Behavior Of Pairs Research Articles

System Deformation Behavior of Friction Pair in Fretting Wear

AbstractSeveral criteria for fretting wear behavior evaluation have been established since the proposal and establishment of the fretting loop concept. In this article, system deformation and system deformation ratio were defined. In addition, the fretting running conditions were distinguished from the evolution of system deformation with fretting cycles during fretting wear tests under different applied displacements and loads. In the gross slip regime, the system deformation was independent of the applied displacement and increased as the load increased, whereas in the partial slip regime, the system deformation was independent of the load and increased with the applied displacement. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the system deformation and the applied load in gross slip regime was found for the first time. Based on this linear relationship, the system deformation ratio can forecast the running regime with a given load and displacement. For the titanium alloy fretting pairs studied in this article, the fretting wear was found to run in the gross slip regime if the system deformation ratio was smaller than 0.9. Based on these observations, the system deformation ratio exhibited applicability in assisting the mechanical design of equipment suffering from fretting wear.

Bifurcation Analysis of Gear Pair with Continuous and Intermittent Mesh Stiffness Using Enhanced Compliance Method

The nonlinear dynamics of a multigear pair with the time-varying gear mesh stiffness are investigated using an enhanced compliance-based methodology. In the proposed approach, Lagrangian theory and Runge–Kutta method are used to derive the equation of motion of the multigear pair and solve its dynamic response for various values of the gear mesh frequency, respectively. The simulation results obtained for the dynamic behavior of the multigear pair are compared with those obtained by using continuous (cosine, sine and offset sine function) and intermittent representations of the time-varying gear mesh stiffness. It is shown that periodic, quasi-periodic, aperiodic and chaos motions are induced at different values of the gear mesh frequency. In addition, the bifurcation diagram reveals the occurrence of both nonimpact motion and single-sided impact motion, and Lyapunov exponent can easily diagnose the chaos phenomenon of system.

On the thermodynamic behaviors and interactions between bubble pairs: A numerical approach

Thermodynamic behaviors and interactions between bubble pairs are important to better understand the cavitation phenomena. In this study, a compressible two-phase model, accounting for thermal effects to investigate the thermodynamic behaviors and interactions between bubble pairs, is developed in OpenFOAM. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is adopted to capture the interface. Validations are performed by comparing the simulation results of a single bubble and bubble pairs with corresponding experimental data. The dynamical behaviors of bubble pairs and their thermodynamic effect at different relative distances γ are investigated and discussed, which help reveal the bubble cloud dynamics. The quantitative analysis of γ effects on the maximum temperature during bubble collapse is performed with three distinct stages identified. For a single bubble collapsing near the rigid surface, the thermodynamic characteristics at different relative distances are similar to that of the bubble pairs, but the maximum temperature is higher since the single bubble can collapse to a smaller volume.

Pairing patterns in one-dimensional spin- and mass-imbalanced Fermi gases

We study spin- and mass-imbalanced mixtures of spin-1/2 fermions interacting via an attractive contact potential in one spatial dimension. Specifically, we address the influence of unequal particle masses on the pair formation by means of the complex Langevin method. By computing the pair-correlation function and the associated pair-momentum distribution we find that inhomogeneous pairing is present for all studied spin polarizations and mass imbalances. To further characterize the pairing behavior, we analyze the density-density correlations in momentum space, the so-called shot noise, which is experimentally accessible through time-of-flight imaging. At finite spin polarization, the latter is known to show distinct maxima at momentum configurations associated with the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) instability. Besides those maxima, we find that additional features emerge in the noise correlations when mass imbalance is increased, revealing the stability of FFLO-type correlations against mass imbalance and furnishing an experimentally accessible signature to probe this type of pairing.

