Media In Pakistan Research Articles

Framework for efficient utilisation of social media in Pakistan's healthcare sector

Lack of access to basic healthcare information is a major cause of mortalities around the globe. Social media platforms have been playing a significant role in information dissemination, especially in developing countries where resources are meagre. The principal aim of this study was to develop a framework to ensure efficient utilisation of social media in the healthcare sector, considering available channels, usage preferences, privacy, reliability, barriers, and various cultural and behavioural aspects. A survey conducted with 254 participants depicts that Facebook (55.10%), YouTube (46.90%), Wikipedia (38.60%), and Google Plus (30.30%) constitute the channels that are primarily used to increase healthcare awareness. However, lack of privacy and propagation of misinformation served as the barriers inhibiting the usage of such social media platforms. The outcomes of this study provide useful insights for the government, policymakers, entrepreneurs, and health-related organisations.

Social Media, Media Freedom and Pakistan’s War on Terror

This article offers a different interpretation on the role of social media in Pakistan, in contrast to the narrative of its association with terrorism. The usage of Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter across Pakistan, it notes, needs to be kept in context. The author argues that private television channels remain the most influential media platform in the country. Based on recent research, it appears that approximately 2% of social media is being used for extremist proselytisation, whereas the overwhelming majority of Pakistani civil society has no appetite for news reports around terrorism, and want more positive stories. Indeed, social media is being used primarily for entertainment purposes. While extremist networks are certainly using social media very effectively to recruit new adherents, focussing on this aspect of social media usage in Pakistan presents a distorted picture.

A Multifaceted Threat Environment for Pakistan's Media

A Multifaceted Threat Environment for Pakistan's Media

Conflict and Peace Journalism: Role of Media in Pakistan

This study aims to investigate the reporting of major conflicts in Pakistan by two leading TV channels i.e. Geo TV and Dunya TV, to ascertain the nature of the coverage in terms of being escalatory or de-escalatory. It aims to explore these conflicts from a peace journalism perspective. The conflicts include: the Taliban conflict, Balochistan conflict, sectarian conflict and ethno-political conflict in Karachi. The study is primarily a quantitative content analysis to explore the media coverage of conflicts during both high and low intensity periods from 2014 to 2015. The findings suggest that Pakistan news TV channels reported the Taliban and the ethno-political conflict in Karachi in an escalatory fashion, ridden in a de-contextualised pattern. While, on the other hand, the Balochistan and the sectarian conflict were mainly reported in de-escalatory terms owing to various socio-cultural reasons impacting the coverage. The findings are quite consistent with the existing literature on conflict journalism, which suggests that the media, in general, adopts a more propagandist and nationalistic stance, when the threats to national security are highest whereas it adopts a more humanistic stance, when the threats to national security are assumed to be low.

Globalization and Language Use on Social Media in Pakistan

This article examines the written comments of Pakistani students on the official Facebook sites of the public and private sector universities in order to study their English language skills and social networking systems of students and its implications for language policy in education. The study focused on the quantitative and statistical analysis and investigated the differences of Facebook users from the public and private sector in the light of educational background, regional variation, and gender. Results of the study displayed the dominant use of English and a significant difference between public and private sector students in their preference to use English. Results also showed that there is considerable differences in men and women representation on Social Networking Sites (Facebook) in some provinces of Pakistan. Findings of the study raise the issue of language discrimination between students of public and private sector universities, in terms of access and equity of the current language policy in Pakistan to meet language demands of globalization.

