Pair Of Tweezers Research Articles

Ultrahigh-Performance Fiber-Supported Iron-Based Ionic Liquid for Synthesizing 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones in a Cleaner Manner.

Herein, a fiber-supported iron-based ionic liquid as a type of fibrous catalyst has been developed for the synthesis of bioactive 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones (DHPMs) via three-component Biginelli reactions in a cleaner manner. The described fibrous catalyst was obtained from the commercially available polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fiber by postfunctionalization processes and was characterized and analyzed in detail by means of diversified technologies. Furthermore, the fiber-supported iron-based ionic liquids could mediate the classical three-component Biginelli reactions to proceed smoothly to gain a variety of substituted DHPMs with yields of up to 99%. The superior catalytic activities of the fibrous catalyst were ascribed to the quasi-homogeneous medium by ionic liquids generated in the surface layer of the PEEK fiber, which could afford an appropriate reaction zone and could further be available for the aggregation of substrates to facilitate the three-component reaction. Notably, the fibrous catalyst is available for recycling over 10 runs just by a pair of tweezers, and the operational procedure was capable of enlarging the catalytic system to the gram-scale without any performance degradation, which provided a cleaner manner to take advantage of the iron-based catalyst in organic synthesis with potential industrialization prospects.

Life Course Practices in Bronze Age Landscapes of East Central Sweden: Beyond Divine Chiefs and Neodiffusionism

This paper treats the ritual traditions and practices connected with burials in Bronze Age cairns and stone-settings in the province of Södermanland in east central Sweden. The author discusses how the social and ritual roles of the individuals buried in cairns can be intertwined with the characteristics ofthe landscape contexts where caims have been placed. Particular attention is given to the meaning ofa special combination of artefacts —a razor, a pair of tweezers, a double-stud and a knife blade —found in Bronze Age burial contexts. The author suggests that the razor and the other ritual equipment may have been used in connection with life course rituals.

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment for Managing Dental Caries - A Review

The study aims to create awareness about the newly developing atraumatic treatment and its benefits.Atraumatic restorative treatment is an alternative treatment that is used for the removal of caries usinghand instruments only, so therefore no electricity or anaesthesia is required and the pain experienced isminimum. This technique is very useful for children, elderly, special needs patients and patients who feelfear and anxiety about dental treatment as in atraumatic restorative treatment that is more conservation oftooth structure, minimise in trauma and so there is reduced amount of pain due to small cavity preparations.Atraumatic restorative treatment is less painful and is more patient-friendly than that of conventional cariestreatment. The fundamental instruments for ART are mouth mirror, explorer, pair of tweezers, dental hatchet,small and medium-size excavator, spatula, amalgam carrier/applier. ART uses only hand instruments foropening/enlarging the cavity and for removing carious tissue. The amount of carious tissue that should beremoved depends mainly on the cavity depth. In cavities of shallow and medium depth, carious tissue isremoved up to firm dentine. In deep/very deep cavities, in which there is no sign of pulp exposure, pulpinflammation and/or history of spontaneous pain, some soft dentine can be left in the pulpal floor/wall toavoid pulp exposure. This method of treatment is more useful for people in underexposed areas where theyare also able to maintain good oral health.

Using gadolinium ions as affinity probes to selectively enrich and magnetically isolate bacteria from complex samples

Magnetic trapping has been employed in the development of analytical methods owing to its ease and simplicity in handling samples. Nevertheless, the generation of functional probes is usually time consuming. A new and simple affinity method that uses gadolinium ion (Gd3+), a magnetic ion, as affinity probe for magnetic tapping of pathogenic bacteria was demonstrated in the present study. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii were selected as model bacteria. The model bacteria were magnetically isolated after incubation in Tris buffer (pH 8) containing Gd3+ (0.1 M) under microwave heating (power: 180 W, 90 s × 3). The resultant Gd3+–bacterium conjugates possessed sufficient magnetism, resulting in magnetic aggregations by an external magnet (∼4,000 Gauss). For ease of magnetic isolation, the sample containing Gd3+–bacterium complexes was stirred by a small magnet. After 1 h, the magnet attached with precipitates, i.e., Gd3+–bacterium conjugates, was readily removed using a pair of tweezers. The bacteria in the resultant conjugates were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The limits of detection of the current approach toward E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, and A. baumannii in complex samples were ∼104–105 cells mL−1.