Machine Learning Assisted PUF Calibration for Trustworthy Proof of Sensor Data in IoT

Remote integrity verification plays a paramount role in resource-constraint devices owing to emerging applications such as Internet-of-Things (IoT), smart homes, e-health, and so on. The concept of Virtual Proof of Reality (VPoR) proposed by Rührmair et al. in 2015 has come up with a Sense-Prove-Validate framework for integrity checking of abundant data generated from billions of connected sensors. It leverages the unreliability factor of Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) with respect to ambient parameter variations such as temperature, supply voltages, and so on, and claims to prove the authenticity of the sensor data without using any explicit keys. The state-of-the-art authenticated sensing protocols majorly lack in limited authentications and huge storage overhead. These protocols also assume that the behaviour of the PUF instances varies unpredictably for different levels of ambient factors, which in turn makes them hard to go beyond the theoretical concept. We address these issues in this work 1 and propose a Machine Learning (ML) assisted PUF calibration scheme to predict the Challenge-Response Pair (CRP) behaviour of a PUF instance in a specific environment, given the CRP behaviour in a pivot environment. Here, we present a new class of authenticated sensing protocols where we leverage the beneficence of ML techniques to validate the authenticity and integrity of sensor data over ambient factor variations. The scheme also reduces the storage complexity of the verifier from O ( p * K * l * ( c + r )) to O ( p * l *( c + r )), where p is the number of PUF instances deployed in the framework, l is the number of challenge-response pairs used for authentication, c is the bit lengths of the challenge, r is the response bits of the PUF, and K is the number of levels of ambient factor variations. The scheme alleviates the issue of limited authentication as well, whereby every CRP is used only once for authentication and then deleted from the database. To validate the proposed protocol through actual experiments on FPGA, we propose 5-4 Double Arbiter PUF, which is an extension of Double Arbiter PUFs (DAPUFs) as this design is more suited for FPGA, and implement it on Xilinx Artix-7 FPGAs. We characterise the proposed PUF instance from −20° C to 80° C and use Random Forest --based ML technique to generate a soft model of the PUF instance. This model is further used by the verifier to authenticate the actual PUF circuit. According to the FPGA-based validation, the proposed protocol with DAPUF can be effectively used to authenticate sensor devices across wide variations of temperature values.

Quantum simulation of particle pair creation near the event horizon.

Though it is still a big challenge to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics in modern physics, the theory of quantum field related with the gravitational effect has been well developed and some striking phenomena are predicted, such as Hawking radiation. However, the direct measurement of these quantum effects under general relativity is far beyond present experiment techniques. Fortunately, the emulation of general relativity phenomena in the laboratory has become accessible in recent years. However, up to now, these simulations are limited either in classical regime or in flat space whereas quantum simulation related with general relativity is rarely involved. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a quantum evolution of fermions in close proximity to an artificial black hole on a photonic chip. We successfully observe the acceleration behavior, quantum creation, and evolution of a fermion pair near the event horizon: a single-photon wave packet with positive energy escapes from the black hole while negative energy is captured. Our extensible platform not only provides a route to access quantum effects related with general relativity, but also has the potentiality to investigate quantum gravity in future.

Flexural behaviour of pairs of laminated unequal channel beams with different interfacial connections in corner-supported modular steel buildings

Abstract In this study, the combined bending action of pairs of laminated unequal channel beams with different interfacial connections were introduced into corner-supported modular steel buildings with the aim of enhancing the interactions between the adjacent beams and modules in modular buildings. These laminated beams consist of C sections acting together by bolts through their flanges. First, a series of experiments were conducted on three laminated beams, i.e. a channel beam with simple interfacial contact interactions (LB-C), a channel beam with four additional shear bolt connections (LB-C-4B) and a channel beam with eight shear bolt connections (LB-C-8B). Mechanical testing on an independent bending channel beam (ICB) was also performed as a control specimen to evaluate the structural performance of LB-C, LB-C-4B and LB-C-8B, respectively. To further understand the flexural behaviour of the laminated unequal channel beams, finite element models of the beams were developed and validated by using the experimental results. The results show that mechanical performance of LB-C, LB-C-4B and LB-C-8B is significantly better than that of ICB. In addition, the failure modes of the laminated beams are largely dependent on the stiffness of the interfacial connection between the floor and ceiling beams. Strengthening the interfacial interactions could enhance the flexural performance of the laminated beams. Most importantly, this study presents an analytical procedure for rapid prediction of the initial bending stiffnesses of the laminated beams.

