Paint Chips Research Articles

Filter Clogging Data Collection for Prognostics

Filtration is a critical process in many industrial systems to obtain the desired level of purification for liquids or gas. Air, fuel, and oil filters are the most common examples in industrial systems. Filter clogging is the main failure mode leading to filter replacement or undesired outcomes such as reduced performance and efficiency or cascading failures. For example, contaminants in fuel (e.g. rust particles, paint chips, dirt involved into fuel while tank is filling, tank moisture rust) may lead to performance reduction in the engine and rapid wear in the pump. Prognostics has potential to avoid cost and increase safety when applied to filters. One of the main challenges of prognostics is the lack of failure degradation data obtained from industrial systems. This paper presents the process of design and building of an experimental rig to obtain prognostics data for filter clogging mechanism and data obtained from the rig. Two types of filters have been used during the accelerated filter clogging and 23 run-to-failure data have been collected. Flow rate and pressure sensors are used for condition monitoring purposes. The filter clogging has been recorded through a camera to evaluate the findings with pressure and flow sensors. The data collected is very promising for development of prognostics methodologies.

Application of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in paint trace examination.

Raman spectroscopy has proved to be a promising technique in forensic examinations, where optical microscopy, micro-infrared spectroscopy, and microspectrophotometry in the visible and UV range are used for identification and differentiation between paint traces. Often no organic pigments are detected using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, because their content in a trace is usually undetectable. Application of a micro-Raman spectrometer equipped with several excitation lasers helps forensic experts in paint analysis enabling identification of main pigments. Three cases concerning comparative examination of car paint are discussed in detail. The comparison of Raman spectra of paint chips found on clothing of a victim or smears found on body of a damaged car to these of paint chips originated from the suspected car enabled us to identify the car involved in the accident. When no comparative material is available, the method can be useful in establishing the color and make of the car.

Comparing the Color of Forensic Traces

Microspectrometry in the visible range is routinely applied in comparative examination of criminalistic traces such as paint chips, single fibers, and inks on questioned documents. It makes it possible to analyze a very small amount of sample and provides objective information about its color as well as helping to distinguish samples of similar colors. Measurements of Vis spectra are performed both in transmittance and reflectance mode, depending on the kind of traces. Application of the CIELab color system enables us to define color precisely and make use of color databases.

Lead contamination in French children's homes and environment

Lead in homes is a well-known source of childhood lead exposure, which is still of concern due to the health effects of low lead doses.This study aims to describe lead contamination in the homes of children aged 6 months to 6 years in France (without overseas).Between October 2008 and August 2009, 484 housing units were investigated. Lead in tap water and total and leachable lead levels from floor dust, outdoor soils and paint chips were measured. X-ray fluorescence measurements were carried out on non-metallic and metallic substrates. Nationwide results are provided.The indoor floor dust lead (PbD) geometric mean (GM) was 8.8μg/m² (0.8μg/ft²) and 6.8μg/m² (0.6μg/ft²) for total and leachable lead respectively; 0.21% of homes had an indoor PbD loading above 430.5μg/m² (40μg/ft²). The outdoor play area concentration GM was 33.5mg/kg and 21.7mg/kg in total and leachable lead respectively; 1.4% of concentrations were higher than or equal to 400mg/kg. Outdoor floor PbD GM was 44.4μg/m² (4.1μg/ft²) that was approximately 3.2 times higher than the GM of indoor PbD. Lead-based paint (LBP) was present in 25% of dwellings, LBP on only non-metallic substrates was present in 19% of homes and on metallic substrates in 10% of dwellings. The GM of lead concentrations in tap water was below 1μg/L; 58% of concentrations were lower than 1μg/L and 2.9% were higher than or equal to 10μg/L. The age cut-off for homes with lead would be 1974 for paint and 1993 for indoor floor dust.This study provides, for the first time, a look at the state of lead contamination to which children are exposed in French housing. Moreover, it provides policy makers an estimate of the number of French dwellings sheltering children where abatement should be conducted.

