maxillary CRPP.

Remoção de Grande Toro Palatino: Relato de Caso

Torus are benign bony growths commonly found in the mouth, particularly on the hard palate, maxilla, and in the vestibular or palatine region of the alveolar process, or on the lingual aspect of the mandible above the mylohyoid line. They are more common in women and individuals of Asian descent. The clinical case presented here illustrates the removal of a large lobular palatal torus in a 67-year-old male patient, performed in an outpatient setting. The surgical access was achieved through a mucoperiosteal flap in a "Y" shape due to the extension towards the posterior region. After the removal of the exostosis, suturing was performed with the placement of a surgical drain. Fifteen days post-surgery, the patient showed no signs of tissue necrosis.

Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming.

Pesticides are considered main contributors to global arthropod declines and therefore may decrease the provision of ecosystem services such as natural pest control. Organic farming and cultivating pest- and disease-resistant varieties can allow pesticide applications and their impacts on nontarget organisms and the environment to be reduced. We investigated the effects of organic versus conventional management and fungus-resistant versus susceptible wine grape varieties on arthropod biodiversity and pest control of grape berry moths in 32 vineyards in the Palatinate region, Germany. Hazard quotients of applied pesticides were calculated for each vineyard. The cultivation of fungus-resistant varieties led to significantly reduced hazard quotients and in turn enhanced abundances of natural enemies, particularly theridiid and philodromid spiders. Unexpectedly, organic management resulted in higher hazard quotients than conventional management and reduced numbers of natural enemies, particularly earwigs. Pest predation rates showed no significant differences between grape varieties or management types. Widespread benefits of organic management on arthropod biodiversity found in other crops were absent in our viticultural study region. This is likely due to the dominant role of fungal diseases in viticulture, which requires high numbers of fungicide treatments under both conventional and organic viticulture. Thus, fungicide reduction through the cultivation of fungus-resistant grape varieties is one key element to fostering the abundance of arthropods in general and beneficial arthropods in particular. Beyond vineyards, this is potentially relevant in numerous other crop types. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Non-surgical Management of a Large Periapical Lesion: A Case Report

Periapical lesions develop as a sequela to pulpal diseases. The majority of inflammatory periapical lesions are initially treated with conservative non-surgical procedures. The success of root canal treatment is based on thorough cleaning, shaping and obturation of the root canal system. Calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) are recommended as intracanal medicaments due to its antibacterial properties. This case report describes the non-surgical management of a large cyst-like periapical lesion in relation to the maxillary lateral incisor of a 19-year-old male with the chief complaint of periodic swelling and pus drainage from the palatine region with a history of a traumatic accident in the same area. The present case highlights the use of calcium hydroxide and TAP as an interappointment endodontic dressing for non-surgical management of large periapical radiolucency, which resulted in favourable clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Doubts about the validity of the species name Hipparchia hermione (Linnaeus, 1764) (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae), it being associated with the two species Hipparchia alcyone ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) and H. genava (Fruhstorfer, 1908) following the designation of a lectotype by Kudrna (1977) - Second part –

Doubts about the validity of the species name Hipparchia hermione (Linnaeus, 1764) (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae), it being associated with the two species Hipparchia alcyone ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) and H. genava (Fruhstorfer, 1908) following the designation of a lectotype by Kudrna (1977) - Second part –

Palatal teratoma associated with cleft palate- A rare case report

Teratomas are benign tumours that are commonly seen in the sacrococcygeal region and in ovaries. It consists of cells from the layers of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Localised teratomas in the head and neck region are rare in origin. It can be in the size of a small polyp or it may grow as an extension to the skull base. This rare case report highlights the presence of congenital teratoma in the palatine region of a child. The palatine processes and the median nasal septum have failed to fuse, thus leading to a development of cleft palate in the child. This failure of fusion may be related to the presence of the epignathus obstructing the oropharyngeal connection. The diagnosis of teratoma was confirmed radiologically and histopathologically. The lesion was surgically excised and the cleft palate defect was corrected in a single stage surgical procedure.

