Painting Process Research Articles

Nash equilibrium as a tool for the Car Sequencing Problem 4.0

This paper introduces a new concept to solve car sequencing problem called the Car Sequencing Problem 4.0, focuses the paint shop. The problem of effective car sequencing in the paint shop is caused by the specifics of the production process itself and the structure of the production line. Sequencing of cars as required by the painting process is justified economically. The main goal is to minimize the number of costly changeovers of the painting guns because of color changes and to synchronize those with periodic cleanings, forced by technological requirements. For this purpose, a buffer located in the paint shop is applied. In this paper a game theoretic framework is presented to analyze the problem. Three games are introduced: Buffer Slot Assignment Game–Buffer-OutShuttle Game called the BSAG-BOSG, In–Out Shuttle Game and its modification called modified In–Out Shuttle Game. Based on the simulations performed the efficiency of the algorithms is verified using several datasets.

Learning robot differential movements using a new educational robotics simulation tool

The study of robotics has become a popular course among many educational programs, especially as a technical elective. A significant part of this course involves having the students learn how to program the movement of a robotic arm by controlling the velocity of its individual joint motors, a topic referred to as joint programming. They must learn how to develop algorithms to move the end effector of the arm by controlling the instantaneous velocity or some similar aspect, of each joint motor. To support this learning activity, physical or virtual robotic arms are typically employed. Visual observation of the movement of the arm provides feedback to the correctness of the student’s joint programming algorithms. A problem arises with supporting the student in learning how to move the robotic arm with precise velocity along some path, a subtopic of joint programming referred to as differential movements. To develop this knowledge, the student must produce and test differential movement algorithms and have the capability to verify its correctness. Regardless of the type of arm used, physical or virtual, the human eye cannot notice the difference between a correct or incorrect movement of the end effector as this will involve noticing small differences in velocities. This study found that by simulating the process of spray painting on a virtual canvas, the correctness of a differential movement algorithm may be accessed by observing the resulting paint on the canvas as opposed to observing the movement of the arm. A model of a set of spray-painting equipment and a canvas was added to an existing virtual robotic arm educational tool and used in an Introduction to Robotics class offered at Florida Gulf Coast University in Spring 2019 and Spring 2020. The class offered in Spring 2019 used the virtual arm but without the spray-painting feature while the class offered in Spring 2020 used the new spray-painting feature that was added to the virtual arm. Exam results show that 59.4% of the students that used the new feature scored at least an 85% on the corresponding differential movements exam question compared to only 5.6% of the class that did not use the added spray-painting feature. The differential movement exam question simply asked the student to produce a differential movements algorithm to move the arm with a specified velocity alone a straight line.

Computer Vision Controlled Automated Paint Sprayer Using Image Processing and Embedded System

The paper presents a smart approach for a real time painting of walls in continuous flow. Image processing in today’s world grabs massive attention as it leads to possibilities of broaden application in many fields of high technology. The camera senses the color of the wall. This information is processed for robot to paint different places. The painting process is based on a 2-phase operative methodology defined as, 1) A self-learning step where the apparatus learns to identify the color of the wall 2) An operative selection process where the painting location is detected and painted using a decisional algorithm. It aims in classifying the walls and its objects based on its color. The robot is programmed to carry the paint gun to the location and paint it. This eliminates the monotonous work done by existing system. It achieves high accuracy and speed. The project involves camera that senses the object and sends the signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller sends signal to the circuit which drives various motors of the robot. Based on the detection the climber moves to the specified location and starts painting. By using Design Thinking approach Empathy was done to identify the difficulties in painting. Following the steps of Design Thinking the proposed method gives the automated paint sprayer using image processing.

Optimization of Surface Preparation and Painting Processes for Railway and Automotive Steel Sheets

The article deals with DIC (Digital Image Correlation) tests on steel plates used in the automotive and railway industries, as well as in the construction industry. The most critical part of DIC tests is the quality of proper surface preparation, painting, and random patterns. The paint mediates the deformation of the optical systems, and its quality is paramount. The authors’ goal in this research is to determine the optimal dye–cleaning–drying time parameters for DIC studies. Commercially available surface preparation and cleaning agents were tested alongside commercially available spray paints. Standard and specific qualification procedures were applied for the measurements. Once the appropriate parameters were determined, the results were validated and qualified by GOM ARAMIS tests. Based on the results, DIC measurements can be performed with higher accuracy and safety in laboratorial and industrial conditions, compared to the traditional deformation measurements executed by dial gauges or linear variable differential transformers.