In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paraserianthes falcataria bark waste against Haemonchus contortus obtained from a local slaughterhouse in Indonesia.

Aim:This study was conducted to determine the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paraserianthes falcataria bark against Haemonchus contortus.Materials and Methods:Ethanol extract of bark (E.E.B.) waste and aqueous extract of bark (A.E.B.) waste of P. falcataria (at concentrations 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 2.5, and 5%) and albendazole (2 mg/ml) as the positive control were placed in separate Petri dishes (50 mm). Twenty H. contortus worms were placed in Petri dishes and incubated at 37°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 h. Mortality of each worm was ensured by pressing the body of the worm with a pair of tweezers and keeping it in lukewarm water for 5 min before declaring it dead. Mortality is defined as amount of death individuals and time of mortality of each worm was recorded. The parasites were then observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 15 Kv. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test to detect significant differences (p<0.05). The result was expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.Results:The E.E.B. and A.E.B. of P. falcataria contained active compounds, such as tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, and triterpenoid. E.E.B. had a higher content of phenol, while A.E.B. had a higher content of flavonoid. In this study, P. falcataria showed a significant effect (p=0.00) on H. contortus in vitro. E.E.B. (0.8%) was able to exterminate H. contortus completely after 6 h, more effective than A.E.B. (5%) while the positive control requires (2 mg/ml) after 2 h. SEM analysis of the worm treated with E.E.B. and A.E.B. showed damaged cuticle structure.Conclusion:The aqueous and ethanol extracts of P. falcataria bark waste demonstrated anthelmintic activity against H. contortus.

The evaluation of hunters and foresters' knowledge of the possible ways of preventing Borrelia burgdorferi infections

This study is aimed at evaluating the awareness among hunters and foresters concerning the activities undertaken for the prevention of Borrelia burgdorferi infections. The study group included 236 hunters from Poland and 339 foresters from Ukraine. The study was based on an original questionnaire including questions which concerned the applied methods of removing ticks attached to the skin, the kind of preventive measures undertaken to avoid tick bites, the evaluation of knowledge concerning the prevention of tick-borne diseases, as well as the participants' willingness to be educated on this issue. Removing a tick with a pair of tweezers by a simple vertical move was more frequently practiced by the hunters (16.5%). Spreading an oily substance over a tick to make it go out on its own was more often applied by the foresters (18.8%). The occurrence of erythema migrans was more frequently reported by the foresters (47.2%). Among the persons declaring no knowledge of the prevention of tick-borne diseases, 77.8% of the hunters and 61.5% of the foresters were willing to gain such knowledge, and 11.1% of the hunters and 21.2% of the foresters did not want any education on this issue. The hunters more often than the foresters applied repellents and checked their body after returning from green areas. Education is needed in certain groups undertaking hobby or vocational activities in forest areas of Poland and Ukraine. It seems reasonable to undertake research on the preferences concerning the choice of repellents among the groups at risk of tick bites. Med Pr. 2020;71(1):59-68.

What’s that stuff? Hair removers

It’s almost summer in the Northern Hemisphere. Temperatures are rising, swimming pools are opening, and bare arms and legs are emerging from winter clothing. For some people, the start of shorts-and-swimsuit season means it’s time to get rid of body hair. These sunseekers have an array of techniques to turn to: hair removal creams, waxing and sugaring, lasers, and even a good ol’ pair of tweezers. Knowing how the various options work might help you decide which one to use. Getting rid of body hair is a billion-dollar industry and growing worldwide. But depilatories are nothing new. Evidence indicates that prehistoric cultures used stones and shark teeth as crude razors. Some ancient Egyptians removed hair with tweezers, razors, and pumice stones and ripped it out with wax or sugar pastes, leaving behind only their eyebrows. Chemical removers have ancient roots too. People living 6,000 to 7,000 years ago in what