The Girl with No Nightmares

The Girl with No Nightmares Gary Dop (bio) Creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status. —Sir Ken Robinson So the girl they've been protecting, the onethey've kept at the clean brick house on the hillsurrounded by the scenic pine trees to the west,the pristine green fields with no power lines to the south and east, and Crystal Laketo the north, she's changed. They didn'ttell her about the war, the sick kidsin the village, or the price of the air purifier, her tutors, and the radiated food.Everyone wears gloves. They keep conflictaway. It's expensive to make the foodhealthy and taste like she likes, to bend light so it's a hot day when she wants the sun,to find a plot for a new, fun story without fearand dragons. She believed everythingabout their world and never heard the shears at night clipping the silent lawn or her split ends.But last week, she woke shaking and screaming,screaming about angels. She doesn't knowdemons or devils or the way paint chips from walls. To her white room, they rushedcalmly with the hushed clownsand the happy juice, but she screamed, bitthe makeup face, and invented words. She screamed [End Page 78] until the doctor pilled her and listened to howthe angels quit singing. The angels quit singing?he asked. Not yet, but they will, she trembled,tapping her curly-haired head against the wainscoting. Darling, there's no conflict in the world—the angelswill always sing. He inflicted a smile. No, no, she said,Ten thousand years from now on a Tuesday, they'll quitsinging for a while, less than a second, a blink, half a blink, no singing. There will be no singing,and I think I'll go far away from this dreamyou've locked me inside. With that, she cried,and clinging to her sides, she fell asleep and hasn't woken. No, no, I'm joking, I lied. She's eating well, playingwell, thinking their happy thoughts, and she has no ideathe angels will quit singing. Gary Dop Gary Dop's work has appeared recently in New Letters, Rattle, Agni, and elsewhere. He received a special mention in the 2011 Pushcart Prize Anthology and lives with his family in Minneapolis. Copyright © 2012 University of Nebraska Press

Protecting Children From Toxicants

Protecting Children From Toxicants

Blood Lead Levels and Risk Factors in a Low-Income Latino Population in Seattle, WA USA

Background and Aims This study determined blood lead levels (BLLs) and predictors in a low-income urban Latino pediatric population in the northwestern United States (Seattle, WA). Surveillance for lead exposure is historically rare in this region. Methods Study subjects comprised a cross-sectional sample of 278 children ages 1 to 6 years attending a clinic serving largely Mexican American and Central American immigrant families. An interviewer administered questionnaire was conducted with the child’s caregiver. Measurement of BLL was done using an ESA Lead Care II analyzer. Comparison to national data and multivariate analysis of known and suspected risk factors was performed. Results The geometric mean BLL was 1.43 ug/dL (95% CI: 1.13, 1.79). For comparison, nationally representative data from 2007-2008 estimated the geometric mean BLL for children under age 6 years was 1.51 mcg/dL (95% CI: 1.37, 1.66). Most (252, 91%) had a BLL lower than the Lead Care II limit of detection, 3.3 µg/dL. Two children’s (0.7%) BLL was higher than 5 µg/dL. None were above 10 µg/dL. The most informative predictor of detectable BLL included nationality other than the US or Mexico (OR=16.1; 95% CI: 1.6, 220.7), living in homes built before 1950 (OR=5.1; 95% CI: 1.4, 16.9) and observed to put paint chips in the mouth (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 11.2). Culturally specific risk factors such as ingesting Mexican candies, use of home remedies, and use of ceramic or clay food receptacles were not associated with elevated risk of a detectable BLL. Conclusions Lead exposure in this urban Latino population appeared comparable to observations in other U.S. children. Sample size and power to fully investigate exposure risk factors was a limitation. These preliminary data support targeted screening based on lead based paint and immigration status as conducted in other pediatric U.S. populations.

Forensic examination of multilayer white paint by lateral scanning Raman spectroscopy

AbstractMultilayer samples of white architectural paint potentially have very high evidential value in forensic casework, because the probability that two unrelated samples will have the same sequence of layers is extremely low. However, discrimination between the different layers using optical microscopy is often difficult or impossible. Here, lateral scanning Raman spectroscopy has been used to chemically map the cross‐sections of multilayer white paint chips. It was found that the spectra did allow the different layers to be delineated on the basis of their spectral features. The boundaries between different layers were not as sharp as expected, with transitions occurring over length scales of > 20 µm, even with laser spot diameters < 4 µm. However, the blurring of the boundaries was not so large as to prevent recording and identification of spectra from each of the layers in the samples. This method clearly provides excellent discrimination between different multilayer white paint samples and can readily be incorporated into existing procedures for examination of paint transfer evidence. © 2011 Crown copyright.