Study of ‘Cona degli Ordini’ by Colantonio with IR and XRF Analyses

Two paintings by the Neapolitan Renaissance painter Colantonio were studied with two non-invasive techniques to enrich the technical–scientific documentation. Infrared reflectography (IR) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were performed on Saint Jerome in the studio and Saint Francis delivering the Rule, paintings preserved in the Museo e Real Bosco di Capodimonte. The IR scanning was performed to look beyond the visible layers of the paint for the preparatory drawings and pentimenti, or changes made during the painting process. The XRF technique was applied in many points to determine the elemental composition and enable the identification of pigments and materials used in paint and in the preparatory layers. Elemental XRF mapping was also carried out on a region of particular interest. Results provide an initial overview and hypothesis of color palette and techniques used by the artist.

Design and Implementation of Painting and Replacement Automation Robot System in Spindle Line for Smart Manufacturing

In the process of painting the surface of injection products, the spray trajectory and speed are very important and have a very important effect on productivity and quality. However, since it is very difficult to standardize and quantify each product, it was difficult to apply automation to the painting process, so there were many cases where people directly operated it. Recently, with the development of robot technology, many manufacturing processes performed by humans are being replaced. To automate painting in the spindle line of the painting process, we design Painting and Replacement Automation Robot System in Spindle Line. By implementing it in an actual production line, we have greatly improved productivity and reduced paint replacement time.

Painting memory engram by biologically active messengers –The molecular time travel for the search of memory

Using MRI and PET methods, neuroscience has made significant progress in understanding the episodic events of the human brain under varied cognitive situations throughout the last century. However, the higher resolutions of the memory locus, which consists of a neuro-glial ensemble for episodic memory, are unclear and must be clarified. Additionally, attempts have been made to create new nano technologies for mapping complete brains and related engrams with single neuro-glial accuracy and resolution in the hopes of unlocking the secrets of the brain by delving into Brain Activity Map (BAM). This hypothetical research is the first of its kind to suggest a novel method for understanding episodic memory in mouse brains by mapping brain activity at the functional connectome (engram) level and focused on neuro-glia-ECM (Extracellular Matrix). I propose to paint the memory engram at the neuro glia-ECM canvas of the mouse brain by engineering and inserting novel "Biologically Active Messengers: Bidirectional Messengers (BM)s/ Alternative Clones (AC)s and Transcriptional/ Translational Messenger (TM)s" coupled with different colour tags into transgenic mice via Transposon and Recombination, followed by behavioural analysis and Clarity. The BMs will be produced in all neuro-glial cells via a bicistronic promoter (Neuro-glia specific promoter + Tetracycline Responsive Element) led by a tetracycline transactivator gene driven by an immediate early gene (c-Fos/ Arc), whereas the TMs will be expressed via an endogenous promoter. The viability of all constructions (BMs, ACs, and TMs) as well as the process of painting will be tested in cortical/ hippocampal culture by chemically generating long term potentiation (cLTP). Fear consolidation (Fear context and Recall by contextual cue) tests will be administered to adult transgenic mice, followed by Clarity coupled Immunostaining to investigate the neuro-glia-ECM ensemble after whole brain imaging using a Light Sheet Microscope. Finally, the steady state behaviour of normal mice will be compared to the episodic picture of a colourful painted engram. At both the functional connectome and activity levels, this holistic painting method will highlight cognition over multiple timelines of a working memory region. Bidirectional Messenger (Biological Boomerang) has huge implications in neuropsychiatric illness, generation of artificial blood, cancer treatment, and regenerative medicine in the near future, according to my intuition.