The effect of drinking yogurt on the microhardness of posterior composites resin

Background :This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of yogurt on thesurface microhardness of two types of composite resins; (Filtek™ P90 Low ShrinkPosterior Restorative, 3M ESPE,USA), and (Filtek™ Z350 Posterior Restorative, 3MESPE,USA).Forty samples of composite were prepared by using cylindrical mold (2mm inhight and 8mm in diameter )..All specimens were stored in plastic container thatcontain distilled water and incubated 37cº for 24 hours before they were tested. twentysamples of each type of composite were divided into two groups (10) for each ,baseline measurements for surface microhardness test was taken for all compositesamples using the micromet microhardness tester (Vichers hardness tester) with al00g load was applied for 15 seconds in which three indentations were made for eachsample and converted into Vickers Hardness Number (VHN ) .After baselinemeasurement 10 samples of each type of composite were alternately immersedmanually by holding the specimen by a pair of tweezers from its sides, , in drinkingyogurt (Activia ,KSA) and artificial saliva for 10 cycles 5 seconds each at roomtemperature (25cº). This was repeated three times a day (8am,4pm,12am) at 8hoursintervals for one week. the other 10 samples for each type of composite wereimmersed in artificial saliva only. The total soaking time in both drinking yogurt andsaliva was 100 seconds. After the soaking sequence was completed the specimen wasrinsed with distilled water and subjected to surface microhardness test (Vichershardness tester).Descriptive statistics(mean values and standard deviations with the minimum andmaximum values and Statistical analysis of data by using student t - test for all groupswas carried out between the means of each type of composites ,the results showed asignificant reduction in VHN values (at P&lt;0.05)of Filtek™ Z350 PosteriorRestorative composites after immersion in artificial saliva, while the (Filtek™ Z350Posterior Restorative, 3M ESPE) composite showed a highly significant reduction inVHN values (at P&lt;0.01)after immersion in drinking yogurt. Filtek™ P90 Low ShrinkPosterior Restorative composites showed a non significant reduction in VHN values(at P&gt;0.05) after immersion in artificial saliva and after immersion in drinking yogurt.Filtek™ P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative composites have highest VHNvalue than Filtek™ Z350 Posterior Restorative composites, and surface microhardnessresults showed that drinking yogurt highly significantly effect on the Filtek™ Z350Posterior Restorative composites while it has non significant effect on the Filtek™P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative composite

A sensitive flower: mechanical stimulation induces rapid flower closure in Drosera spp. (Droseraceae)

AbstractSome plants rapidly close their leaves in response to mechanical stimulation, but no case is known in which mechanical stimulation causes rapid petal closure. In this study, we found that Drosera tokaiensis closes petals within 2–10 min after experimental stimulation of the calyx, closed flowers or scapes with a pair of tweezers. Although petal closure was induced more rapidly by touching a position closer to a flower, it was not induced by stimulating stamens and pistils. The habit of petal closure varies among species of Drosera: after experimental stimulations of the calyx or scapes, D. tokaiensis and D. spatulata often closed petals but D. rotundifolia and D. toyoakensis did not close them. The petal closure may function as defense against a specialist florivore.

Effects of glovebox gloves on grip and key pinch strength and contact forces for simulated manual operations with three commonly used hand tools

This study examined the effects of glovebox gloves for 11 females on maximum grip and key pinch strength and on contact forces generated from simulated tasks of a roller, a pair of tweezers and a crescent wrench. The independent variables were gloves fabricated of butyl, CSM/hypalon and neoprene materials; two glove thicknesses; and layers of gloves worn including single, double and triple gloving. CSM/hypalon and butyl gloves produced greater grip strength than the neoprene gloves. CSM/hypalon gloves also lowered contact forces for roller and wrench tasks. Single gloving and thin gloves improved hand strength performances. However, triple layers lowered contact forces for all tasks. Based on the evaluating results, selection and design recommendations of gloves for three hand tools were provided to minimise the effects on hand strength and optimise protection of the palmar hand in glovebox environments.

LETTERS

Bull's eye! Lyme disease awarenessFigureIn the 1970s, the deer tick was named Ixodes dammini (now named Ixodes scapularis) after my father, so when I browse the stacks of medical libraries, articles like yours on Lyme disease (LD) pique my interest (“Targeting Lyme Disease,” May 2013).* The timing is apt, as May and June are the peak months for new cases of LD and other diseases carried by the deer tick. At this time of year, the nymphal form is miniscule but is also a voracious feeder. Although deer ticks are found throughout the year in most of the United States, they're easier to spot in fall and winter when they're much larger. The pathognomonic rash is erythema migrans with its target-like pattern; however, the initial lesion can also look blotchy, cellulitic, and boil-like. The rash must attain at least 5 cm in diameter, as noted, and persist for at least a few days. Some patients have a local allergic reaction to the tick's salival proteins.1–3 The testing and criteria for diagnosis is controversial. Often, even with the classic rash and typical constitutional symptoms, the early serology can be negative.2 Antibiotics are quite effective early on, but public education and prevention, as reviewed quite thoroughly in this article, are key for detecting LD. Your article on Lyme disease was right on target! Two years ago, I noticed a deer tick attached to my skin after walking through deep woods in northern Illinois. Using a pair of tweezers, I tried to grasp the tick as close to the skin's surface as possible. However, in the process of removing the tick, I accidentally squeezed its body. I immediately went to the ED with the tick. In the ED, I was informed that I was overreacting. I had only a small bite mark on my skin from the tick and no other discerning signs or symptoms. I was assured that LD treatment wasn't indicated in our geographic location, so I was sent home. Less than 48 hours later, I developed a red, target-like rash at the site of the tick bite. I returned to the ED and this time I was given oral antibiotics. Now, nearly 2 years later, I'm asymptomatic. In my case, I fully believe it was a “stitch in time.” —TRISTRAM C. DAMMIN, MD, FACEP Danvers, Mass. —ALFRED J. HOLLAND JR. Glen Ellyn, Ill.