Attack on Malala: Framing of the Incident in the Print Media

Analysis of the media coverage on the attack incidence on Malala (Nobel peace prize winner) benefits to comprehend the notions that how media outline the opinions and viewpoints. Media outlets play a dynamic role on how the people perceives several issues highlighted in the news. The media organizes the varied framing of realism of issues of the public interest and vice versa. The study objectives to find out that how the leading print media in Pakistan have covered Malala issue and classify the variances amongst the two leading newspapers based on several categories. Two Urdu newspapers (Jang and Nawa-e-Waqt) of Pakistan were selected for this study based on their high circulation and trustworthiness amongst the readers. The print newspapers published in the months of October and November 2012 were examined to find the framing of Malala issue. The study reveals that the favorable (56%), unfavorable (16%) and neutral (27%) frames found in the newspaper Jang and favorable (46%), unfavorable (47%) and neutral (7%) found in Nawa-e-Waqt. It is also observed that favorable Malala issue related news stories were disseminated more in Jang.

Social Media Perception in Pakistan

This article explores social media in Pakistan. It highlights various ways in which Pakistan’s social media can be described as a communication tools.This article also discusses that why social media can not bring presently a big change in Pakistani society. One reason is that Pakistan’s taditional media already serving this role.It has beocme known that there are various risks posed by social media that affect Pakistani society include idiological division and becoming a safe abode for extremist online communication network. Secondly, absence of regulations are producing unethical contents.However, West can play an important role in reducing these risks by sponsoring projects that produce guidelines for fitness of contents and the promotion of tolerance for online communication. Also, Donors can provide assistance for techincal capcity by means of funding for broadband exapnsion and research on social media.

Role Of Mass Media And Interpersonal Communication In Promoting Awareness About Woman Rights In Pakistan

Women rights have always been a debatable issue in almost every society. Being a watchdog, media is expected to give voice to all members of the society regardless of their gender, background and ethnicity. Media can play a vigorous role to educating people about women-rights by addressing their concerns and anxieties. This study aims to investigate the role of mass media (i.e. television, newspapers and social media) and interpersonal communication in promoting awareness about woman rights in Pakistan. Using quantitative survey method with a sample of N=358, results of One-way ANOVA show comparison among various types of media. The study figured out that mass media in Pakistan especially print media, play a positive role in promoting awareness about women rights. However, the role of interpersonal communication has been found more effective as compared to new and old media. The study also expresses that demographics play significant role to attaining the awareness about women rights.

Pakistani Government–News Media Relationships

This study investigates factors that contribute to the fraught relationships between the government and the news media in Pakistan. Responses from an online survey of 357 Pakistani journalists and educators indicate that (1) economic concerns are the focal point of government–news media relationships; (2) stiff competition among news organizations to provide platforms for government advertisements have affected journalistic standards; (3) higher government investment in advertisements resulted in governments receiving pro-government coverage; (4) private news media are coerced by the state through laws, regulations, licenses and taxes, leading to adversarial relationships between the news media and the government; (5) political affiliation, religion and national identity are the major influences on the journalists’ worldviews; and (6) Western journalistic values do not seem to contribute significantly to developing universal journalistic values among Pakistani journalists in part because of cultural differences. The implications of these findings for journalism in Pakistan include having a better understanding of the plight of journalists and the media in that country and of the factors than can be considered to better improve government–media relationships.

Pakistan media: Unnamed sources reveal political crises and law and order problems

Journalists use sources to accord credibility to their news stories. However, they use unnamed sources when they feel the sources would be harmed for revealing information to the media. This qualitative study analyzes news from unnamed sources in political stories in Pakistani media. It uses grounded theory to find common themes in the news obtained from unnamed sources. The common themes found in the study were about political crises, and breakdown of law and order in Pakistan. The author discusses the ways in which unnamed sources were used in the stories. Many unnamed sources gave views that were different from those given by named sources in the same story, while a few stories did not give any indication of the rank of the unnamed sources in the hierarchy of the political party or the army.

Gender Representation In Pakistani Print Media: A Critical Analysis

The key objective of this study was to examine the representations of men and women in print media in Pakistan. Gender role stereotyping and sexism in print media is not a low-profile gender issue as printed communication and contents still hold an important place in contemporary digital world. Keeping in view the importance of newspapers as the leading source of credible content/messages, this paper examined gender stereotyping and sexism in print media in Pakistan and attempted to highlight whether print media reproduces or challenges gender stereotypes and sexism? Keeping in view the complexity of sexism in print media, content and discourse analyses were performed on four widely read national news papers. The findings have been placed within the socio-cultural context of Pakistani society and feminists theories. The study’s findings indicated that print media in Pakistan reinforces gender stereotypes and provide little challenge to gender stereotyped imagery of males and females.