How creating art sustained me during the pandemic

ABSTRACT In this paper, I describe how my painting practice restored and sustained a more coherent and vitalized sense of self during the isolation, loneliness and sense of unrealness, dislocation, and lost world order brought about by Covid. I describe how the intersubjective and physical process of painting, and the nonverbal, embodied experience of creating art re-situated me in a world that felt real and allowed me to know and reflect on emotional experiences not available verbally until represented in visual, concrete form. I present a brief clinical example to illustrate how my artistic practice during Covid decisively informed an appreciation of the importance of a co-constructed selfobject experience that recognized how essential a patient’s own affirmed creativity was for enhancing her sense of vitality, agency, and possibility of positive change.

Chung Chen Sun: The Reform Process of Modern Ink Painting

This article reviews Chung Chen Sun's artistic creation process from the 1960s to the present. As the second generation of Nanyang painter, he not only inherited the tradition of the first generation but also made innovations on this basis, integrating Western aesthetics and creating the artistic conception of ink and wash in his style. At the same time, he has also established 5 art academies in Malaysia and China. His art education philosophy has a certain influence and contribution to modern art design education in Malaysia and China. He is known as the "father of modern art education in Malaysia". The research methods used in this article are the literature re method and the visual analysis method. Through the collection of literature, the information about Chung Chen Sun is sorted, his creative style is divided into four major periods, and representative works are selected for visual analysis. Finally, Chung Chen Sun's transformation process of modern ink painting and its artistic characteristics are summarized.

The Dilemma of Fair Use of Artificial Intelligence Painting and Its Regulations

At present, artificial intelligence painting technology is in an era of prosperity and development. The “transformation” of artificial intelligence painting works has brought challenges to the traditional fair use system, and characterization as fair use may lead to an imbalance of interests. It is necessary to re-examine the rationality of qualifying the use of artificial intelligence paintings as fair use. At the same time, analyze the infringement risk in the painting process in combination with the painting principles of artificial intelligence, and put forward some regulatory suggestions.

ESTRATEGIA DE SELECCIÓN DE HARDWARE Y ALGORITMOS DE INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN ENTORNOS 'EDGE COMPUTING'

Currently most of the data collected in companies and industrial manufacturing environments through IoT devices is processed in the cloud [1]. Given the large volume of data that each company manages due to the emergence of IoT, cloud computing is not the best option for certain sectors such as automotive [3]. Within this sector, the quality perceived by the end customer is closely linked to the assembly line. These assembly lines collect a high number of variables (temperatures, pressures, pumps, etc.) and a real-time prediction by means of small digital twins in this process would avoid both material and labor costs. Today, to perform such anticipation through artificial intelligence models in real time is unfeasible due to the latency that exists with cloud processing. Therefore, there is an imminent need to develop applications that are deployed at the edge of the network for the automotive manufacturing and painting process that enable the generation of digital twins. In this regard, the proposal of the 'Edge Computing' concept [2] seeks to mitigate in part this situation. For this reason, this paper has focused not only on demonstrating that splitting the data of a large model by generating small 'Edge' models maintains the predictive capacity of each algorithm, but also stress tests (limits, constraints, etc.) have been performed on the 'Edge Computing' hardware technology currently available on the market that allows generating and processing this type of models. Key Words: Edge Computing, Internet of things, Machine Learning, Industry 4.0

Adsorption Thermal Storage System “Mega stock” by Using Waste Heat

We have developed the open-cycle type adsorbent thermal storage system, so called “Mega Stock”. Based on adsorbent of HAS-Clay, the thermal storage system can utilize the low-temperature waste heat. In the offline heat transportation type, the thermal storage tank charged in the co-generation system was transported by the tractorftrailer and used to heat up water and air in a swimming center. The adsorption heat storage system was evaluated through three kinds of seasons: summer, interphase, and winter. By the tests the regenerating efficiency of 90% or more was confirmed. On the other hand, we performed the demonstration test of the offline heat transportation from the charged thermal storage in the co-generation system to the air handling unit （AHU） of painting process by the tractor. The energy consumption of the cold and hot water used in AHU decreased by dehumidifying the air which flowed into AHU with the thermal storage tank. And, the CO2 reduction effect of 57% was confirmed from the test.

Overview of Artificial Intelligence Painting Development and Some Related Model Application

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in painting has gained significant attention in recent years, promising to revolutionize the digital art world and enhance traditional painting processes. AI painting involves the use of computer algorithms and machine learning techniques to generate and manipulate digital images. This paper provides an overview of current research in AI painting, covering key findings, literature review, and analysis of the field’s current status and future direction. Research has shown that AI algorithms can generate unique digital art forms and automate tasks in traditional painting processes, freeing up time and effort for artists. The field of AI painting holds immense potential and further research and development will likely lead to new and innovative applications. In addition, this technology has a long way to go on the road of commercialization.

