Painting Method Research Articles

Optimization of Surface Cleaning and Painting Methods for DIC Measurements on Automotive and Railway Aluminum Materials

The preparatory operations of DIC (Digital Image Correlation) tests were investigated in this study, with special emphasis on specimen cleaning and painting operations. As it is well known, DIC tests are non-contact and applied in materials research, the analysis of complex structures, and, nowadays, the construction industry. The use of DIC technologies has seen a dynamic increase in all scientific fields. In our study, aluminum body panels for automotive and railway applications were tested using this technique. There are many articles on proper patterning in the literature but fewer on preparation and priming. These are critical for a successful DIC measurement. This paper looks at different surface cleaners and primers with different grading procedures and will also determine the time window within which the paint should be applied. Finally, the GOM ARAMIS system was applied to measure and characterize the painted surface and visible deformation defects resulting from inadequate painting.

Painting memory engram by biologically active messengers –The molecular time travel for the search of memory

Using MRI and PET methods, neuroscience has made significant progress in understanding the episodic events of the human brain under varied cognitive situations throughout the last century. However, the higher resolutions of the memory locus, which consists of a neuro-glial ensemble for episodic memory, are unclear and must be clarified. Additionally, attempts have been made to create new nano technologies for mapping complete brains and related engrams with single neuro-glial accuracy and resolution in the hopes of unlocking the secrets of the brain by delving into Brain Activity Map (BAM). This hypothetical research is the first of its kind to suggest a novel method for understanding episodic memory in mouse brains by mapping brain activity at the functional connectome (engram) level and focused on neuro-glia-ECM (Extracellular Matrix). I propose to paint the memory engram at the neuro glia-ECM canvas of the mouse brain by engineering and inserting novel "Biologically Active Messengers: Bidirectional Messengers (BM)s/ Alternative Clones (AC)s and Transcriptional/ Translational Messenger (TM)s" coupled with different colour tags into transgenic mice via Transposon and Recombination, followed by behavioural analysis and Clarity. The BMs will be produced in all neuro-glial cells via a bicistronic promoter (Neuro-glia specific promoter + Tetracycline Responsive Element) led by a tetracycline transactivator gene driven by an immediate early gene (c-Fos/ Arc), whereas the TMs will be expressed via an endogenous promoter. The viability of all constructions (BMs, ACs, and TMs) as well as the process of painting will be tested in cortical/ hippocampal culture by chemically generating long term potentiation (cLTP). Fear consolidation (Fear context and Recall by contextual cue) tests will be administered to adult transgenic mice, followed by Clarity coupled Immunostaining to investigate the neuro-glia-ECM ensemble after whole brain imaging using a Light Sheet Microscope. Finally, the steady state behaviour of normal mice will be compared to the episodic picture of a colourful painted engram. At both the functional connectome and activity levels, this holistic painting method will highlight cognition over multiple timelines of a working memory region. Bidirectional Messenger (Biological Boomerang) has huge implications in neuropsychiatric illness, generation of artificial blood, cancer treatment, and regenerative medicine in the near future, according to my intuition.

Experimental analysis of shock smoothing design strategy for reducing cavitation erosion aggressiveness

This article presents the experimental analysis of cavitation erosion for two cascade hydrofoil profiles. The aim is to evaluate the change in erosive intensity between a conventional smooth blade surface and one generated by the means of inverse design specifically to reduce cavitation aggressiveness. The applied design strategy consists in imposing a reduced amplitude and gradient at the cavity closure pressure jump in order to bring down the potential energy contained in the vapor sheet. The result is a unique geometry that presents a surface kink located at cavity closure, which successfully smoothes the pressure jump according to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) verification analysis. Here, an experimental rig is constructed and equipped with a pressure sensing system and high-speed imaging to capture the flow field. The measurements for both geometries are first compared against a set of steady-state CFD solutions, which demonstrate the reliability of the inverse design solver for generating targeted flow characteristics in non-cavitating and cavitating conditions. Visual recordings also reveal significant changes in the aspect of the vapor sheet between the two blades indicating a shift in its dynamic behavior. Erosion intensity levels are then measured by paint method at identical conditions. The outcome of the experiment is highly conclusive as a marked reduction in paint erosion is observed for the design geometry. The measured data also serve as a benchmark test for predictive cavitation erosion models by comparing the measured erosion distributions for each blade to those obtained numerically from unsteady CFD.