Potentiometric Free Chlorine Detection without Using Conventional Reference Electrodes

Introduction Water chlorination is one of key process for supplying safe drinking water. The concentration of fee chlorine has to be monitored as an important index to make the process efficient and is mainly measured at water treatment plant. For realizing smart water supply system based on various IoT technologies, low cost and maintenance-free type sensor which can be easily applied to whole pipeline network system including water outlet on every home would be required. Various kinds of analytical techniques for detection of free chlorine concentration have been proposed and practically utilized. Comparing with regent-type colorimetric methods, electrochemical methods are suitable for in-line monitoring with simplicity and low cost. So far, many amperometric sensors have been proposed [1, 2], Recently, the authors reported a simple sensor device which is composed of two dissimilar electrodes [3]. The open circuit potential of each electrode has a different sensitivity to free chlorine and then the differential signal is extracted as sensor output. In this study, sensing characteristics of this sensor device in flowing-tap-water system were evaluated. Principle The schematic diagram of simple two-electrode system to enable in-line monitoring of free chlorine concentration is represented in Fig.1. Ideally, the sensor device consists of detecting and compensating metal electrodes that are active and inactive to free chlorine as target compound, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivities to interferences, such as temperature, pressure, pH, conductivity, and so on, have to be almost same in order to self-compensate the fluctuation of various environmental factors. In our previous study [3], it was found that platinum and SUS316 electrode are suitable for detecting and compensating electrode, respectively. The difference in open circuit potential could be explained by mixed potential theory. This passive-type sensor which utilize its electromotive force between dissimilar electrodes would have many advantages of low cost, low power consumption and these features enable long-term use of sensor device without periodical maintenance. Method Pt and SUS316 were used as test electrodes. These metal rods were embedded in center of a Teflon mold. Prior to use, each electrode surface was polished with SiC paper and ultrasonically rinsed with ethanol. In order to validate the sensor performances of Pt-SUS316 pair of electrodes in flowing-tap-water system, these electrodes were directly inserted in pipeline, as shown in Fig. 1. Practical tap water with or without free chlorine was fed into this test pipeline at various flow rate by using activated carbon filter which can selectively remove free chlorine. The differential open circuit potentials of Pt-SUS316 pair were measured using a high-input impedance electrometer. The concentration of residual chlorine was checked by free chlorine portable photometer based on DPD method. Results and Conclusions As a first step, the baseline drift behavior of Pt-SUS316 electrode pair was checked, as shown in Fig. 2. Baseline drift was defined as the variation in sensor output from that at the start time of each experiment. Although a slight baseline drift was observed, the value of the drifts were within the range of ±20 mV. However, trend of the drift could not be clarified. It would be caused by tiny fluctuation of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, etc. Typical sensor performance in flowing-tap-water system was described in Fig. 3. Potential difference (sensor output) between Pt and SUS316 was around 200 mV in practical tap water without free chlorine. It indicates that open circuit potential of Pt was higher than that of SUS316 under this condition. When the flow experiment started, the baseline level was slightly fluctuated. After the level was stabilized, tap water containing free chlorine (0.6 mg/L) flow thorough the test pipeline. The senor output sharply increased and reached to steady state within 10 min. This large response was mainly attributed to high sensitivity of pt to free chlorine. Therefore, concentration of free chlorine could be monitored under in-line condition without using conventional reference electrodes. On the other hand, recovery rate was very slow and seem to become slower. However, reproducibility of the sensor response with repeated exposure to free chlorine was good since the steady state values almost unchanged.

A novel method for captive rearing and translocation of juvenile common loons.

Common loons (Gavia immer) are diving waterbirds that are particularly challenging to keep in captivity due to their specific behavioral and physiologic needs, special housing requirements, and susceptibility to stress-related disease. We report a novel method for housing and captive rearing common loon chicks that was developed as part of the first-ever loon translocation effort in southeast Massachusetts,from 2015 to 2017. Thirteen loon chicks were reared in aquatic pens in a natural lake environment, utilizing noninvasive feeding and monitoring techniques that avoided human habituation. Chicks were reared in aquatic pens for 16-28 days before being released onto the lake. All chicks remained clinically normal and were monitored on the lake for up to 4 months following release. At least four of the chicks were subsequently confirmed to have survived to adulthood when they returned to the area in breeding plumage two to 3 years following release. Two of these confirmed adults displayed prolonged territorial pair behavior together, and this is an encouraging early sign that captive-reared individuals may form successful breeding pairs in the future. Because most immature loons remain on the ocean until at least 3 years of age, we expect additional captive-reared loons to return to the release area in subsequent years. These husbandry techniques could be applied to other loon and diving bird species that are notoriously difficult to house in captivity. The novel feeding techniques described here could also be adapted for loon chicks being reared in pools or other traditional captive settings.