Kasem Proverbs as Digital Paintings

This study highlights the role of Visual Art in the preservation of oral culture. Apart from oral transmission of culture, existing literature indicates the constant use of text as the ultimate method used to document, preserve and pass on Kasem proverbs over the years. The goal of the paper was to record and preserve selected Kasem proverbs and taboos by going through digital painting processes. Each painting is titled with their respective proverb theme and has objects peculiar to people from the North of Ghana, where Navrongo is located and this is to indicate the origin of the painted proverbs. Backed by the Nelson’s semantic theory, which says that pictures are perceptually more distinct from one another than word, thus ensuring their chances of retrieval, the outcomes of this study provide readers and viewers of the artworks, the possibility of retention and recall of the proverbs by perceiving digital artworks of some Kasem proverbs. Keywords: Navrongo, Kasem Proverbs, Digital Paintings DOI: 10.7176/ADS/103-2 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Estimation of Material Requirements and Coating Costs in Fiberglass Pilot Boat Hull Reparation

Abstract
 The purpose of painting the ship is to improve the quality of the ship's hull. Superior painting techniques and materials result in a hull that is resistant to seawater and air corrosion, the painting process and procedures related to painting, since almost all of the ship's building materials are metallic finishes. In order for the paint to meet the specified requirements, it must comply with the specified painting process, one of which is the painting process according to Utomo (2019) pre-inspection, surface preparation, paint preparation, and paint application. For that, you need to know the various types of painting techniques that must be prepared before carrying out the hull painting process. Metal is very sensitive to corrosion, because the working area of the ship is near the sea. Repairs to ships are important things that need to be done routinely and need regular planning to ensure that at any time they can sail and operate safely. one of the maintenance of the ship is painting the purpose of painting is to improve the quality of the hull. One good technique with several stages, namely pre-inspection, surface preparation, paint preparation, and paint application can produce a hull that is resistant to damage from seawater and air. the repair process that is needed is coating. To find material requirements and coating costs, use a comparison of 2 local A paint products and international B paint products. Then it can be seen that the total coating requirement for the most economical 12 meter pilot boat is Cat B with a total of 453.15 liters and a cost of 36,692,619.
 Keywords: Coating, and Material Requirements
 
 

Ekspresi Takut Sebagai Ide Penciptaan Karya Seni Lukis

The artist's experience in childhood with bullying and discrimination is the source of the expression of fear depicted in this work. This experience creates fear that makes artists worse off, reluctant to socialize, and withdrawn. This fear is used as an idea in the creation of paintings. The scope of experience is focused on poor social interactions at school. The form of work created uses a representational approach with changes in the form of distortion and transformation in a surreal style. The method of creation used is preparation, namely reflecting on and recalling the disturbing past. The next stage is the design stage, namely, making alternative sketches. The forming stage begins with the process of transferring the sketch to the canvas and ends with the painting process. After completing all these stages, the work is exhibited. The painting was made using the aquarel technique and the plaque technique. The materials used are acrylic paint and canvas. The creation of this work has resulted in five paintings entitled "Complaint," "Confused," "Response," "Self Opera," and "The Past."

Introspeksi Diri Sebagai Ide Penciptaan Karya Seni Lukis

Self-introspection aims to make peace with oneself and improve oneself to improve the quality of life based on thoughts and feelings. This work is very important for the future so that the same mistakes, which lead to regret, are not repeated. The creation of this painting is an expression of having experienced mistakes made by not thinking about things that harm yourself or others. In the expressionist style, work is a representational form that uses the ideas of deformation and distortion. Method execution consists of two stages: planning and implementation. First, at the planning stage remembering bad events that disturb thoughts and feelings. Then proceed with the embodiment process, namely the work process starting from providing materials, installing canvas cloth, making canvas bases, and making background works, followed by the painting process to finishing. Once the work is framed, it is ready to be presented at the exhibition. This work resulted in five paintings: Regret, Me and My Mind, Endless Illusion, Reflecting, and Past Regrets.

