Pair Cross Research Articles

Paired Electrocatalysis-Enabled Cross Coupling of Sulfinamides with Olefins toward the Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfoximines.

We present here a novel paired electrocatalysis-enabled convenient synthesis of the (E)-vinyl sulfoximines through the cross-coupling reaction of sulfinamides and olefins. This protocol showed a broad substrate scope and excellent E selectivity of products under metal- and oxidant-free conditions. A preliminary mechanistic study suggested that fluorinated sulfoximine generated from anodic oxidation of sulfinamide was the key intermediate that was then converted into the sulfonimidoyl radical at the cathode with the help of DBU in this reaction.

Measurement of vector boson production cross sections and their ratios using pp collisions at [formula omitted] TeV with the ATLAS detector

Fiducial and total W± and Z boson cross sections, their ratios and the ratio of top-antitop-quark pair and W-boson fiducial cross sections are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13.6TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 fb−1 of data collected in 2022 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The measured fiducial cross-section values for W+→ℓ+ν, W−→ℓ−ν¯, and Z→ℓ+ℓ− (ℓ=e or μ) boson productions are 4250±150pb, 3310±120pb, and 744±20pb, respectively, where the uncertainty is the total uncertainty, including that arising from the luminosity of about 2.2%. The measurements are in agreement with Standard-Model predictions calculated at next-to-next-to-leading-order in αs, next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and next-to-leading-order electroweak accuracy.

Assessing the Combining Ability and Gene Action Parameters of Double Crosses Hybrids of Gynoecious Cucumber in Protected Cultivation

The experiment was carried out in the unheated greenhouses of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar in the fall season 2021. Enter six Inbred lines (C-A-1026, C-P-1027, C-L-1031, C-S-1029, C-K-1030 and C-M-1028) in a half-cross cross-crossing to produce fifteen individual crosses, which were introduced into another program to elicit 45 paired crosses in the spring period of 2022, then the paired crosses were planted (45 paired crosses, fifteen individual crosses, and the six Inbred lines) included in their composition, and compared (Kanz) to study the arithmetic averages, hybrid vigor, the General Specific Combining Ability and some other genetic parameters, in the autumn season 2022 in plastic houses and with three replications, according to the design of randomized complete sectors (RCBD). The mean squares showed highly significant variations and differences in most of the studied traits, as the paired hybrid (2×4) (5×6) was distinguished by the largest leaf area of 144.46 dm2 plant-1, while the paired hybrid (2×6) (3×4) was distinguished by the highest percentage. Contract reached 74% compared to other marital crosses. The results showed a superior genetic action, especially in the type (dominant × dominant), which was responsible for the transfer of genetic traits from parents to individual crosses and to their paired crosses, which obtained the largest part of the yield and its components, which indicates the possibility of improvement in crossbreeding).

Top quark pair and single top cross sections and ttX (CMS)

Latest results on inclusive and differential top quark pair and single top quark production cross sections are presented using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment. The differential cross sections are measured as a function of various kinematic observables of the top quarks and the jets and leptons of the event final state. The results are confronted with precise theory calculations and used to constrain Standard Model parameters. Measurements are performed also with high p_TpT top quarks, i.e., in boosted regimes.

Half diallel of F1 tomato hybrid and its double cross-compatibility

Abstract. Farid M, Anhsori MF, Ridwan I, Dungga NE, Ermiyanti I. 2022. Half diallel of F1 tomato hybrid and its double cross-compatibility. Biodiversitas 23: 1813-1821. Breeding program for improvement of tomato fruit can be done through diallelic crosses genetic combinations. Therefore, genetic evaluation is needed to meet the breeding objective. This process can be combined with crosses between F1 to produce high diversity. However, evaluating the crosses' compatibility is required to increase the effectiveness of the assembly process. This study aimedto assess the half-diallel crosses of F1 tomatoes in the field and determine the most compatible pair cross combinationsin forming double and three-way F1 populations. This study was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The field evaluation was arranged ina randomized complete block design with ten genotypes, while the compatibility evaluationwas carried out using 6 F1 half diallel as the parents. The results showed that the Mawar and Chung varieties were better parents in the crossings. Furthermore, the results showed that F1 K/M (the best yield component), M/C (the best TDS and Lycopene traits), and BC/K (the genotype has good traits of yield component, TDS and Lycopene) were the best single F1 crosses that could be inherited to the F2 generation. In contrast, F1 K/M and F1 K/C crosses were the best male and female parents, respectively. The recommended double-crosses include K/C//BC/M, and BC/C//K/M, while for the F1 unbalanced three-way cross was K/C//K/M.