Calligraphic Techniques in Painting: The Aesthetic Expression and Literary Significance of “Writing” in Ni Zan’s Paintings

The way of “writing” (写) is one of the characteristics of pen-and-ink expression in Chinese literati painting, which is prominently embodied in the aesthetic ideology and the paintings of the Yuan dynasty painter Ni Zan. Ni Zan’s principle and practice of “writing” painting is rooted both in his inheritance of the pen-and-ink traditions of the Song and Yuan literati painters and in the following concepts in the history of painting: “a common origin for Chinese painting and calligraphy,” (书画同源), “a common essence for Chinese painting and calligraphy,” (书画同体) and “a common method for Chinese painting and calligraphy” (书画同法). In Ni Zan’s paintings, he used calligraphic brushwork to capture the romantic charm of the objects, which was a free expression of his true feelings and a means of self-entertainment. At the same time, his painting and calligraphy were influenced by the social trend emphasizing the “integration of literature and art” (文艺相融) in the Yuan Dynasty, resulting in a high degree of internal consistency among pen-and-ink performance, creative approaches and aesthetic style. Consequently, there was a certain degree of inevitability to the introduction of a “writing” style into his paintings. Ni Zan’s calligraphy and painting are intertwined and integrated, presenting the visual characteristics of the same brushwork. The principle of blank space is similar in both calligraphy and painting, and the same common principles apply to ink intensity and a carefree style. More importantly, “writing” (写) in his paintings, as a way of conveying the language of Ni Zan’s pen-and-ink style, also embodies the character of high elegance, which made the pursuit of a written mood in pen-and-ink paintings a common goal of literati paintings throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Color Correction Method of Fine Arts and Traditional Chinese Painting Works Based on Color Space Decomposition

Color Correction Method of Fine Arts and Traditional Chinese Painting Works Based on Color Space Decomposition

Research on the Influence of the Aesthetics of Traditional Chinese Painting on Contemporary Oil Painting Landscape Creation

The aesthetic ideas and expression methods of traditional Chinese landscape painting influence all aspects of contemporary oil painting landscape creation. It not only guides oil painting creators to pay attention to environmental issues, return to nature, and explore cultural connotations, but also reminds oil painting creators to pursue both form and spirit and profound artistic effects while expressing nature. The uniqueness of oil painting creation is highlighted, and the artistic value is enhanced. This article analyzes the aesthetic expression of contemporary oil painting landscape creation and the similarities and differences between traditional Chinese painting and contemporary oil painting landscape painting. Based on refining the aesthetic values in traditional Chinese painting, it studies the impact of traditional Chinese painting aesthetics on contemporary oil painting landscape creation, providing reference for related research.

Quantitative structural proteomics in living cells by covalent protein painting.

The fold and conformation of proteins are key to successful cellular function, but all techniques for protein structure determination are performed in an artificial environment with highly purified proteins. While protein conformations have been solved to atomic resolution and modern protein structure prediction tools rapidly generate near accurate models of proteins, there is an unmet need to uncover the conformations of proteins in living cells. Here, we describe Covalent Protein Painting (CPP), a simple and fast method to infer structural information on protein conformation in cells with a quantitative protein footprinting technology. CPP monitors the conformational landscape of the 3D proteome in cells with high sensitivity and throughput. A key advantage of CPP is its' ability to quantitatively compare the 3D proteomes between different experimental conditions and to discover significant changes in the protein conformations. We detail how to perform a successful CPP experiment, the factors to consider before performing the experiment, and how to interpret the results.