Marine Sponges, Other Animal Food, and Nonfood Items Found in Digestive Tracts of the Herbivorous Marine Turtle Chelonia mydas in Hawai'i

Although the usual diet of Chelonia mydas comes from algae and sea grasses (plant material), animal material has been found in samples taken over the past 35 yr. The small black-brown protein sponge Chondrosia chucalla resembles the alga Codium arabicum in size, color, and texture, and both grow next to each other on the reefs. We hypothesize that turtles are actively seeking and eating these sponges and not mistaking them for C. arabicum. Both protein and silica sponges occur in the diet of Chelonia, but only 6.8% of the time are eaten in addition to their usual plant diet. Thirty different kinds of other animals were found in the samples, including Cnidaria, Mollusca, Crustacea, Insecta, Echinodermata, squid, fish, tumor flesh, and other animals but in low frequency (5%). Most of the miscellaneous nonfood debris items were terrestrial leaves, plastic, paper, string, fibers, hair, and paint chips but also in low frequency (<7%). Among animal food items known to have nutritional value, the protein sponge C. chucalla could be contributing an important nutritive factor, but this needs further research.

LOCAs with release of insulation material: generic aspects and international solutions

Abstract In case of a LOCA within the containment the released water/steam jet can fragment insulation material from the leaking pipe and from pipes in the neighborhood. The released insulation material and other materials like e.g. dust and paint chips are washed into the sump. A part of this debris reaches the sump strainers after starting ECCS pumps. Some material will be retained by the strainers depending on the mesh size or hole diameter of the strainers. The residual material penetrates the strainers and reaches downstream components and especially fuel elements. Therefore it has to be demonstrated that fuel elements are sufficiently cooled after LOCAs with release of insulation material and other materials. Several events since 1992 have shown the possibility of strainer clogging. This article discusses generic aspects and some international approaches to sump clogging issue and related tasks. An overview of the status quo and comparison of different approaches and background is given.

A SEM-EDS Study of Cultural Heritage Objects with Interpretation of Constituents and Their Distribution Using PARC Data Analysis

Two cultural heritage objects studied with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are presented in this article: (1) archeological iron present in a soil sample and (2) a chip from a purple-colored area of an undisclosed 17th century painting. Novel PARC software was used to interpret the data in terms of quantitative distribution of mineral and organo-mineral phases as well as their chemical composition. The study serves to demonstrate the power of PARC rather than solving specific archeological issues. The observations on archeological iron potentially can assist in (1) studing the source of iron-metal and the style of forging, (2) learning about alteration processes of artifacts in the particular soil from which the sample originated, and (3) determining the nature of the fractures in the Fe-oxide envelope (desiccation of the sample after excavation, or as primary feature caused by volume change from oxidation). In the paint chip, 11 consecutive layers can be distinguished using the PARC software. In general, each layer consists of a carrier supporting inorganic fragments. In the basal layer the fragments are dominant; in the superimposed layers the carrier usually is. Both organic and inorganic carriers appear to be present. Organic carriers can contain typically inorganic constituents (e.g., Pb, Al), beyond the chemical spatial resolution of EDS (i.e., <1 μm).

Sequential digestion for measuring leachable and total lead in the same sample of dust or paint chips by ICP-MS

House lead exposure is generally assessed using total lead, except in France, where acid-leachable lead is used for routine regulatory purposes. In order to allow an international comparison of French lead dust contamination, a sequential digestion protocol is developed to determine both leachable and total lead on the same sample with a two-step digestion stage: firstly, hydrochloric acid is added to the sample at 37°C to solubilize leachable lead; then nitric acid is added to an aliquot at 95°C to solubilize residual (i.e., non-leachable) lead. Both sample fractions are analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sum of the two fractions allows to determine total lead. This new protocol has been tested with wiped dust (n = 111) and paint chip (n = 46) samples collected in houses (n = 16). The leachability of lead ranged from 63 to 100% in dust and from 4 to 100% in paint. These findings confirm the strong variability of lead leachability in houses samples and thus the importance of considering it for lead poisoning prevention. This double determination of leachable and total lead for each wiped dust or paint sample appears to be a reproducible, simple, low-cost protocol and thus a useful tool for international comparison of house dust lead contamination.