The classification of tetraploid wheat by phylogenetic and cytogenetic analyses

Tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) is an important species within the genus Triticum and harbors many desirable agronomic traits. The classification, origin, and evolution of tetraploid wheat remain confused and controversial, resulting in useless germplasm resources. Two classification systems for tetraploid wheat are widely used: 1) tetraploid wheat comprises two species; 2) all forms of tetraploid wheat are classified as one species. The present study aimed to reassess the classification of tetraploid wheat using phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence data, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotyping, and observation of meiotic pairing behavior in F1 hybrids. Network analysis of ITS sequences indicates that tetraploid wheat was not closely related to other Triticeae species with the exception of Aegilops speltoides and Ae. sharonensis. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences and FISH show that Triticum turgidum and T. timopheevii clustered on distinct branches, and meiotic pairing in F1 hybrids of these species showed a high frequency of univalents. Meiotic behavior of F1 hybrids among forms of T. turgidum revealed a low number of univalents (means < 2) except for T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. The significant variation on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 5A, 1B, 2B, 3B, and 6B in the FISH hybridization patterns were observed between T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides and other T. turgidum accessions. Furthermore, the results of ITS phylogenetic analyses correspond closely with observations of meiotic behavior and FISH karyotyping. The present results indicate that T. turgidum and T. timopheevii are two distantly related species of different origins. Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides should be maintained as a subspecies of T. turgidum whereas other forms of T. turgidum should be reclassified as varieties.

Hα KINEMATICS OF THE ISOLATED INTERACTING GALAXY PAIR KPG 486 (NGC 6090)

In optical images, the barely studied isolated interacting galaxy pair KPG 486 (NGC 6090) displays similar features to the Antennae (NGC 4038/39) galaxy pair. To compare the distribution of ionized hydrogen gas, morphology and kinematic and dynamic behaviour of both galaxy pairs, we present observations in the Hα emission line of NGC 6090 acquired with the scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, PUMA. For each galaxy in NGC 6090 we obtained several kinematic parameters, its velocity field and its rotation curve. We also analysed some of the perturbations induced by their encounter. We verified the consistency of our results by comparing them with kinematic results from the literature. The comparison of our results on NGC 6090 with those obtained in a previous similar kinematic analysis of the Antennae highlighted great differences between these galaxy pairs.

Special Issue: Heredity and Evolution in an Ibero-American Context

Special Issue: Heredity and Evolution in an Ibero-American Context

Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis and Meiotic Pairing Behavior of Progenies Originating from a Hexaploid Triticale (×Triticosecale, Wittmack) and Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) Cross

The chromosomal constitution of 9 dwarf (D) and 8 semidwarf (SD) lines derived by crossing hexaploid Triticale line NA-75 (AABBRR, 2n = 6x = 42) with Triticumaestivum (AABBDD, 2n = 6x = 42) cv. Chinese Spring was investigated using molecular cytogenetic techniques: fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization. A wheat-rye translocation (T4DS.7RL), 8 substitution lines, and a ditelosomic addition line (7RSdt) were identified. In the substitution lines, 1, 2, or 4 pairs of wheat chromosomes, belonging to the A, B, or D genome, were replaced by rye chromosomes. Substitutions between chromosomes belonging to different wheat genomes [5B(5A), 1D(1B)] also occurred. The lines were genetically stable, each carrying 42 chromosomes, except the wheat-rye ditelosomic addition line, which carried 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and 1 pair of rye telocentric chromosomes (7RS). The chromosome pairing behavior of the lines was studied during metaphase I of meiosis. The chromosome pairing level and the number of ring bivalents were different for each line. Besides rod bivalents, univalent and multivalent associations (tri- and quadrivalents) were also detected. The main goal of the experiment was to develop genetically stable wheat/Triticale recombinant lines carrying chromosomes/chromatin fragments originating from the R genome of Triticale line NA-75. Introgression of rye genes into hexaploid wheat can broaden its genetic diversity, and the newly developed lines can be used in wheat breeding programs.