Ablation behavior and mechanisms of ZrC-SiC-MoSi2 coated C/C-SiC-ZrC ceramic matrix composites under oxyacetylene torch

To further improve the anti-ablation property of C/C composites in different ablation environments, ZrC−SiC−MoSi2 coatings containing 34 wt.% and 60 wt.% Zr were prepared on C/C−SiC−ZrC ceramic matrix composites via slurry painting (SP) method. And the ablation behavior of the coated composites was investigated in oxyacetylene torch environment with three kinds of fluxes of oxygen and acetylene. The results show that with the increase of Zr content, the particle sizes of ZrC and SiC in the coatings are significantly reduced, with the particles distributing more homogeneously. The linear ablation rates of the coatings with 60 wt.% Zr increase with the increase of oxygen and acetylene fluxes, while for the coatings with 34 wt.% Zr, the linear ablation rates increase at the beginning and then decrease. The ablation mechanisms of the coatings under different conditions were discussed as well. With the increase of oxygen and acetylene fluxes, main ablation mechanisms change from oxidation to oxidation plus evaporation and then to the combination of oxidation, evaporation and denudation.

Optical microscopy and SEM-EDS on wall-painting fragments from the St. George’s cathedral at Novgorod

This paper presents the latest data obtained from the analyses of fragments of Russian-Byzantine wall paintings recovered from the architectural excavations carried out in the church of St. George in the Yuriev Princely Monastery built in 1119 at Veliky Novgorod, one of the oldest cities in Russia and UNESCO World site. In the last 7 years the archaeologists of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow excavated the 12th century layers and extracted a large number of wall-paintings fragments, which are extremely important for the reconstruction of the history of Novgorod and for the study of Russian-Byzantine art in general. The pigments employed for the paintings and the painting techniques, together with color layers, substrates and mortars, have been studied and analyzed in the last two years in the Laboratory of the Architectural Archaeology and Multidisciplinary Methods for Architectural Research, Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The employed analytical methods were optical microscopy (OM), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS). OM permits to distinguish the superficial painting method, the inclusions in the mortars, the intonaco and intonachino layers and the various substrates. XRF was applied for a first screening of the fragments and for the first pigment identification. The samples of painted mortar were then mounted in epoxy resin and polished for the analysis with SEM-EDS. The analytical data we possessed up to now indicate a very classical Byzantine technique with the use of expensive pigments such as lazurite and cinnabar, but also green earth, various types of ochres and mixtures of pigments. Special care was taken for the identification of the substrates.

Тристадийният живописен метод на старите майстори

The text traces the three stages of the old masters’ painting method, demonstrating how they achieve an incredibly rich colouring despite their poor palette. And if their colour compositions are built on the principle of harmony through a smooth transition from one range to another, then, in modern painting, colour combinations are built on contrast.

The author’s method of painting dialogues as an example of action research. Report of a project carried out with students at the University of Gdansk

As it is widely known, through art we can pour our emotions onto paper, we can paint our fear, our sense of loss, emptiness, suffering, lack. Viewing paintings or creating them has a self reflective and self therapeutic dimension. In a sense, because we are creative beings, our lives can become a work of art. We just must take a brush or pen in our hand and start creating. This is the essence of life the release of creation that can give us a sense of power or emotional stability. In this article I describe the author’s method of painting dialogues that I created in 2016. Initially, the project involved working with Gdansk artists, but over time, in my pedagogical practice, I have noticed that it also has a developing, therapeutic and creative impact on groups such as tutors, university teachers, early childhood education teachers, kindergarten teachers, parents, but also pre school, early childhood and children with disabilities (e.g., autism). In this article, I will present the method of painting dialogues implemented as an action research with pedagogy students of the University of Gdansk (a group of twenty five people, both women and men) in 2021–2022.

Data-driven optimal sensor placement for high-dimensional system using annealing machine

We propose a novel method for solving optimal sensor placement problem for high-dimensional system using an annealing machine. The sensor points are calculated as a maximum clique problem of the graph, the edge weight of which is determined by the proper orthogonal decomposition mode obtained from data based on the fact that a high-dimensional system usually has a low-dimensional representation. Since the maximum clique problem is equivalent to the independent set problem of the complement graph, the independent set problem is solved using Fujitsu Digital Annealer. In contrast to existing greedy methods, which select the optimal point at each step and never reconsider the point selected previously, the proposed method is superior because it is able to find the optimal set of points. As a demonstration of high dimensional system, the pressure distribution measured by the pressure-sensitive paint method, which is an optical flow diagnose method, is reconstructed from the pressure data at the calculated sensor points. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) between the pressures measured by pressure transducers and the pressures reconstructed from the proposed method, an existing greedy method, and random selection method are compared. The similar RMSE is achieved by the proposed method using approximately 1/5 number of sensor points calculated by the existing method. This method is of great importance as a novel approach for optimal sensor placement problem and a new engineering application of an annealing machine.