Ultrastructural focus on the oral cavity roof of the juvenile and adult white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus): Novel view of its development with carnivorous adaptation.

The present study aims to characterize the ultrastructural roof of the oral cavity roof in juvenile and adult Epinephelus aeneus using SEM. The investigation used 10 roofs of the oral cavity of juvenile and adult stages of age. The results in both age groups showed that the roof had five tooth bands, an upper valve, and a palatine region. The upper lip was divided into the anteriorly median and two lateral parts. The posterior margin of the anterior labial part is not attached to the incisive or canine teeth. The anterior surface of the canine teeth was attached to the transverse part of the upper incisive ridge that was separated from the posterior labial part by a deep groove. The semilunar upper velum showed two surfaces, two borders, and two parts. The median part of the oral surface of the velum carried the extension of the longitudinal part of the upper incisive ridge that had some variation among the two examined age stages. In addition, the median part of the oral surface of the upper velum had two rough areas located laterally on each side of the longitudinal part of the upper incisive ridge. The oral surface had several slightly elevated fungiform papillae with taste buds. The palatine region was divided into the peripheral semilunar part and the wide median part, by palatine teeth and the palatine groove laterally and by vomer teeth anteriorly. The results provided important data for the aquaculture in Egypt in relation to their diet.

Detailed Morphology of the Incisive or Nasopalatine Canal

(1) Background: The nasopalatine canal (NPC), or the incisive canal (IC) of maxilla, unites the anterior nasal floor with the anterior palatine region. Different morphological variables of the NPC were investigated, indicating it is either anatomically variable or constant. It was therefore decided to perform an additional study of the NPC. (2) Methods: A retrospective cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study was performed on 89 patient files: 38 males and 51 females. The study documented the presence or absence of a well-defined NPC, the number of openings, and the anatomic variables of the canal (number, course, and secondary canaliculi). (3) Results: the NPC/IC in the coronal plane was classified into five types: (I) NPC present with two superior, nasopalatine foramina (NPFs) (66.29%); (II) NPC absent with two NPFs (2.25%); (III) NPC present and single NPF (17.98%); (IV) NPC present with three NPFs (3.37%); (V) both absent NPC and NPF (10.11%). (4) Conclusions: The anatomical possibilities of the NPC are numerous and diverse; they include the absence of the canal. Therefore, a standardized description of this canal could not be assumed and a radiological assessment is recommended before surgical treatment in the premaxilla area.

VP15.01: Three‐dimensional evaluation of lip and palate at 12–14 weeks: a novel approach for evaluation of lip, palate and vomer bone

Adding three-dimensional (3D) image at NT section will make it easy to define normality of the face and palatine region. 1242 patients included with CRL between 65 to 84 mms. 3D image of fetal face in NT section was obtained. Multiplanar imaging with coronal section and midsagittal section side by side and coronal and axial sections side by side at 6 different levels following sections evaluated: 1. Lips; 2. PMT view; 3. At middle of palate for palatine shelves; 4. At 2/3 of palate-PPMT view which shows both palatine shelves and the vomer bone; 5. End of the palate to see PPMT and both palatine shelves; 6. End of vomer bone for PPMT, pterygoid processes and horisontal plate of the palatine bone. In coronal section. 3 dots representing the vomer bone as apex and right and left palatine processes as 2 dots at base s termed as PPMT (Prashant's Posterior Maxillary Triangle). Midsagittal section was obtained in 98%. 94% success in obtain 3D image of face. Midsagittal section was used to evaluate superimposed line sign and Maxillary gap sign, evaluation of lips and nostril - 100%, primary palate in 97%, mid palate in 98% and posterior palate in 98%, axial section of palate in 94%. PPMT was possible in 94% from 3D to look for both palatine shelves and suture line. Adding one 3D at NT section improves palate evaluation. PPMT in reconstructed coronal section helps us in looking for primary palate, palatine shelves and vomer bone. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Uncommon case report of maxillary sporadic odontogenic keratocyst