Digital Twin for a Collaborative Painting Robot

A collaborative painting robot that can be used as an alternative to workers has been developed using a digital twin framework and its performance was demonstrated experimentally. The digital twin of the automatic painting robot simulates the entire process and estimates the paint result before the real execution. An operator can view the simulated process and result with an option to either confirm or cancel the task. If the task is accepted, the digital twin generates all the parameters, including the end effector trajectory of the robot, the material flow to the collaborative robot, and a spray mechanism. This ability means that the painting process can be practiced in a virtual environment to decrease set costs, waste, and time, all of which are highly demanded in single-item production. In this study, the screen was fixtureless and, thus, a camera was used to capture it in a physical environment, which was further analyzed to determine its pose. The digital twin then builds the screen in real-time in a virtual environment. The communication between the physical and digital twins is bidirectional in this scenario. An operator can design a painting pattern, such as a basic shape and/or letter, along with its size and paint location, in the resulting procedure. The digital twin then generates the simulation and expected painting result using the physical twin's screen pose. The painting results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the painting is less than 1.5 mm and the standard deviation of RMSE is less than 0.85 mm. Additionally, the initial benefits of the technique include lower setup costs, waste, and time, as well as an easy-to-use operating procedure. More benefits are expected from the digital twin framework, such as the ability of the digital twin to (1) find a solution when a fault arises, (2) refine the control or optimize the operation, and (3) plan using historic data.

Pengembangan Seni Lukis Kaca di Desa Nagasepaha Kabupaten Buleleng dalam Mendukung Industri Kreatif

Glass painting is a unique traditional art in Nagasepaha Village, Buleleng, Bali which has been designated as an Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2020. Glass painting in Nagasepaha Village has relatively long historical roots. Pioneered by Jro Dalang Diah in 1927, it continues to be passed down from generation to generation. Glass painting became one of the main sources of people’s livelihoods in Nagasepaha until now. The product of wayang glass painting is in great demand by both domestic and overseas art collectors due to its unique decorative and naturalistic style. However, currently glass painting faces many challenges to simply survive, especially when faced with various problems that resulted from the Covid-19 pandemic when many glass painters then switched professions. The social restrictions imposed by the government also impact the market and the weakening of people’s purchasing power. For this reason, a breakthrough with the right efforts is strongly necessary for glass painting to survive as a traditional art of Nagasepaha Village which has been proven in the past to be able to improve its people economy. The strategy that is considered appropriate for its development is by synergizing two revitalization concepts, namely the concept of diversifying painting techniques accompanied with textual and contextual revitalization. The revitalization of painting process and techniques is to strengthen indigenous skills to be able to apply them to more diverse media. Textual and contextual revitalization is carried out by applying new products that are varied and more adaptive to today’s market tastes.

PAINTING THE WALLS OF AL-IKHLAS MOSQUE IN KAMPUNG WARUNG RT.09 / RW.03, PANYIRAPAN VILLAGE, BAROS DISTRICT, SERANG REGENCY

Painting on walls is the final stage process after sprinkling and plastering on the walls. Painting on the walls functions as beauty in a building. In addition to functioning as an aesthetic beauty, painting on the wall can also be used as wall protection from rain splashes and direct sunlight that can shorten the life of the wall. First prepare the tools and materials used for painting the walls. Supervision is required so that the work or painting is in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works on The Maintenance and Maintenance of Building Buildings No. 24/PRT/M/2008. After the painting process is complete, the painting results need to be evaluated/reviewed to ensure that all parts of the wall are painted neatly and cleanly. If a wall is found with uneven paint, it is necessary to repaint the section until the result is neat and even. Furthermore, if you are sure that all the walls are painted neatly and cleanly, then it is only a matter of time before the paint dries. The type and quality of wall paint used is prioritized for domestic production in accordance with the Joint Decree of the Minister of Trade and Cooperatives, Minister of Industry & Menpen. No. 472/Kop/XII/80, No. 813/Menpen/1980, No. 64/Menpen/1980, December 23, 1980. special methods before painting, one of which is the sanding process on the walls from the remaining cement from the results of sprinkling, so that during the painting process a smooth and even wall surface is obtained