«Божией милостью» и «общим иждивением»: иконографическая программа и стиль заказных икон калужского купца М.А. Макарова

The article is devoted to two unique icons commissioned by the Kaluga merchant Mikhail Makarov to commemorate the water pipe with a fountain built with his efforts in Kaluga. The first icon was executed in 1829 and solemnly installed in the City Duma of Kaluga. In 1837, M. Makarov ordered to paint its copy, which was kept in the family of his descendants until 1937. Unfortunately, only the last icon has survived and is now reposited in the State Museum of the History of Religion (St. Petersburg). The iconographic analysis and historical evidence of veneration of the lost original allow establishing the intent of the customer. The composition of the icons has no direct protographs, although some icon pieces influenced its formation (for example, Marian iconography of “Joy of all Who Sorrow” and “The Life-Giving Spring”). The non-typical iconographic idea of the customer forced the icon painter to resort to a set of artistic means unusual for icon painting. On the one hand, the masterpiece demonstrates the traditional methods of Kaluga icon painting of the late Nicholas I Empire era, but on the other hand, the influence of the provincial pictorial primitive is clearly noticeable. The icon executed by the merchant Makarov’s order in 1837 is a unique artwork in terms of its iconographic program and artistic performance. Due to the reliable date of creation and the confirmed Kaluga origin, the icon from the State Museum of the History of Religion occupies an important place in the history of Kaluga icon painting.

Protein painting reveals pervasive remodeling of conserved proteostasis machinery in response to pharmacological stimuli

The correct spatio-temporal organization of the proteome is essential for cellular homeostasis. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of this organization and how it is altered in response to external stimuli in the intact cellular environment is as-yet unrealized. ‘Protein painting methods provide a means to address this gap in knowledge by monitoring the conformational status of proteins within cells at the proteome-wide scale. Here, we demonstrate the ability of a protein painting method employing tetraphenylethene maleimide (TPE-MI) to reveal proteome network remodeling in whole cells in response to a cohort of commonly used pharmacological stimuli of varying specificity. We report specific, albeit heterogeneous, responses to individual stimuli that coalesce on a conserved set of core cellular machineries. This work expands our understanding of proteome conformational remodeling in response to cellular stimuli, and provides a blueprint for assessing how these conformational changes may contribute to disorders characterized by proteostasis imbalance.

A Puzzle in a Paintbox: A Painter’s Solution to Ferdinand Bauer’s Colour Code for the Flora and Fauna Graeca 1786–1794

Abstract The numeric colour codes used by the natural history painter Ferdinand Bauer (1760–1826) have remained resistant to interpretation. However, a practical approach, and an appreciation of historical painting methods and materials, have led to a solution to the code he devised for the Flora and Fauna Graeca. It is suggested that Bauer related the process of viewing, identifying, and conceptualising qualities of colours to the intrinsic properties of his pigments, and their sequence in his paintbox; also that his codes provided directions as to their moderation and mode of use. This study proposes that rather than being a mechanical reference system, Bauer’s code was a flexible mnemonic, reaching into the heart of artistic process.

Augmented cooling performance in gas turbine blade tip with slot cooling

The blade tip is one of the most susceptible parts of gas turbine blade due to the thermally induced failure caused by a hot gas tip leakage flow through tip clearance. A highly sophisticated and efficient blade tip cooling scheme plays a crucial role in reliable operation of a gas turbine blade. In the present study, we adopted a special slot cooling scheme in turbine blade tip. The film cooling effectiveness (FCE) and flow characteristics of turbine blade tip were investigated according to the cooling flow through the slot gap in blade tip rim. A linear cascade was fabricated to measure and evaluate the cooling performance of the blade tip with the film cooling through a slotted rim versus the blade tip with cooling holes. The local FCE values of the blade tip floor and rim upper surface were measured using the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) method. The Reynolds number based on the axial chord length and the inlet velocity in the experiment was set at 192,000. The tip clearance was varied from 1 to 3% of the blade span and the coolant mass flow rate ranged from 0.3 to 0.7% of the main flow. The slot cooling in the blade tip, which can be incorporated through an additive manufacturing, showed highly enhanced cooling performance ranging from 53 to 116% compared to that of the blade tip with film cooling holes for various tip gaps and coolant mass flow rates. The slot cooling in the blade tip is expected to improve the thermal durability and reliability of blade tip with better coolant coverage and additional convective cooling through the internal cooling passage in the narrow squealer rim.