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKCs) is a rare disease manifested in the maxillofacial region, mainly affecting the mandiblerather than maxilla and is associated with the presence of a retained tooth. Most cases are asymptomatic, affecting males than women in their second decade of life and patients may present pain or soft tissue swelling in infected OKCs. Bony expansion and paresthesia of the lips are reported in fewer cases. The most common region in the maxillae is the third molar and cuspid region. The objective of this report is to present an uncommon clinical case of a 72 years old male with asymptomatic OKCs in the left maxilla region, presenting with bone lysis in the vestibular and palatine region with nostril alloy without compromising the teethes. Patient was treated with enucleation and peripheral osteotomy using a rotary instrument, today day without recurrence. A simple review of cases with maxillary keratocyst was made too.

Fungicide reduction favors the control of phytophagous mites under both organic and conventional viticulture

• Fungus-resistant grape varieties allow drastically fewer fungicide applications. • Fungicide reductions are stronger in organic than in conventional vineyards. • Fungicides harm non-target predatory mites but not pest mites. • Fungus-resistant varieties facilitate natural pest control. Pesticides can have detrimental effects on non-target biodiversity, especially in intensively managed agroecosystems such as vineyards. However, new fungus-resistant grape varieties can greatly reduce the need and use of fungicides. Fungicides can have direct and indirect effects on economically important predatory mites (mainly Phytoseiidae) and on phytophagous mites (Tetranychidae, Eriophyidae) on which they prey. We investigated the impact of fungicide treatments on beneficial and phytophagous mite densities in 32 vineyards of organic and conventional wineries planted with susceptible and fungus-resistant grape varieties in the Palatinate region, Germany. Organic vineyards were sprayed with different formulations of sulfur, copper and potassium bicarbonate, while conventional vineyards received mostly synthetic fungicides. Fungicide applications were reduced by 47-80 % in fungus-resistant varieties, with stronger reductions under organic than under conventional management. Regardless of organic or conventional management, predatory mites (Phytoseiidae and Tydeidae) were significantly enhanced in vineyards planted with fungus-resistant varieties. Contrastingly, phytophagous mites (Eriophyidae) were enhanced in vineyards with fungus-susceptible varieties and in those under organic management. Densities of further predatory mite families increased under organic farming (Anystidae) or showed an interactive response to farming system and grape variety (Trombidiidae). Reduced fungicide applications through cultivation of fungus-resistant varieties enhance predatory mite densities and thus contribute to higher natural pest control potential. Thus, the cultivation of fungus-resistant grape varieties is an effective approach towards more environmentally friendly viticulture.

Acantosis nigricans intraoral y su relevancia clínica como manifestación de un síndrome paraneoplásico: Reporte de un caso

Malignant-or-paraneoplastic acanthosis nigricans is a verrucous and hyperpigmented tumor affecting the mucosa and skin. In most cases malignant acanthosis nigricans is a distant manifestation of an intra-abdominal primary cancer. While the diagnosis of malignant acanthosis nigricans is challenging, some specific clinical and histopathological findings could lead to an accurate diagnosis. A rare clinical case of a 59-year-old female, who was referred to the maxillofacial surgery service due to a painful oral lesion in the palatine region, is presented. Upon examination, papillomatous lesions were observed on the hard palate, that were later diagnosed as intraoral malignant acanthosis nigricans secondary to gastric cancer. Both local and systemic evaluations are discussed, highlighting the relevance of a multidisciplinary approach consistent with the fact that these manifestations, although infrequent, should generate suspicion among clinicians and therefore motivation to perform a diligent and complete study since it can reveal the presence of a malignant pathology.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study on Morphologic Characteristics of the Posterior Region in Hard Palate