Geodesic congruences in exact plane wave spacetimes and the memory effect

Displacement and velocity memory effects in the exact, vacuum, plane gravitational wave line element have been studied recently by looking at the behaviour of pairs of geodesics or via geodesic deviation. Instead, one may investigate the evolution of geodesic congruences. In our work here, we obtain the evolution of the kinematic variables which characterise timelike geodesic congruences, using chosen pulse profiles (square and sech-squared) in the exact, plane gravitational wave line element. We also analyse the behaviour of geodesic congruences in possible physical scenarios describable using derivatives (first, second and third) of one of the chosen pulses. Beginning with a discussion on the generic behaviour of such congruences and consequences thereof, we find exact analytical expressions for shear and expansion with the two chosen pulse profiles. Qualitatively similar numerical results are noted when various derivatives of the sech-squared pulse are used. We conclude that for geodesic congruences, a growth (or decay) of shear causes focusing of an initially parallel congruence, after the departure of the pulse. A correlation between the `focusing time (or $u$ value, $u$ being the affine parameter)' and the amplitude of the pulse (or its derivatives) is found. Such features distinctly suggest a memory effect, named in recent literature as ${\cal B}$ memory.

A first study on home range and habitat characteristics of a tawny owl breeding pair: a case study using direct tracking in the Korean Peninsula

This study investigated the home range and habitat characteristics in tawny owls (Strix aluco), a grade II endangered wildlife species from South Korea. We tracked a breeding pair in Gyeongbuk during their brooding period using an attached radio transmitter through a satellite tracking system (WT-300: GPS-Mobile phone based Telemetry). The subjects had consecutively reproduced in a same nest for two years (2016–2017). The female's location data (six coordinates) were collected in 2016, whereas the male's (12 coordinates) were collected in 2017. Kernel density estimates were used to determine the pair's core habitats; the male had a greater movement range (2,133,971 m2) at 95% kernel density estimate than the female (19,572 m2). The male's core habitat was mostly mixed forest (50.6%), followed by coniferous forest (13.4%), nonirrigated land (10.9%), natural grassland (10.1%), and inland bodies of water (8.2%). The female's core habitat was dominated by mixed forest (36.8%), followed by non-natural barren land (21.7%), nonirrigated land (14.4%), residential areas (10%), and transportation areas (7.9%). This study is the first to track a breeding tawny owl pair on the Korean peninsula through direct satellite. Our results provide fundamental data as a case study regarding home range behavior of an owl breeding pair for developing conservation and management plan.

Aggression by convict cichlid pairs as a means to deter brood mixing in a natural setting

Parental aggression can be a costly behaviour and flexible based upon context. While defence of offspring from potential predators has been well studied in the convict cichlid, it is unclear why parents are aggressive towards other parental pairs who are not likely to be offspring predators. In this experiment we explore the aggressive behaviour of pairs towards parental pairs and nonparental individuals using experimental presentations in the field. We found that parental pairs showed more aggressive displays towards other parental pairs than towards nonparental individuals. Bites did not differ between treatments, but there was a sex difference in bites, with males preferring to bite males and females showing no preference. As a higher level of display was observed both in the presence and absence of fry, we also examined the pair response to fry alone. Focal pairs were more aggressive to stimulus fry that were larger than their own fry, indicating that the larger stimulus fry represented a risk to the focal pair, as predicted by previous findings on brood mixing. We conclude that pair aggression towards parental pairs is a means to prevent brood mixing, and the greater aggression shown towards parental pairs suggests that the risk to parental pairs of brood mixing is greater than that of fry predation by nonparental fish.

Computational design of an intramolecular frustrated lewis pair catalyst for enantioselective hydrogenation

We report DFT calculations on potential intramolecular, enantioselective hydrogenation catalysts based around borenium-carbenes based on a camphor scaffold. Using the M06-2X meta-hybrid functional, we find frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) behavior with suitably chosen linkers that prevent association of Lewis bases with the borenium center. These intramolecular FLPs are predicted to be able to heterolytically dissociate H2. Barriers to dissociation and the endo/exoergic nature of the reaction can be tuned by the nature of the base and substituent on B. The reactivity of the hydrogenated FLP catalyst with olefin and carbonyl substrates is then explored: we predict concerted reactions for all substrates considered with relatively low barriers and large exoergic character. Hydrogenation of both faces of a prochiral substrate is also examined, indicating a small but significant variation in reaction barrier in favor of the Si-face, ascribed to stronger interactions with the aromatic [Formula: see text]-system in the TS compared to the Re-face.