Visual discrimination and amodal completion in zebrafish.

While zebrafish represent an important model for the study of the visual system, visual perception in this species is still less investigated than in other teleost fish. In this work, we validated for zebrafish two versions of a visual discrimination learning task, which is based on the motivation to reach food and companions. Using this task, we investigated zebrafish ability to discriminate between two different shape pairs (i.e., disk vs. cross and full vs. amputated disk). Once zebrafish were successfully trained to discriminate a full from an amputated disk, we also tested their ability to visually complete partially occluded objects (amodal completion). After training, animals were presented with two amputated disks. In these test stimuli, another shape was either exactly juxtaposed or only placed close to the missing sectors of the disk. Only the former stimulus should elicit amodal completion. In human observers, this stimulus causes the impression that the other shape is occluding the missing sector of the disk, which is thus perceived as a complete, although partially hidden, disk. In line with our predictions, fish reinforced on the full disk chose the stimulus eliciting amodal completion, while fish reinforced on the amputated disk chose the other stimulus. This represents the first demonstration of amodal completion perception in zebrafish. Moreover, our results also indicated that a specific shape pair (disk vs. cross) might be particularly difficult to discriminate for this species, confirming previous reports obtained with different procedures.

Prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production cross sections at midrapidity in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{mathrm{s}} = 5.02 and 13 TeV

The production of J/ψ is measured at midrapidity (|y| < 0.9) in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 5.02 and 13 TeV, through the dielectron decay channel, using the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data sets used for the analyses correspond to integrated luminosities of mathcal{L} int = 19.4 ± 0.4 nb−1 and mathcal{L} int = 32.2 ± 0.5 nb−1 at sqrt{s} = 5.02 and 13 TeV, respectively. The fraction of non-prompt J/ψ mesons, i.e. those originating from the decay of beauty hadrons, is measured down to a transverse momentum pT = 2 GeV/c (1 GeV/c) at sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV (13 TeV). The pT and rapidity (y) differential cross sections, as well as the corresponding values integrated over pT and y, are carried out separately for prompt and non-prompt J/ψ mesons. The results are compared with measurements from other experiments and theoretical calculations based on quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The shapes of the pT and y distributions of beauty quarks predicted by state-of-the-art perturbative QCD models are used to extrapolate an estimate of the mathrm{b}overline{mathrm{b}} pair cross section at midrapidity and in the total phase space. The total mathrm{b}overline{mathrm{b}} cross sections are found to be {sigma}_{mathrm{b}overline{mathrm{b}}} = 541 ± 45 (stat.) ± 69 {left(mathrm{syst}.right)}_{-12}^{+10} (extr.) μb and {sigma}_{mathrm{b}overline{mathrm{b}}} = 218±37 (stat.)±31 {left(mathrm{syst}.right)}_{-9.1}^{+8.2} (extr.) μb at sqrt{s} = 13 and 5.02 TeV, respectively. The value obtained from the combination of ALICE and LHCb measurements in pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV is also provided.

Pea Grain Protein Content Across Italian Environments: Genetic Relationship With Grain Yield, and Opportunities for Genome-Enabled Selection for Protein Yield.