Status of lead present in ground drinking water samples of Uttarakhand (Garhwal Region) in India

Lead is a naturally occurring metal found deep in the ground. It occurs in small amounts in ore, along with other elements such as silver, zinc, or copper. Even though it is found in small amounts, there is an abundant supply of lead throughout the earth. Because it is widespread, and easy to extract and work with, lead was used for hundreds of years in a wide variety of products found in and around homes, including paint and gasoline. Lead can get into our body in two ways — through breathing it in or by eating it. For example, lead can enter the body through eating or inhaling paint dust or chips. The soil, drinkable ground water around our home can pick up lead from sources such as exterior paint. Lead can also enter in drinking water through our plumbing. In drinking ground water samples of uttarakhand (garhwal region) the level of lead was estimated through ICP mass spectroscopy. The presences of lead in ground drinking water samples of uttarakhand were high as compared to BIS desirable and permissible limits. Both children and adults are vulnerable to the effects of lead. Young children under the age of 5 are particularly vulnerable, because their body, brain, and metabolism are still developing. Two-year-olds tend to have the highest blood level concentration, because they put many things into their mouth, including toys or other products that may contain lead. On the basis of present study we observed that due to the excess quantity of Pb, and others heavy metals in uttarkhand India, the human beings of that region are suffering with various diseases like gastrointestinal, speech disorder, Irritability aggressive behaviors temper tantrums, Sleep difficulties/ disturbances, Anorexia symptoms reflecting eating disorders loss of appetite/weight, behavior, Speech and Language Deficits, Cognitive Impairments and thyroid diseases etc.

Notes from Cuba: the importance of primary care.

Notes from Cuba: the importance of primary care.

Russian avant‐garde… or not? A micro‐Raman spectroscopy study of six paintings attributed to Liubov Popova

AbstractRussian avant‐garde is an artistic trend that flourished in Russia from approximately 1900 to 1935. Many artists of the Russian avant‐garde—Malevich, Kandinsky, Rodchenko, Popova—became world‐famous figures. With the onset of Perestroika, Russian avant‐garde art became very popular in the West. The demand was high, prices zoomed and soon the market was flooded by forgeries. A full authentication study of a work of art, including the opinion of an expert, tracing back the provenance of the object and technical analyses, is a labour‐intensive and time‐consuming task normally reserved only for expensive masterpieces. Yet they are not the only ones to be forged. Clearly, an approach is necessary that can quickly and at a relatively low cost distinguish a copy from an original. Raman spectroscopy was evaluated as a tool for identifying pigments of chronological inconsistency (pigment anachronisms) by analysing six paintings attributed to Liubov Popova, one of the most prominent figures of the Russian avant‐garde. The high spatial resolution, the pronounced sensitivity towards synthetic organic pigments and the negligible contribution of the binding media added to the successful identification of the pigments in tiny paint chips taken from the six paintings. Based on the results of especially the synthetic organic pigments identified, the Terminus post quem date could be given, the earliest point in time when the paintings could have been made. Composite spectra, to which several inorganic and/or synthetic organic pigments contribute, could be unravelled making use of dedicated digital libraries. These anachronism studies allowed us to conclude that none of the works could be attributed to Liubov Popova. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Encephalopathy From Lead Poisoning Masquerading as a Flu-Like Syndrome in an Autistic Child

Acute encephalopathy from childhood lead poisoning is fortunately rare. However, in pediatric patients with developmental disabilities and pica, there is a risk of lead exposure at a dose commensurate with encephalopathy, coupled with a risk of delayed diagnosis because of difficulty in distinguishing between baseline and altered behavior. We report here a 4-year old autistic boy who presented to the pediatrician's office with gastrointestinal symptoms and behavioral changes and was at first thought to have a viral syndrome. He returned 2 days later with a worsening illness; increasing pallor, vomiting, abdominal colic, and changes in consciousness were recognized in the emergency department as lead-induced anemia and encephalopathy, associated with a positive abdominal film for paint chips and a blood lead level equal to 216 microg/dL (10.43 micromol/L) (reference, <10 microg/dL or 0.483 micromol/L). As this case illustrates, prompt recognition is dependent on the skills and suspicions of an astute clinician, especially in the busy emergency department.