Molecular Diagnosis using Multi Drug Delivery Network and Stability

By using a pair of tweezers to generate the intense optical vortices within the PANDA ring resonator, the required molecules (drug volumes) can be trapped and moved dynamically within the molecular bus networks, in which the required diagnosis or drug delivery targets can be performed within the network. The advantage of the proposed system is that the proposed diagnostic method can perform within the tiny system (thin film device or circuit), which can be available for a human embedded device for diagnostic use. The channel spacing of the trapped volumes (molecules) within the bus molecular networks can be provided.

Influência da irradiação do laser na regeneração nervosa em diferentes locais de tratamento

OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência do laser de baixa intensidade de AsGaAl na lesão por esmagamento do nervo peroneiro de ratos através da avaliação funcional da marcha nos diferentes locais de irradiação. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 53 ratos, divididos em seis grupos: normal, lesado não tratado, lesado e tratado placebo, lesado e tratado na medula, lesado e tratado no nervo, lesado e tratado em ambos (nervo e medula). O esmagamento do nervo peroneiro foi realizado por meio de uma pinça e subsequente tratado com laser por 28 dias consecutivos. Na avaliação funcional foram analisadas as impressões das pegadas, registradas pela câmera de vídeo em uma passarela de acrílico, no pré-operatório e aos 14º, 21º e 28º dias de pós-operatório, e avaliadas na fórmula PFI por meio do software. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação funcional da marcha foram encontradas diferenças significantes somente no 14º dia de pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: A irradiação do laser AsGaAl de baixa intensidade foi capaz de acelerar e potencializar o processo de regeneração nervosa periférica de ratos no 14º dia de pós-operatório, de acordo com a avaliação funcional da marcha, tanto para o grupo tratado na medula quanto para o grupo tratado no nervo.

Secret Histories

[Begin Page 63] When I was twenty-two, I moved out of my parents' house in the Maryland suburbs and down into Washington, D.C. I was fresh out of art school with a hundred dollars in the bank, an entirely useless degree in drawing and painting, no job and no place to live. It was 1982, well past the tail end of radical hippiedom in DC but long before gentrification, and most of the city was affordable for people like me, and it wasn't as if I was moving into [End Page 63] unknown territory. Rick, a guy I knew from art school, had moved in with a bunch of his pothead friends, who lived on the east side of Rock Creek Park, in a group house near 16th Street. Some people he knew had a room to rent, and he invited me to meet them at a party in the offices of Steamin' Reams Press. Steamin' Reams was an offset press machine in the basement of an Asian grocery store in the Adams Morgan neighborhood; it was the sole publisher of The Secret History of the Seventies, a seven-hundred-page indictment of Nixon, lavishly illustrated with color cartoons. I guess at the party we were supposed to buy copies, which were stacked on folding chairs, but I don't remember anyone buying anything. The basement was crowded, dark and noisy and smelled of printer's ink. Instead of focusing on the politics of the day, Rick led me over to Rebecca, my future landlady, who handed me a pair of tweezers so I could smoke the roach-end of her joint. She was pudgy and fluffy-haired; she introduced me to her husband, Doug, who was frighteningly thin and wore a red bandana. "They live on Florida Avenue," Rick said in my ear, loud enough to be heard over the third reprise of "London Calling." "At the bottom of Adams Morgan. You know where that is?" I remember nodding with enthusiasm, even though I had no clear idea. "Jessie," Rebecca said, as though she was trying really hard to remember my name. "Jessie. You're looking for a place? We've got an attic. It's a nice attic. We live on Florida. You could live in the attic." "Sounds great!" I said and sucked the last of the smoking roach through my teeth. I went to look the place over the next day. It was late October, when there was nothing remotely Floridian about DC. The street was trashy, and the house was right next door to an obviously abandoned three-story apartment building. Bicycle wheels hung in the crooked little tree out front. Doug showed me the back of the house, where a wooden fire escape ran up the back to my own private entrance. We trudged up the stairs in the damp, chilly afternoon, and at the top Doug turned his skinny body in a theatrical motion and extended his arm to indicate the wilds of Rock Creek Park, which claimed the entire neighborhood of Adams Morgan as its easternmost boundary. To the west, the park ran for a couple of miles, stopped to make room for the National Zoo and then became the stately backyards of the mansions on Connecticut Avenue. I stood at the top of the stairs in the nascent winter drizzle and said to [End Page 64] Doug, "Do you know your neighbors?" which seemed like a very wise question for me to ask. "Oh, sure," Doug said. I paid my fifty bucks for the month and lugged my stuff in that night, even though the attic ceiling was so low I couldn't stand up straight and it was clear that the shower was going to leak all over the floor. The kitchen was a just a tiny fridge and a hotplate, and as fall turned into winter I discovered that there was barely any heat. I was cold all the time, but I was out on my own, and in the mornings...