Wider pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivation has great interest for European agriculture, owing to its favorable environmental impact and provision of high-protein feedstuff. This work aimed to investigate the extent of genotype × environment interaction (GEI), genetically based trade-offs and polygenic control for crude protein content and grain yield of pea targeted to Italian environments, and to assess the efficiency of genomic selection (GS) as an alternative to phenotypic selection (PS) to increase protein yield per unit area. Some 306 genotypes belonging to three connected recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from paired crosses between elite cultivars were genotyped through genotyping-by-sequencing and phenotyped for grain yield and protein content on a dry matter basis in three autumn-sown environments of northern or central Italy. Line variation for mean protein content ranged from 21.7 to 26.6%. Purely genetic effects, compared with GEI effects, were over two-fold larger for protein content, and over 2-fold smaller for grain and protein yield per unit area. Grain yield and protein content exhibited no inverse genetic correlation. A genome-wide association study revealed a definite polygenic control not only for grain yield but also for protein content, with small amounts of trait variation accounted for by individual loci. On average, the GS predictive ability for individual RIL populations based on the rrBLUP model (which was selected out of four tested models) using by turns two environments for selection and one for validation was moderately high for protein content (0.53) and moderate for grain yield (0.40) and protein yield (0.41). These values were about halved for inter-environment, inter-population predictions using one RIL population for model construction to predict data of the other populations. The comparison between GS and PS for protein yield based on predicted gains per unit time and similar evaluation costs indicated an advantage of GS for model construction including the target RIL population and, in case of multi-year PS, even for model training based on data of a non-target population. In conclusion, protein content is less challenging than grain yield for phenotypic or genome-enabled improvement, and GS is promising for the simultaneous improvement of both traits.

Second-Order Semi-Parametric Inference for Multivariate Log Gaussian Cox Processes

Abstract This paper introduces a new approach to inferring the second-order properties of a multivariate log Gaussian Cox process (LGCP) with a complex intensity function. We assume a semi-parametric model for the multivariate intensity function containing an unspecified complex factor common to all types of points. Given this model, we construct a second-order conditional composite likelihood to infer the pair correlation and cross pair correlation functions of the LGCP. Crucially this likelihood does not depend on the unspecified part of the intensity function. We also introduce a cross-validation method for model selection and an algorithm for regularized inference that can be used to obtain sparse models for cross pair correlation functions. The methodology is applied to simulated data as well as data examples from microscopy and criminology. This shows how the new approach outperforms existing alternatives where the intensity functions are estimated non-parametrically.

Comparing Genomic Prediction Models by Means of Cross Validation.

In the two decades of continuous development of genomic selection, a great variety of models have been proposed to make predictions from the information available in dense marker panels. Besides deciding which particular model to use, practitioners also need to make many minor choices for those parameters in the model which are not typically estimated by the data (so called “hyper-parameters”). When the focus is placed on predictions, most of these decisions are made in a direction sought to optimize predictive accuracy. Here we discuss and illustrate using publicly available crop datasets the use of cross validation to make many such decisions. In particular, we emphasize the importance of paired comparisons to achieve high power in the comparison between candidate models, as well as the need to define notions of relevance in the difference between their performances. Regarding the latter, we borrow the idea of equivalence margins from clinical research and introduce new statistical tests. We conclude that most hyper-parameters can be learnt from the data by either minimizing REML or by using weakly-informative priors, with good predictive results. In particular, the default options in a popular software are generally competitive with the optimal values. With regard to the performance assessments themselves, we conclude that the paired k-fold cross validation is a generally applicable and statistically powerful methodology to assess differences in model accuracies. Coupled with the definition of equivalence margins based on expected genetic gain, it becomes a useful tool for breeders.