The Philosophical Fusion of the Primitive Aesthetics of Chinese and Western Religious Paintings and the Study of Contemporary Paintings

When art develops to a certain extent, it is bound to be mixed with traces of religion, and art influenced by religion occupies an important position in the entire history of art development. Looking at the development history of Chinese and Western painting art, we can find that there are indeed many connections between religion and art. The spiritual transmission of religion is carried out using intuition through painting art, and its vital role is reflected in the long history of human civilization. This paper studies the relationship between the philosophical fusion of the original aesthetics of Chinese and Western religious painting and contemporary painting by studying the development and characteristics of religious painting in China and the West. This paper studies the differences between Chinese and Western religious doctrines and how religious figure painting embodies divinity and secularized humanity in terms of painting methods and forms of expression. The study of the philosophical fusion of the original aesthetics of Chinese and Western religious paintings and its influence on contemporary paintings fills the gap in this aspect.

Perbandingan Berbagai Metode Pengecatan Spora pada Bacillus Cereus

Endospores are formed by members of several genera of gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus and Clostridium. The spores are very resistant structurally; withstand the temperature of boiling water for two hours or more. They contain very little water and show very few chemical reactions. The favorable external environment will cause the spores to break down and the vegetative cells to appear to grow and reproduce. Identification of endospore-forming pathogens is important in food and medical microbiology. However, the spores contain multiple protective layers, which cannot be easily penetrated by simple staining or Gram staining techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to apply heat to help penetrate the color, with various methods of Gram stain, fluorescent spore painting, Schaeffer and Fulton spore painting and Client's spore painting method. The results of the fluorescent painting method have better results but require much more expensive equipment using a fluorescent microscope considering the facilities that must be provided for the Schaeffer and Fulton painting method as an alternative if they do not have these facilities.

Application of Local Color Simulation Method of Landscape Painting Based on Deep Learning Generative Adversarial Networks

The traditional computer simulation landscape painting has the defect that it cannot completely present the painting, the application research of local color simulation method of landscape painting based on deep learning adversarial networks is proposed. Based on the improved generative adversarial networks design, the semantic label hierarchical classification design of landscape paintings is carried out. Through the training and design of generative adversarial networks, the generator and discriminator of landscape painting are designed, and the semantic segmentation algorithm of landscape painting of generative adversarial networks is proposed. Finally, a simulation experiment test is carried out on the local color simulation of landscape painting. The results show that this application method is better than the traditional computer simulation method, it can fully reflect the realism of landscape art painting and the integrity of the picture itself. The texture detail clarity of the generated map is stronger than that of the traditional one, and the semantic content is more accurate. It has important practical reference value.

Moscow's Outreach to Hanoi: Artistic Ties between the Soviet Union and Vietnam

In the 1960s through the 1970s, and afterwards, a number of Vietnamese artists travelled to the Soviet Union to study at prestigious Soviet art and film academies. While Vietnamese artists did not develop a considerable body of work that can match the grandiose works of socialist realism under Josef Stalin, some artists did work in a socialist realist style that merged academic oil painting styles with local themes. This essay examines the work of Vũ Duy Nghı̃a (1935–2022), Lê Huy Tiếp (b. 1950) and Đào Châu Hải (b. 1955), who studied in the Soviet Union during this period and integrated various painting methods, styles and techniques into their art works. The legacy of Soviet–Vietnam relations is a still largely understudied field. While archival sources are difficult to access, the essay relies on interviews with two of the living artists. It looks into the significance of studying in the Soviet Union for these art workers, and assesses the impact that it had on the development of Vietnamese culture overall.