Pairs Of Branchiae Research Articles

Lysippe nikiti sp. nov. (Polychaeta, Terebellomorpha) from the deep Pacific and Indian Oceans with an amendment to the generic diagnosis of Lysippe.

Lysippe nikiti n. sp. is described from abyssal depths in the North Pacific and Indian Oceans. It differs from other species of the genus in that it has 14 thoracic uncinigers, ten abdominal uncinigers and three pairs of branchiae. The generic diagnosis is emended to include the newly described fully retractable nuchal organs of the type species L. labiata and details of the position of the nephridiopores. The validity of Samytha is discussed and it is proposed that this genus be treated as junior synonym of Lysippe. Of the 22 species described as Lysippe or its junior synonyms, eight: L.agulhasensis, L.capensis, L. vanelli-type species of Eclysippe, Samytha bioculata-type species of Mooresamytha, S. (?) heterobranchia, S.oculata, S.pallescens-type species of Glyphanostomum and S. (?)speculatrix-have been or should, for reasons discussed here, be transferred to other genera. Neither the original description nor later redescriptions allow differentiation of Samytha californiensis from L. gurjanovae. Thus Lysippe currently includes 13 valid species: L.annectens-type species of Paralysippe, L.annenkovae, L.caeca, L.fragilis-type species of Lysippides, L.gurjanovae, L.hesslei, L.labiata, L.mexicana-type species of Pseudampharete, L.nikiti, L. nipponica, L.sexcirrata, L.storchi and L.trichobranchia.

Amage imajimai sp. nov., a new species of Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japanese waters

A new polychaete species of the family Ampharetidae, Amage imajimai sp. nov., is described from deep waters of Sagami Bay, Japan. It is characterized by the possession of four pairs of branchiae, twelve thoracic uncinigers, eleven abdominal uncinigers, and the lack of thoracic notopodial cirri. The new species is named in honor of the renowned Japanese polychaetologist Minoru Imajima. An identification key for all Amage species from Japanese waters is provided.

Neosabellides lizae, a new species of Ampharetidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

Neosabellides lizae, a new species of Ampharetidae, is described from the intertidal zone off Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. The new species is referred to the genus Neosabellides based on the shape of the prostomium, three pairs of branchiae, 14 thoracic segments with notopodia, 12 thoracic uncinigerous segments, and the first two pairs of abdominal uncinigers of thoracic type. The new species differs from all known species of Neosabellides in having 14 abdominal uncinigerous segments.

A New Record of the Genus Pista (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Korea: The Validity and Redescription of Pista shizugawaensis

A terebellid polychaete identified as Pista shizugawaensis Nishi and Tanaka, 2006, whose species validity has been doubted, is newly reported from the southwest coast of Korea. Korean materials of the present study have several characteristics that agree well with the original description of P. shizugawaensis as follows: two pairs of branchiae on the 2nd and 3rd segments have tufts composed of many dichotomously branched filaments; the nephridial papillae are present on the 6th and 7th segments; the uncini on the anterior and middle thoracic segments possess only long-handled shafts while those on the posterior ones have additional short-handled shafts or lacking shafts; the notosetae are broadly or narrowly winged capillary. The authors examined the taxonomic value of the presence of lateral lobes on the 5th and 6th segments, which has been known as a key characteristic feature of P. shizugawaensis in the classification of Pista species. In the present study, several characteristics such as the shape of notosetae, uncinial shafts in the thoracic segments, and the presence of thin narrow lateral lobes on the 4th segment are suggested as the specific characteristics that help to distinguish P. shizugawaensis from its congeners. A key to Pista species from Korean waters is also provided.

Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japanese waters. Part IV. Miscellaneous genera

In the fourth paper about Ampharetidae from Japan, we describe 12 species in seven genera. The genusOrochigen. nov. and the eight speciesAmage ehlersisp. nov.,A. longitorussp. nov.,Glyphanostomum hessleisp. nov.,Lysippe nipponicasp. nov.,Melinnopsis augenerisp. nov.,M. mcintoshisp. nov.,Orochi palacephalusgen. et sp. nov., andSamytha annenkovaesp. nov. are newly described.Orochigen. nov. is characterized by the shovel-like prostomium, the high membrane, from which all four pairs of branchiae emerge and the presence of neuropodia of the abdominal type in the last thoracic unciniger. In the discussions of the remaining genera, we comment on the taxonomic changes suggested by Jirkov (2011). Furthermore, we provide a list of all Ampharetidae species that have been recorded from Japan.