Effect of Particle Size on Tribological Properties of Rubber/Steel Seal Pairs Under Contaminated Water Lubrication Conditions

Abrasive wear is a common failure phenomenon that often limits the service life of seals. In this study, the abrasive wear test of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber against steel was developed under conditions of lubrication contaminated with abrasives. The influence of particle size on coefficient of friction (COF) evolution, particle activities, wear morphologies, and damage mechanisms were discussed in detail. Results showed that the presence of abrasive particles dispersed in lubricated medium clearly deteriorates the tribological performance of the seal pairs. Two threshold values (approximately 7.5 and 75 μm) related to the “particle size effect” were obtained. And on this basis, the damage mechanism can be divided into three types. Several damage characteristics presented on respective worn surface, such as, cutting effect, rolling effect, the pinning effect of the “abrasive group,” an alternated feature with “ridge–valley–ridge,” or in the form of furrows and craters. In addition, the particles in the medium destroyed the lubricating film between the rubbing pairs and increased the COF and material removal capacity of tribo-pairs. Furthermore, the wear mode that clearly describes the wearing behavior of the seal pairs under abrasive-contained water lubrication conditions was identified. The results of this study enhanced our understanding of the wear degradation of rubber seal in all types of contaminated lubrication conditions.

Transition Metal Cooperative Lewis Pairs Using Platinum(0) Diphosphine Monocarbonyl Complexes as Lewis bases

The platinum(0)-diphosphine complex [Pt(CO)(L1)] (3, where L1 = 1,2-C6H4(CH2PtBu2)2) and its diphosphinite analogue [Pt(CO)(L2)] (11, where L2 = 1,2-C6H4(OPtBu2)2) act as Lewis bases in conjunction with the main group Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 to form frustrated or cooperative Lewis pairs. These systems activate dihydrogen, ethene/carbon monoxide, and phenylacetylene, leading to products that depend on the exact ligand used. These subtle changes to ligand structure influence reactivity, most notably in hydrogen activation where a variety of dinuclear species of the type [(diphos)Pt(μ-H)3Pt(diphos)]+ or [(diphos)Pt(μ-H)(μ-CO)Pt(diphos)]+ are observed. Activation of ethene with the Lewis pair leads to a previously reported coupling product and the mechanism is probed. The basicity of [Pt(CO)(L)] is demonstrated by deprotonation of phenylacetylene. Preliminary studies with an analogous palladium complex [Pd(CO)(L1)] 33 suggests related chemistry may be exploited for this metal. These results provide further examples of cooperative Lewis pair behavior in which one of the components is based on a transition metal complex.

Coalescence Behavior of Stable Pendent Drop Pairs Held at Different Electric Potentials.

In this work, we studied the electrocoalescence behavior of stable pendent drop pairs and compared the results with clean drops, where the interface is void of surface-active compounds. The drop phase was brine and the drop-oil interface was stabilized by aging into asphaltene and demulsifier solutions. The experiments involving asphaltene-laden drops required the bulk phase to be clear for visualization of the drops, which is realized by a procedure to replace the asphaltene-containing dark bulk phase by a pure solvent mixture. The narrowly spaced pendent drops, maintained at different electric potentials, acquired net surface charge of opposite polarity, which led to the Coulombic attraction in the drop pair. After the application of voltage, a drop pair was observed to remain at a standstill, attracted, or coalesced depending on the interdrop separation, drop size, and potential difference. We systematically investigated the influence of different surface-active compounds on interfacial stabilization and electrostatic drop-drop attraction and coalescence behavior. Interestingly, the experimental data showed that a drop pair coalesces at a lower potential (ΔVcrit) when the drop-oil interface is populated with the surface-active molecules. Similarly, the minimum voltage (ΔVm) needed to induce attraction between two stable drops and the degree of the attraction are different than those of the clean drops. Furthermore, the demulsifier-laden drops exhibited dissimilar attraction, coalescence, and noncoalescence characteristics to the drops stabilized in asphaltene solutions. Our analysis suggested that the asphaltenes and the commercial demulsifiers differently influenced the drops' response to the applied electric potential. The contrasting coalescence nature of the stable drops could be attributed to a complex interplay between hydrodynamics, electrostatics, and interfacial reorganization of the molecules and charges.