A Tweezers-like Motion of the ATP-Binding Cassette Dimer in an ABC Transport Cycle

The ATPase components of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters power the transporters by binding and hydrolyzing ATP. Major conformational changes of an ATPase are revealed by crystal structures of MalK, the ATPase subunit of the maltose transporter from Escherichia coli, in three different dimeric configurations. While other nucleotide binding domains or subunits display low affinity for each other in the absence of the transmembrane segments, the MalK dimer is stabilized through interactions of the additional C-terminal domains. In the two nucleotide-free structures, the N-terminal nucleotide binding domains are separated to differing degrees, and the dimer is maintained through contacts of the C-terminal regulatory domains. In the ATP-bound form, the nucleotide binding domains make contact and two ATPs lie buried along the dimer interface. The two nucleotide binding domains of the dimer open and close like a pair of tweezers, suggesting a regulatory mechanism for ATPase activity that may be tightly coupled to translocation.

Molecular analysis of animal and plant cells is facilitated by their attachment to collodion (cellulose nitrate) films.

A procedure for the efficient transfer of cell monolayers, cultured on glass coverslips, to microscopy slides has been developed. This technique involves the coating of the upper surface of an ethanol-fixed cultured cell layer with a film of collodion dissolved in n-amyl acetate. The dry collodion-coated cell layer can then be detached by rehydrating it for 1 h under water or phosphate-buffered saline and then carefully peeling it away from the coverslip using a pair of tweezers. Once a cell layer has been so mounted, it can be subjected to rough treatment such as proteolytic degradation (which greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio in procedures like in situ hybridization [ISH] or primed in situ synthesis [PRINS]) without running the risk of cell detachment because of the partial or total degradation of the extracellular matrix. As an example of its application, we show a PRINS of telomeres from mouse fibroblasts. The high mechanical strength of collodion ensures that the structural integrity and morphology of the cell layer is maintained under experimental conditions where the collodion itself is insoluble. In addition to its use on cell layers, collodion can be used for the production of support films for (i) attaching suspension cell cultures, (ii) immobilizing cells normally cultured in suspension (such as tobacco BY2 cells or germinating tobacco pollen grains) or (iii) planting cryostat sections to microscopy slides. The value of this technique lies in its ease of use and the large number of different applications, in both the plant and animal fields of research, to which it may be applied.

The effect of specimen handling on the cyclic oxidation behaviour of Ti-48Al-2Cr

The importance is indicated of specimen handling during mass change measurements for cyclic oxidation testing. Four different microstructures of Ti-48 Al-2 Cr were used, i.e. near gamma, duplex, nearly lamellar and fully lamellar. Experiments were performed at 700 °C in air. Two different procedures for intermediate mass change measurements were employed. In the first procedure the specimens were mechanically touched with a pair of tweezers. In the second one, the specimens were only indirectly handled for weighing. These different ways of testing resulted in different results. It is concluded that care should be taken of these and other test conditions employed for cyclic corrosion testing of materials. Recommendations related to specimen handling for a Code of Practice are made.