New source material for the creation of perspective varieties of melon

Relevance. The creation of varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is the main direction in melon breeding. The market for vegetables and melons and gourds is very dynamic, the demands for varieties are constantly changing, therefore, it is necessary to introduce new varieties with high taste and commercial qualities, as well as capable of producing high yields in a changing climate. The aim of the work is to produce a new melon starting material for use in the breeding process.Materials and methods. At the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station – branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific vegetable center", research was carried out from 2018 to 2020. The object of research is samples from the collection of VIR, foreign and domestic selection, hybrid combinations obtained as a result of intervarietal hybridization. Collection samples of melon were studied in the nursery of the source material: 84 samples from the VIR collection, 26 samples of domestic and foreign selection were studied.Results. As a result of the research, samples of melon with economically valuable traits were identified that meet the requirements of selection. Paired crosses with zoned varieties of local selection were carried out with them. As a result of hybridization, hybrid combinations F1 were obtained, from which the best ones were selected for further breeding work. The obtained collection samples and hybrid combinations were evaluated in terms of taste, yield, resistance to environmental abiofactors, dry matter content, large-fruited, attractive color of the fruit and pulp As a result received a new source material for the selection of new varieties and hybrids of melons with valuable economic traits. The resulting hybrid combinations of F1 melon were tested against an infectious background. Hybrid combinations with the best performance will be further studied in a breeding nursery.

Creation of breeding material of oil flax with high cold resistance by hybridization method

Aim. The aim of the study is to create a selection material of oilseed flax with high cold resistance by hybridization. Methods. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: simple (single and reciprocal) and complex (backcross, triple, four- and five-component step) crossing. Promising plants for cold tolerance donors were involved in the selection process. Creations of crossbreeding combinations were created on the basis of hypotheses of multiple gene action and heterosis. Results. The results of the study are the creation of hybrids of oilseed flax with high cold resistance. Conclusions. It was found that paired crosses were less effective compared to different types of complex. The formative process of complex crosses contributes to the increase of adaptive signs and properties to hypothermia. The best donor of cold resistance was the Sideral variety.&#x0D; Key words: flax, cold resistance, hybridization, simple crosses, complex crosses.

Inheritance of salt‐tolerance traits among Kentucky bluegrass hybrids

AbstractKentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is widely used because of its adaptation to recreational spaces in the Intermountain West and elsewhere. It is considered salt sensitive and therefore is a good candidate for breeding improvement for this trait. However, improvement in Kentucky bluegrass is difficult because of apomictic reproduction and dosage effects from high polyploidy. The objective of this study was to evaluate salinity tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass hybrids and their parental lines and identify those with above mid‐parent trait values for salt tolerance to identify lines for future breeding. Fifteen hybrid progeny from five paired crosses were previously identified, their apomictic offtype characterized with flow cytometry, and their turf quality (TQ) and electrolyte leakage (EL) traits measured over time and under salt treatment. There was significant variation in salinity tolerance among the different parents and hybrids, with most hybrids showing trait values between the two parents. The salt‐tolerant parents PI440603 and PI371768 produced hybrids with greater than mid‐parent tolerance when crossed with elite Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Seven hybrids [(‘Washington’ × PI440603)‐3 and ‐5, (PI499557 × PI440603)‐1 and ‐2, (PI578827 × PI371768)‐1 and ‐2, and (‘North Star’ × PI371768)‐1] had above mid‐parent averages, significantly better TQ and EL than their respective salt‐sensitive parent, or the smallest change in TQ or EL values between control and salt‐treated plants.

Globally Density-Corrected Correlation Analysis for Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy

One of the strengths of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is that it enables statistical analysis of fairly weak nanoscale interactions between the molecules of interest, often in the form of pair (cross-) correlation analysis. Correlation analysis relies on the assumption that the statistics of pair-wise interactions between molecules does not depend on location, so that we may combine observations of pairs of points from different locations in a region of interest into a unified picture of the distribution of pair distances.