Prionospio (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from the Grand Caribbean Region, with the descriptions of five new species and a key to species recorded in the area.

Six species of Prionospio are described from the Southern Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Five of these species, P. austella sp. nov., P. crassumbranchiata sp. nov., P. jonatani sp. nov., P. oligopinnulata sp. nov., and P. rotunda sp. nov. are new to science whereas Prionospio cristata Foster, 1971 has been previously described from the Grand Caribbean region. P. austella sp. nov. has a prostomium with a small medial peak on the anterior margin, low dorsal folds on chaetigers 6-11, rounded and subtriangular neuropodial lamellae on chaetigers 1 and 3, respectively, and all hooks lack a secondary hood. P. crassumbranchiata sp. nov. has a laterally separate peristomium partially fused dorsally with chaetiger 1, digitiform pinnules on the lateral and posterior faces of the first pair of branchiae and rectangular neuropodial lamellae on chaetigers 2-5. Prionospio jonatani sp. nov. has a narrow prostomium, subtriangular notopodial lamellae on chaetigers 6-21, notopodial prechaetal lamellae slightly basally fused with the notopodial postchaetal lamellae and square neuropodial lamellae on chaetiger 3. P. oligopinnulata sp. nov. has a square-shaped prostomium, high dorsal crests on chaetigers 7-8, low dorsal folds on chaetigers 9-14, subtriangular neuropodial lamellae on chaetigers 2-3, and branchial pairs 2 and 3 are triangular. P. rotunda sp. nov. has an anteriorly rounded prostomium, trapezoid neuropodial lamellae on chaetiger 3, high dorsal crests on chaetiger 7, and branchial pairs 2 and 3 are cirriform. A key is provided for all the species known from the Grand Caribbean region in the "steentrupi-group" with four branchial pairs.

Redescriptions and reestablishments of some species belonging to the genus Prionospio (Polychaeta, Spionidae) and descriptions of three new species

Available type material of Prionospio heterobranchia Moore, 1907, P. (Prionospio) texana Hartman, 1951, P. spongicola Wesenberg-Lund, 1958 and P. (P.) newportensis Reish, 1959, as well as newly collected material from the Southern Gulf of Mexico and Chetumal Bay in the Caribbean Sea, was examined. Several important differences were found between P. heterobranchia, P. (Prionospio) texana, P. spongicola and P. (P.) newportensis, and as a result, these three species are removed from synonymy with P. heterobranchia Moore, 1907, and redescribed and reinstated as valid species. In addition, three new species were identified and described: P. caribensis sp. nov., P. rosariae sp. nov. and P. jamaicensis sp. nov. A key to all species of Prionospio with five pairs of branchiae is provided.

<i>Dodecaceria carolinae</i> n. sp. (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae), a shallow-water species from the northwestern Caribbean Sea

The cirratulid genus Dodecaceria Orsted, 1843 is well characterized by having palps inserted dorsally or laterally and branchial filaments restricted to some anterior chaetigers. The genus has species recorded from many marine environments worldwide and species are differentiated mainly by the number of branchial filaments. In this contribution, D. carolinae n. sp. is described based upon extensive materials collected in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. This species is distinguished by having 12 pairs of branchiae in two distinctive sizes, the first three four times longer than the remaining ones, and by having spoon-shaped hooks from notopodia 14-19 and from neuropodia 13-18. An analysis of the intra-specific variability, together with a table of diagnostic features and a key to all known species, is also included.

A New Species ofHeterospio(Polychaeta, Longosomatidae) from Offshore Angola

A new polychaete species of the longosomatid genus Heterospio is described from the coastal shelf off Angola in the Southeast Atlantic. This species was found from two sampling points at depths of 105 and 146 m, and differs from other members of the family in having eight short thoracic setigers, in the lack of neuropodial acicular hooks in the first setiger, and in having only three pairs of branchiae. The material consists of 21 adults with gametes in the body cavity of posterior segments and one Juvenile. Size-dependent variation in morphological features such as the length of midbody setigers, number of spines per rami, and occurrence of cinctures, is discussed. A key to the currently recognized species and possible undescribed forms of Heterospio is given.

A new species of <i>Pista</i> (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from shallow waters of Shizugawa Bay, Sanriku Coast, Japan

A new species of the genus Pista (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebellidae) was found on a boulder bottom in shallow waters of of Shizugawa Bay, Sanriku coast, northern Honshu, Japan. Individuals of this species measure 5 to 10 cm long and 3 to 5 mm wide. There are two pairs of branchiae on segments 2 and 3, each with an annulated long stalk and many dichotomous branches. The peristomium and segment 3 have elongate, semi-circular lateral lobes, segments 2 and 4 each have small lobes, segments 5 and 6 have very small lobes inserted between the neuropodium and ventral pad. Individuals of the new species have 17 pairs of notopodia from segment 4 and conical nephridial papillae on segments 6 and 7. The new Japanese species differs from all known species in the structure of the branchiae and the lateral lobes of anterior chaetigers.