Origin of the regioselective lithiation of 1,3-disubstituted heteroatom aromatics. MNDO evidence for bidentate complexation

The regioselective lithiation of several prototype 1,3-disubstituted heteroatom aromatics, such as 1,3-dimethoxybenzene (DMB), 1,3-difluorobenzene (DFB), and 3-fluoroanisole (FA), has been studied by means of the semiempirical MNDO method. Calculations show clear-cut evidence for the intermediate formation of chelated species 6, which formally derives from the bidentate coordination of the coordinatively unsaturated lithium base by the educt working as a «pair of tweezers»

Fast imaging method for native liposomes: cryo Electron Microscopy for use in research and quality monitoring

Because of their high affinity to biological membranes liposomes are used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Encapsulated active agents can be transported through biological barriers into cells. Apart from chemical properties, the physical characteristics of liposomes determine their ability of penetration and resorption: Vesicle size, lamellarity (number of membranes) and homogeneity are criterias for the quality of liposome-formulations and usually can be measured with laser-light-scattering combined with e.g. NMR-spectroscopy. Classification of liposomes in type (lamellarity) and size or differentiation of liposomes from other particles e.g. oil-droplets or crystals however requires imaging of the liposomes in their native state. Cryofixation and subsequent cryo-electron-microscopy enable to recognize the form and the structure of liposomes. In view of the low mass of the liposome shell, contrast in a conventional transmission electron micoscope is too weak for rapid, reliable recording of these structures. Imaging in an energy filtered transmission electron microscope (EFEM), however, provides optimum contrast and hence a basis for the correct assessment of the liposome structure including measurement and classification.Using a special pair of tweezers, take a hydrophilic perforated film (Triafol) and mount it in the injector. Using a pipette, apply 5μl of liposome suspension on this film so that a clear drop is visible. The excess liquid is removed by placing a piece of paper on the film for about 2 seconds. After this, the injector is immediately shot into the cryogen (ethane liquid). Removed from the cryogen and loaded in the specimen holder the specimen can be tranferred to the cryo EM and observed at minimum electron dose on the TV monitor using the image intensifier camera.

Studies on the Parasitic Forms of Sporothrix schenckii in Scales and Crusts

This paper is concerned with the parasitic forms of Sporotrichum schenckii in scales and crusts. The patient is a 1 year-old male infant, who admitted to the Narashino National Hospital for the treatment of head-trauma.About 6 months ago, a papule appeared on the right cheek, and after that new papule grew by one. They spreaded slowly and now there are two scaly rashes (7×6mm and 4×4mm) with crusts on the center of the cheek. As scales were removed by a pair of tweezers, the lesions showed erosion.The patient was not rteated for this disease to date, and family history and laboratory findings were not paticular.Several scales and crusts were examined with 20% potasium hydroxide microscopically, and many fungous elements were found. They were classified into two groups; yeast like shape and filamentous.The cells which showed the former group varied greatly in size and shape; spherical, ovoidal, ellipsoidal, clavate, broad bean shaped, racket shaped and so on, occuring singly, in pairs, small groups or short chains. They measured 2-40μ in length. Occasionally, septa, nucleus, ring or sediment was observed in them. Furthermore, there were a few cells which resembled Hulle cells of Aspergillus nidulans or Aspergillus ustus.In the latter one there were long slender hyphae (about 1μ in width), short thick hyphae, and ones with the enlargement of intercalary or terminal cells. The cells had thick walls and were characterized by considerable variation in size and shape nevertheless the walls of hyphae was thin. On the other hand, a few beads shaped filaments were observed.For cultures two kinds of slants were employed. One was Sabouraud's glucose agar slant and the other Sabouraud's glucose agar supplemented with actidione (0.5mg per ml) and chloramphenicol (0.05mg per ml). Three slants were used for each medium. Scales and crusts were inoculated on each slant and incubated at room temperature. After 4 days many small and white colonies grew on all slants. After 7 days the surface of them became moist, wrinkled and membraneous. The color was black. Microscopically, the delicate, branching, septate hyphae were observed, and they beared spherical or pyriform microconidia laterally, or in groups from the ends of lateral branches. The microconidia were about 2-5μ in diameter.The yeast like phase of it could be obtained on brain-heart infusion agar supplemented with 1% glucose after incubation for 7 days at 37°C.The isolated fungus was determined Sporotrichum schenckii. The growth of other fungus was never recognizable within 45 days except a few colonies of Staphylococcus epidermidis.