The Development of Militant Organizations' Print Media in Pakistan

The militant organizations’ print media in Pakistan also could be called jihad media, new media or radical media. Different from the mainstream media in Pakistan, the media of militant organizations were one of the alternative media. The media of militant organizations originated in 1979, since the outset of the war between Soviet Union and Afghanistan. The media of militant organizations’ rise had deep ideological roots. And the media of militant organizations were influenced by social environment in Pakistan at that time. This paper was focused on the rising and preliminary developments of the militant organizations’ print media in Pakistan. The militant organizations’ print media in Pakistan were closely related in Pakistani media situation. Terrorist activities were now rampant around the world. So, it had great practical significance to study the history and operation of the militant organizations’ print media.

Media Coverage of Taliban: Is Peace Journalism the Solution?

This article combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to investigate the reporting of the Taliban conflict in Pakistan media and finds the coverage escalatory and elitist from the peace journalism perspective. While the security-related aspects of the conflict are highlighted, the problems of victims are ignored. The data for this study were collected through content analysis, discourse analysis and interviews with conflict reporters and analysts. The key findings of this study are quite consistent with the existing peace journalism scholarship that in conflict where national interests are involved, media become nationalistic and patriotic, leaving behind the considerations of quality and good journalism.

ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND FACEBOOK USAGE BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN

Ponte Academic JournalDec 2016, Volume 72, Issue 12 ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND FACEBOOK USAGE BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTANAuthor(s): Muhammad Munir Kayani ,Muhammad Mushtaq, Anisa Kayani, Ghulam Abbas MalikJ. Ponte - Dec 2016 - Volume 72 - Issue 12 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.12.43 Abstract:The use of social media has been a controversial topic since the emergence of it. This media has various forms and formats but most of them execute the similar jobs; that is exchange of views, ideas and experiences. Many researches were conducted at different level to find effects and impacts on students’ learning. Most of the researches show social media as wastage of students’ time. Facebook, which is one of the most popular social media in Pakistan as majority of the internet and mobile phone users frequently use it too. The study finds out the relationship of the students use of Facebook and their academic grades. It was a descriptive survey study carried out on the university students of the twin cities. A questionnaire for students was developed to collect data and it was analyzed through cross tabs. The data showed that the students who have better academic grades use Facebook more while the students who have low academic grades do not use it. The students’ grades are not better only for using Facebook but there may certain other reasons. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Impact of leader-follower interactions and employee satisfaction: mediating effect of employee empowerment

This study endeavours to explore the leadership styles deployed in print media in Pakistan. The study has been planned to find out the relationship between the leadership styles and employee job satisfaction, and to observe the mediating effect of employee empowerment. The two leadership styles used in this study are transformational leadership style and transactional leadership style. This study was conducted in top five print media offices of Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities of Pakistan. A final sample of 240 respondents was used for final analysis using a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical techniques of correlation and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that both leadership styles are positively related to employee job satisfaction. Similarly, employee empowerment is positively related to employee job satisfaction. Lastly, it was found that the employee empowerment has mediating effect in building relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction. This research has implications for researchers and practitioners.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NEWS CHANNELS’ ADVERTISEMENT INVENTORY TOWARDS TELECOM BRAND RECALL FROM CONSUMERS’ PERSPECTIVE

TV channels advertisement is an important tool of media marketing communication. News channels are one of the largest media in Pakistan to provide opportunities to telecom industry for building their brands. This study investigates the relationship between news channels advertisement inventories/properties and telecom brand recall. There are many factors of news channel advertisement that influence on telecom advertisement recall. This study also examines the four key inventories of news channels that are loose spots placement, fixed spots, news clock sponsorship and program branding. It adopts quantitative method of research and primary data is collected through closed-ended and structured questionnaire from consumers. The findings reveal the telecom consumers’ perspective regarding news channel inventories and validate the developed argument: the news channels inventories have an important role to build the telecom brand recall and especially loose spots, fixed spots, program branding, and news clock sponsorship have a very positive and significant role.