Effect of F2 Inter se Mating on Quantitative Traits Mean, Range, Variance and Heritability in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus)

Background: Pedigree method of breeding in predominantly self-pollinated crop like dolichos bean enable exploiting only fixable genetic effects as a result of rapid increase in homozygosis. One or a few cycles of inter-mating in F2 generation help create populations with high frequency of desired recombinants which otherwise cannot be realized in later generations. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the impact of inter se mating in F2 population on nine quantitative traits’ (QTs) mean and variability parameters.Methods: Randomly selected 20 pairs of a single cross-derived F2 plants with flowering synchrony were inter se mated. Progenies derived from 20 paired crosses (designated as BIP F3 progenies) and those (F3) derived from their 40 F2 parents were evaluated for 9 QTs. Statistics such as mean, absolute range (AR) and standardized range (SR), variance (σ2), additive genetic variance (σ2A) and narrow-sense heritability (NS-h2) were estimated. BIP F3 progenies were compared with those of F3 progenies for QTs mean, AR/SR, σ2, σ2A and NS-h2. Significance of differences between BIP F3 progenies and F3 progenies for mean and σ2 were examined using two-sample t test and Levene’s tests, respectively. Result: The random mating in F2 population was effective in increasing the means, variances, σ2A and NS-h2 of racemes plant-1, fresh pods node-1, fresh pods plant-1 and fresh pod yield plant-1 in dolichos bean. Considering that random mating followed by selfing is a method of genetic improvement for future breeding rather than for immediate use, our results suggest long-term genetic gain and better prospects of deriving superior pure-lines with desired traits/combination of traits from inter-mated population in dolichos bean.

Development of acid-resistant winter rye Kiprez variety

The current trend of winter rye breeding for the conditions of northern agriculture is development of aluminum and acid-tolerant cultivars. Studies were carried out in the central zone of the Kirov region in 1991-2019. The complex natural provocative background was used (aluminum ion content 25.5-26.7 mg/100 g of soil at a pH of salt extract 3.6-3.8; annual epiphytotic development of pink snow mold Microdochium nivale (Fr.). Winter-resistant and adaptive cv. Kirovskaya 89 served as the initial material. A rigid natural provocative background made it possible to select the best plants (500 pieces) that were transplanted in spring to an isolated area. Subsequent negative selections, field and laboratory assessments made it possible to create the Kiprez population. During the period of 1995-2013 population reproduction was carried out on a provocative background and 5 cycles of negative selection with simultaneous study in competitive varietal testing on two soil backgrounds. The first selection cycle contributed to an increase in the yield of the new population under conditions of edaphic stress over the original cv. Kirovskaya 89 by 12.6%; the second and third by 19.5 and 29.3%, respectively. Further selection did not show a significant effect. Since 2010, the further improvement of the cv. Kiprez has been carried out using individual-family selection and paired crosses. A multi-year competitive test (2014-2019) showed the advantage of the cv. Kiprez over the standard and the initial cultivar. The average yield increase to the Kirovskaya 89 variety under conditions of slightly acidic soils (pH − 5.3-5.7; Al3+ − 5.0-6.5) was 0.50 t / ha (Kirov) and 0.75 t/ha (Falenki); in the conditions of edaphic stress − 1.91 t / ha (Falenki). A combination of aluminum- and acid tolerance of the cultivar with drought resistance was revealed. In 2014, with a moisture deficit (31% of the norm) in the grain filling and ripening phase, cv. Kiprez exceeded significantly the cv. Falenskaya 4 (standard) by 0.82 tons/ha (19.1%) in a acidic background; initial cv. Kirovskaya 89 - by 1.97 tons/ha (62.7%). Cv. Kiprez is recommended for cultivation on low-fertile soils in harsh hydrothermal conditions of northern agriculture.

Simple Realizability of Complete Abstract Topological Graphs Simplified

An abstract topological graph (briefly an AT-graph) is a pair $A=(G,\mathcal{X})$ where $G=(V,E)$ is a graph and $\mathcal{X}\subseteq {E \choose 2}$ is a set of pairs of its edges. The AT-graph $A$ is simply realizable if $G$ can be drawn in the plane so that each pair of edges from $\mathcal{X}$ crosses exactly once and no other pair crosses. We show that simply realizable complete AT-graphs are characterized by a finite set of forbidden AT-subgraphs, each with at most six vertices. This implies a straightforward polynomial algorithm for testing simple realizability of complete AT-graphs, which simplifies a previous algorithm by the author. We also show an analogous result for independent $\mathbb{Z}_2$-realizability, where only the parity of the number of crossings for each pair of independent edges is specified.