A new species of the genus <i>Aonides</i> Claparède, 1864 (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from the Macaronesian Region (Eastern Central Atlantic)

P align=justify>A new spionid of the genus Aonides Claparede, 1864 has been collected in a muddy sand bottom of a marine cave from the Selvagens Islands. This genus included seven species, two of which have been recorded from the central Macaronesian region: Aonides oxycephala (Sars 1862) and the new species Aonides selvagensis . The new species differs from the remaining Aonides species by the presence of 5 anal cirri, 6-8 pairs of branchiae, the absence of eyes, and shape and arrangement of the parapodial hooks.

<em>Flabelligena gascognensis</em> sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Acrocirridae), a new species from the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic)

Flabelligena gascognensis (Annelida: Polychaeta), a new species of the family Acrocirridae Banse, 1969 is described from the northeastern Atlantic. The specimens were collected from the Capbreton Canyon, Bay of Biscay, at depths between 545 and 1113 m. The new species has three pairs of branchiae and a pair of large ventral papillae. A light emendation of the diagnosis of the genus is proposed with the aim of including the new species and two other species, Flabelligella mediterranea Kolmer, 1985 and Flabelligella biscayensis Kolmer, 1985, into the genus Flabelligena. A key and a comparative table of the main characters of the known species of the genus are also included.

Revision of Paraeupolymnia, and redescription of Nicolea uspiana comb. nov. (Terebellidae: Polychaeta)

Paraeupolymnia Young & Kritzler, 1987 is redefined and its type species, P. carus Young & Kritzler, 1987, is redescribed. It is easily recognized by the presence of two pairs of branchiae on segments two and three, and one pair of lateral lappets on segments two/three; its distribution is expanded to include localities in Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, Lesser Antilles and Venezuela. Paraeupolymnia garciagomezi sp. nov. is described from the Florida Keys; it differs from its congeners by the presence of a region with many tubercles on the thoracic dorsal surface, and a rounded emergent papillae between the notoand neuropodia. Finally, P. uspiana Nogueira, 2003, is transferred to Nicolea Malmgren, 1866, because of the lack of lateral lappets, and variation in the number of thoracic chaetigers.

Life history, morphology and distribution of Dipolydora armata (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

The spionid polychaete Dipolydora armata, a borer in calcareous substrata, is recorded for the first time from Belize, Brazil, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Specimens from these and other localities, as well as the type material of Polydora armata from Madeira Island and Polydora rogeri from the Mediterranean were examined and all the specimens were considered to be conspecific. Dipolydora armata is up to 8 mm long (usually 2–3 mm), with up to 45 segments (usually 25–35 segments), an incised prostomium, caruncle until the end of segment 2, up to 10 pairs of branchiae from segment 7, up to 20 awl-like modified spines per notopodium in up to 15 posterior segments, bilobed or cup-shaped pygidium, hooded hooks from segment 7 accompanied by capillaries throughout the body, major falcate spines of segment 5 with a large lateral tooth and an apical structure covered by fine bristles and appearing as a cowling or third tooth on the convex side of the main fang. The life history of the species includes a period of asexual reproduction by architomy beginning soon after settlement, then sexual maturation and continuous breeding within an extended period with production of lecithotrophic larvae developing entirely inside egg capsules. Once mature, individuals probably reproduce only sexually and do not undergo additional architomic divisions. Asexual reproduction results in high morphological variability of adult individuals, particularly in number, size, and arrangement of awl-like spines in notopodia. Polydora rogeri is placed into synonymy of D. armata. The original interpretation of the relationship between the polychaetes and the excavating sponge Cliona viridis as mutualistic symbiosis is discussed. Dipolydora armata is considered to be a widespread non-specialized borer perforating various calcareous substrata.