The goal of this study is to evaluate the morphologic characteristics of the posterior palatine region among the Chinese population, more specifically, the greater palatine grooves, crests, bridges, and torus palatinus structures and make comparisons between different ethnic groups and minorities. A total of 323 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were collected for analysis on the presence of grooves, crests, bridges, or torus palatinus (TP). Data were collected through recognizing the grooves, crests, bridges, and TPs and calculating the number of those anatomy structures. The statistics index, including average, standard deviation, were adopted to describe the subjects and Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-squared test were all carried out by SPSS. Three different morphologic manifestations of the greater palatine groove (GPG) found in the upper 1st and 2nd molar regions are as follows: no groove, 1 groove, and 2 grooves. The number of crests ranged from 0 to 3. And the incidence of torus palatines was 29%. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the presence of crests/GPGs and age in the 2nd molar region. The results in this study reveal that GPGs in the upper 1st and 2nd molar regions have 3 different morphologic manifestations among Chinese people and the number of crests can vary from 0 to 3 crests. Although the proportion of GPG or crest and the incidence of TP are different from the proportions of other studies, this may be due to the fact that different ethnic groups and sample sizes were used in the course of this study. Information about the anatomy structures of the posterior region in hard palate directly contributed to a decrease in potential complications during palatal implant surgery and periodontal surgery.

Receptivity of the mandible versus the maxilla to external stimuli in patients with complete dentures

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate whether the mandible is more receptive to external stimuli than the maxilla in patients with complete dentures by comparing regional current perception thresholds (CPTs) and pain threshold (PTs). MethodsA single operator obtained measurements from maxillae at the incisor foramen and the left side of the greater palatine foramen region and the mandible at the left side of the mental foramen region, using the Neurometer CPT/C device, CPT and PT values from the oral mucosa of 20 edentulous individuals wearing complete dentures were analyzed. Participant characteristics such as mucosal thickness, occlusal force, age, and sex. Mucosal thickness over target regions and occlusal force were measured by the same operator using Krupp SDM and Occlusal Force-Meter GM10s devices. Differences in CPT and PT among the three measurement regions were tested with an analysis of covariance, and post hoc t-tests with the Bonferroni correction. ResultsThere were no significant differences between the mental foramen, incisor papilla, and greater palatine regions CPT values. PTs obtained at all current frequencies (2000Hz, 250Hz, and 5Hz) were lowest in the mental foramen region and highest in the greater palatine region. Covariates including sex, mucosal thickness, and occlusal force had no significant influence on CPT or PT values at all frequencies. ConclusionsThe mandible exhibits higher receptivity to external pain stimuli than the maxilla.

Gross morphological and ultrastructural characterization of the oropharyngeal cavity of the Eurasian hoopoe captured from Egypt.

The present study aimed to give full morphological insight into the oropharyngeal cavity of Eurasian hoopoe at the level of gross morphology in addition to ultrastructural inspection including light- and scanning electron microscopy. The oropharyngeal cavity has a triangular appearance with a very long rostrally located beak, helping the bird achieve its feeding mechanism. The floor of the oropharyngeal cavity is divided into three parts; a pre-lingual part with a pre-lingual fold, a lingual part containing a rudimentary triangular tongue, and a laryngeal part, which contains a small elevated laryngeal mound. There are four giant papillae and numerous openings of lingual salivary glands on the root. The roof is divided into the pre-choanal and the choanal region. The pre-choanal region has two parallel palatine ridges, while the choanal region had an ovoid-shaped choanal cleft rostrally, followed caudally by a narrow infundibular slit. The mechanical papillae on the roof are arranged in two rows directed caudally; one row is located on the free border of rostral half of the choanal cleft, while the other row is located between the pharynx cavity and the esophagus. The histological study showed that the tongue was covered dorsally and ventrally by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and supported centrally by entoglossum, which extends from the root until the rostral tip of the tongue. The entoglossum was mainly cartilaginous rostrally in the apex and ossified caudally in the lingual body and root. Numerous mucous glands scattered in the sub mucosa of the lingual root as well as in the palatine region convey their secretions to the surface through a duct guarded by diffuse lymphocytic infiltration.