ЦЕРКОВЬ МЕДХАНЕ АЛЕМ В АДИ КЕШО И СЛОЖНОСТИ ДАТИРОВКИ СКАЛЬНЫХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ РЕГИОНА ТЫГРАЙ (ЭФИОПИЯ)

ЦЕРКОВЬ МЕДХАНЕ АЛЕМ В АДИ КЕШО И СЛОЖНОСТИ ДАТИРОВКИ СКАЛЬНЫХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ РЕГИОНА ТЫГРАЙ (ЭФИОПИЯ)

K-Net: Integrate Left Ventricle Segmentation and Direct Quantification of Paired Echo Sequence.

The integration of segmentation and direct quantification on the left ventricle (LV) from the paired apical views(i.e., apical 4-chamber and 2-chamber together) echo sequence clinically achieves the comprehensive cardiac assessment: multiview segmentation for anatomical morphology, and multidimensional quantification for contractile function. Direct quantification of LV, i.e., to automatically quantify multiple LV indices directly from the image via task-aware feature representation and regression, avoids accumulative error from the inter-step target. This integration sequentially makes a stereoscopical reflection of cardiac activity jointly from the paired orthogonal cross views sequences, overcoming limited observation with a single plane. We propose a K-shaped Unified Network (K-Net), the first end-to-end framework to simultaneously segment LV from apical 4-chamber and 2-chamber views, and directly quantify LV from major- and minor-axis dimensions (1D), area (2D), and volume (3D), in sequence. It works via four components: 1) the K-Net architecture with the Attention Junction enables heterogeneous tasks learning of segmentation task of pixel-wise classification, and direct quantification task of image-wise regression, by interactively introducing the information from segmentation to jointly promote spatial attention map to guide quantification focusing on LV-related region, and transferring quantification feedback to make global constraint on segmentation; 2) the Bi-ResLSTMs distributed in K-Net layer-by-layer hierarchically extract spatial-temporal information in echo sequence, with bidirectional recurrent and short-cut connection to model spatial-temporal information among all frames; 3) the Information Valve tailing the Bi-ResLSTMs selectively exchanges information among multiple views, by stimulating complementary information and suppressing redundant information to make the efficient cross-flow for each view; 4) the Evolution Loss comprehensively guides sequential data learning, with static constraint for frame values, and dynamic constraint for inter-frame value changes. The experiments show that our K-Net gains high performance with a Dice coefficient up to 91.44% and a mean absolute error of the major-axis dimension down to 2.74mm, which reveal its clinical potential.

Estimates of the X(3872) cross section at a hadron collider

The claim that the $X(3872)$ meson cannot be a charm-meson molecule because its prompt production cross section at hadron colliders is too large is based on an upper bound in terms of a cross section for producing charm-meson pairs. Assuming $X$ is sufficiently weakly bound, we derive an equality between the $X$ cross section and a charm-meson pair cross section that takes into account the threshold enhancement from the $X$ resonance. The cross section for producing $X$ is equal to that for producing $D^{*0} \bar{D}^0$ integrated up to a relative momentum $k_\mathrm{max} = 7.7\,\gamma_X$, where $\gamma_X$ is the binding momentum of $X$. We also derive an order-of-magnitude estimate of the $X$ cross section in terms of a naive charm-meson pair cross section that does not take into account the threshold enhancement, such as that produced by a Monte Carlo event generator. The cross section for producing $X$ can be approximated by the naive cross section for producing $D^{*0} \bar{D}^0$ integrated up to a relative momentum $k_\mathrm{max}$ of order $(m_\pi^2 \gamma_X)^{1/3}$. The estimates of the prompt $X$ cross section at hadron colliders are consistent with the cross sections observed at the Tevatron and the LHC.