Prionospio steenstrupi,P. fallaxandP. dubia(Polychaeta, Spionidae): Re-evaluation of identity and status

Abstract Within the genus Prionospio Malmgren, 1867, the ‘steenstrupi-group’ (including the type species P. steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867) is characterised by the possession of four pairs of branchiae, of which the first and fourth pairs are pinnate. Unfortunately the identities of P. steenstrupi and the other northeastern Atlantic species (P. fallax Soderstrom, 1920 and P. dubia Maciolek, 1985) have been much confused. All have been variously misinterpreted or synonymised in the literature. An examination of type, topotypic and other European material indicates that all three species are valid and readily distinguished. Each species is described and figured in detail, and their geographical distributions reassessed. The usefulness of the characters employed to distinguish these and other species is discussed. It is recommended that assessments of intraspecific variability be included in all species descriptions.

Three nephromixial patterns in polychaete species currently assigned to the genus Pista (Annelida, Terebellidae).

A comparative morphological study of nephromixial systems in three Californian terebellid polchaetes currently assigned to the genus Pista shows that P. fimbriata has all attributes of the generic type, but that P. pacifica and P. elongata differ markedly. The features of typical Pista include (among others): two pairs of usually unequal branchiae, long-handled anterior uncini (hooks) of crested avicular (bird-head-like) from, muddy, unornamented tubes, one pair of anterior excretory nephromixia (ENMX), and two pairs of separate thoracic reproductive nephromixia (RNMX) with genital papillae on segments VI and VII. A review indicates that P. fimbriata shares these typical features with practically all adequately described Pista species. However, P. pacifica and P. elongata possess three pairs of branchiae, long-handled uncini of distinctive crochet-like form, and membranous tubes with apertural hoods. Both have two pairs of ENMX, the first supplied by one pair of ciliated renal funnels, the second by two pairs of such funnels. But they differ in their RNMX: P. pacifica has three pairs of complex RNMX, those on each side united by a common duct. P. elongata has 11-13 pairs of simple RNMX united by common ducts. Although these species do not fit into Pista, no genus has been found to accommodate them. Generic placement is complicated by the fact that no instances of intra-generic nephromixial variation have been reported in the Terebellidae, although inter-generic variation is well known. If they are congeneric, this would be the first example of intrageneric RNMX variation in Terebellidae. But if assigned to separate genera or subgenera on the basis of their RNMX, their similarity of anterior uncini might be attributable to parallel or convergent adaptation to life in comparable tubes. More evidence, including molecular analysis, is needed for phylogenetic studies of Terebellidae. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Prionospio ockelmannisp.n. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the Øresund and the northern part of the Swedish west-coast

Abstract Prionospio ockelmanni sp. n. is described from the Oresund and the northern part of the Swedish west-coast. A small species with three pairs of branchiae, P. ockelmanni differs from all known members of the genus in having branchiae from setiger three, not setiger two. The relationship of the species to other members of the genus is discussed.

Na+Fluxes Across Isolated Perfused Gills of the Chinese Crab Eriocheir Sinensis

ABSTRACT Sodium transport processes in the branchial epithelium of euryhaline crustaceans have been investigated using a perfused preparation of gills isolated from Chinese crabs Eriocheir sinensis acclimated to dilute (FW) and to concentrated (SW) media. The results clearly establish the existence of a functional difference between the different pairs of branchiae with respect to their participation in the regulation of the blood Na+ content. In FW-acclimated animals, the Na+ active uptake which counterbalances the salt loss along the concentration gradient is mostly achieved across the three posterior pairs of gills. Conversely, the Na+ fluxes measured in the three anterior pairs are essentially passive and carrier-mediated. Further characterization of the Na+ uptake system present in the posterior gills by means of inhibitors like ouabain and ethacrynic acid indicates the existence of at least two spatially separated components of the Na+ carrying system. It is shown that NH4+ may be used as co-ion for Na+ but that such a coupling can only account for a very small part of the Na+ actively transported inward. The existence of an electrogenic mechanism or of another coupled system has thus to be postulated but remains at present a matter of speculation. To study FW-to-SW and SW-to-FW acclimation, Na+ fluxes were measured in isolated gills of SW-acclimated crabs and of FW crabs perfused and incubated in SW conditions. During acclimation to SW the Na+ active uptake in the posterior gills is abolished primarily as a result of inhibition of the Na+carrier activity.

Paramphitrite tetrabranchiagen, et sp.nov. a new terebellid polychaet from Western Norway

Abstract Paramphitrite tetrabranchia was found at three localities near Bergen in depths between 55 and 100 m. The species belongs to the subfamily Amphitritinae, and is characterized by having two pairs of branchiae, lateral lobes on the anterior segments, and 13 thoracic segments with notosetae which have finely serrated brims. The species shares characters with several genera of the Amphitritinae, but cannot be included in any of these without revision of the diagnosis of the genus in question; hence a new genus is erected.