Identifying Sources of Lead Exposure for Children, with Lead Concentrations and Isotope Ratios

Despite a dramatic decrease in children's blood lead levels (BLL), lead exposure remains a public health concern because increasing evidence shows effects at very low doses. Lowering BLL still further requires the identification of lead sources and, therefore, new tools to investigate and thus prevent exposure. We describe a procedure that uses both lead concentrations and isotope ratios (IRs) to identify sources of overexposure in homes. Water, dust, and paint chips were sampled from the homes of 21 children with elevated BLL from Aubervilliers (Paris metropolitan area). Lead concentrations of concern were calculated from reverse physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for water and dust. Isotope ratio matching of blood and environmental samples (with a lead content above the concentration of concern) was performed by computation of the distance between their IRs. When the IR of the source did not match that of the blood, the source was eliminated as a source of lead intoxication. The number of sources eliminated (per child) due to lead concentration ranged from 14% to 86% (mean 66%) for dust, and 100% for water samples. The number of remaining potential sources eliminated by IR interpretation varied from 0% to 100% for both dust and paint chips (mean 63% and 58%, respectively). IRs made it possible to eliminate at least one source in 20 of 21 cases and identified a single source in 11 of 21. The number of dust and paint sources not eliminated by concentration or IR varied from 8% to 45% (median 18%). The pilot study supports the usefulness of these procedures and the added value of IRs for identifying sources of lead poisoning. However, systematic use should be supported by cost-effectiveness analysis on a larger and more representative population of elevated BLL.

Review: The Great Lead Water Pipe Disaster

Review: The Great Lead Water Pipe Disaster By Werner Troesken Reviewed by Daniel E. Karalus Northern Arizona University, USA Troesken, Werner. The Great Lead Water Pipe Disaster. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. 318pp. ISBN 0262201674. US$29.95, paper. Alkaline paper. Lead poisoning usually conjures images of infants eating paint chips, miners pulling metal out of the earth, or old automobiles running on leaded gasoline. In The Great Lead Water Pipe Disaster, Werner Troesken details another source of lead poisoning: lead pipes in city water systems. He highlights the adverse health effects of lead pipes as well as the diverse circumstances that led to their use, showing how water chemistry, law, ideology, and economics played a role in the impacts lead pipes had in cities across the United States and abroad. Looking back as far as the 1840s, Troesken provides colorful examples of the consequences of lead pipe usage in municipal water supplies. He shows how they helped cause deaths, contributed to miscarriages, and produced eclampsia. In one fascinating and frightening section, Troesken illustrates that lead levels in many city water systems were on par with lead abortifacient pills women consumed to induce abortion. Looking at old data with new statistical techniques, he estimates that in places like Boston, Cape Town, and Glasgow the lead level was up to 150 times higher than the current limit set by the United States’ Environmental Protection Agency. The combination of statistics and historical evidence makes the harmful and global effects of lead water pipes hard to disregard. Not content to simply describe the negative health effects of lead water pipes, Troesken also shows why municipalities continued to use them. Symptoms of lead poisoning from water pipes often mimicked infectious diseases, befuddling doctors. Despite wreaking havoc on infants and pregnant women, the average adult showed signs of lead exposure slowly, making the source of lead poisoning difficult to detect. Economics and chemistry were also factors. Troesken ironically notes that lead was cheapest and most prevalently used in places where water was more corrosive, creating a higher lead content. Lead combined with slow science, finances, and nature to produce numerous deaths and illnesses. Social factors also contributed to the lead water pipe disaster. Troesken says cities were reluctant to replace lead pipes because of cost, but also to keep public utilities out of private hands and maintain power. Additionally, laws placed the onus of lead poisoning on individuals and not water suppliers. Mix in the difficulty scientists had tracing lead poisoning to city water systems and there was little political or economic pressure to rectify the problem. Troesken’s stories about the efforts of doctors, like Erasmus Fenner in the 1850s and Norman Porritt at the turn of the twentieth century, shows that there was an awareness of lead pipes’ dangers, but those dangers remained concealed or ignored until science and law evolved and made evidence too difficult to ignore. Troesken is at his best when weaving together historical examples and statistics to describe the health problems and factors associated with lead water pipes. Charts or data often follow personal anecdotes of lead’s harmful health effects in each chapter. Geographers and scientists will relish the tables and graphs scattered through the narrative and packed in the book’s three appendices. Yet by mixing in stories of seemingly prescient doctors and individuals with grotesque health problems, The Great Lead Water Pipe Disaster should also appeal to urban and environmental historians as well as a broader audience interested in human health or urban infrastructure. Sometimes the details, technical terms, and chronology are hard to keep straight, but that is less a drawback than a credit to the depth of Troesken’s research. He adds a new dimension to urban history, one that shows the complexity between the human, built, and natural landscapes. Daniel E. Karalus, MA. , PhD Student, Department of History, PO Box 6023, Building 18/Room 211, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff AZ 86011, USA. TEL: 1-928-523-4378. Electronic Green Journal, Issue 29, Winter 2009, ISSN:1076-7975