Pakistan's Media Reflections on Iran's Nuclear Deal

Pakistan's Media Reflections on Iran's Nuclear Deal

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON BRAND LOYALTY: THE MODERATING ROLE OF WORD OF MOUTH

This study is based on such customers who follow at least one brand on the social media in Pakistan. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire from the university students of Pakistan. The results showed that the brand loyalty of the customers is affected in a positive manner when the brand has presence on various platforms of social media. It has been found that customer interaction has a fully mediating role in social media marketing and brand loyalty. Also, the word of mouth has no moderating role on the relationship between customer interaction and brand loyalty. The implications for marketing practice and future research are also discussed.

The Express Tribune: touching the tricky price point

Subject area Economics, entrepreneurship, pricing and marketing strategy, print industry in Pakistan. Study level/applicability Undergraduate and first-year graduate level. Case overview The main theme of the case revolves around decision-making by the publisher, Bilal Lakhani, as he operates in conditions of an oligopolistic market. The case focuses on the set-up of a major English-language newspaper, The Express Tribune, in conjunction with the internationally branded and well-regarded International Herald Tribune by a well-known business group of Pakistan. The group already has a major Urdu newspaper, which has been operational for 15 years, and three television channels, as well as a host of other non-media-related businesses. The case tries to go behind the reasons for setting up an English-language newspaper in a market which already has at least five major existing ones and where literacy is not that widespread. Also, experience in much of the rest of the world would suggest that newspapers – i.e. the print media – are in decline, especially because of the rise of the Internet and social media as means for providing news, information and entertainment. The case is set in Karachi, Pakistan's media capital and, in particular, in an organization that has been involved in the business of media for several years. It currently runs the country's second most-circulated Urdu newspaper, Daily Express. Specifically, the time period is three weeks after the paper, The Express Tribune, was launched into a market with a few competitors and high brand loyalty for existing competitors. The publisher of the paper, Bilal Lakhani, is questioning his pricing decision right after the launch of the paper and there are a series of reasons he is looking into on how he set the original price and why should he reduce the price of the paper now. Expected learning outcomes Students should be able to see, understand and analyze: challenges faced by entrepreneurs of starting an initiative which has a largely unreliable and untested audience; the extent of interdependence in an oligopolistic industry and how it influences the current and future decision-makings of an entrepreneur or any other firm for that matter, especially in a developing economy; the personnel, financial production and regulation issues involved in setting up assembly/ delivery systems that deliver a product for mass use, i.e. a newspaper; and the pricing and marketing strategies involved in the launch and subsequent successful operation of a product, in this case, a newspaper. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Media, politics and the threats to journalists in Pakistan

This article examines how the fundamental right of freedom of expression for news media in Pakistan continues to be threatened both by the government and conflicting parties, an issue that is compounded by the threat to the journalists’ safety and survival. Giving examples of three Pakistani journalists who lost their lives after their investigations during the America’s so called ‘War on Terror’, the article gives an account of the nature of the dangers and threats that are faced by the journalists in Pakistan who report on armed political conflicts. Drawing on the experiences of five other journalists, who were interviewed during research visits to Pakistan in 2012 and 2014, the author also reflects on the role of journalists in the light of the social responsibility theory and explores some of the factors that contribute towards making conflict reporting a dangerous business in Pakistan.Pictured: Figure 1: The Press in Stress report in 2012. Shown in the cover image is a curbside radio-seller in Quetta. FM radio is hugely popular in Balochistan. Image: Aurangzazib Khan