The Power of the Past

This article discusses how some young engineers, fabricators, machinists, artists, and plumbers are helping revive old steam engines for art and archaeology's sake. The volunteers at Kinetic Steam Works labor to recondition steam engines that will power kinetic artistic installations. Since its inception, the collective has restored a steamship and sent it down the Hudson River as part of an artistic excursion. It has created and demonstrated a Baker fan—originally used to test the horsepower that a steam engine generated. Similarly, William Gould, a design consultant in San Diego is also trying to revive old steam engines. With help from original blueprints and SolidWorks computer-aided design software, he has detailed an 1879 Mason Bogie locomotive to discover exactly how it operated, something historians could not quite determine. Photoshop software allowed him to exactly match the train's color scheme based on a few paint chips from an original model.

Degradation of space exposed surfaces by hypervelocity dust bombardment, and refractory materials for space

Abstract Dust particles with diameters below 100 μm represent an important part of the space environment. Objects like satellites or spacecrafts, are constantly bombarded with particles of cosmic velocities of 10 km/s and more. These hypervelocity impacts lead to evaporation of a large fraction of these particles and to the formation of craters on the material surfaces which exhibit diameters which are up to one order of magnitude larger than the impinging particles. This results in a remarkable materials degradation of space exposed surfaces which can considerably reduce the life time e.g. of semiconductor panels for the generation of energy, due to the cumulative effect of a multitude of such particles which hit a surface during a certain time. The particle population in space near to earth consists of two distinct groups: (a) Natural particles, micrometeorites: These particles are a natural part of the space environment and cannot be avoided. Most of them have so-called “chondritic” compositions and consist of Si, Al, Mg, Fe, Ca and O, an elemental makeup resembling the bulk composition of the original solar nebula from which our solar system and the planets formed 4.5 billion years ago. (b) Man made debris particles: These stem from various sources, e.g. exhausts from solid rocket fuels, paint chips, fragments from space crafts etc. These particles pose an increasing danger to space flight and their future production must be reduced by strict debris policies. The important question was now: What percentage of impact particles is man-made? Cosmic and man-made particles exhibit different chemical compositions. Hence, a micro-chemical analysis of particle impacts on satellite surfaces can be used to determine the particle ratio. For this purpose, the LDEF-experiment (Long Duration Exposure Facility) was launched by NASA in 1984 to study erosion phenomena on material surfaces (of more than 10,000 test samples) in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO)-environment. LDEF was retrieved only in 1990 because of the Challenger disaster which essentially delayed the retrieval up to the last moment before the experimental setup would have been destroyed upon entrance into the earth atmosphere. The demonstration of pronounced material degradation of space exposed materials logically leads to the question which materials are used in space technology. Plansee SE in Reutte/Tyrol has quite a tradition in the production of smaller rocket nozzles, e.g. satellite propulsion nozzles and general propulsion components made of Mo, W, Nb or Ta-based alloys. The W–Ag evaporation cooled alloy was among the earliest materials for rocket combustion chambers enduring ultra high temperatures due to partial evaporation of the silver which thereby cooled the chamber. Ni- and Fe-based ODS superalloys find application in durable TPS/hot structures of hypersonic vehicles, e.g. as honeycomb panels and fasteners of PM 1000/2000. These are PM-ferritic and nickel based oxide dispersion strengthened alloys. We have studied the significance of Yttrium depletion within the oxide scales of these alloys.