Pain-related Self-efficacy Research Articles

Does the credibility of the explained treatment and the expectancy of success held by patients presenting with low back pain influence changes in fear avoidance beliefs, catastrophisation and pain related self-efficacy following an initial consultation with a chiropractor?

Does the credibility of the explained treatment and the expectancy of success held by patients presenting with low back pain influence changes in fear avoidance beliefs, catastrophisation and pain related self-efficacy following an initial consultation with a chiropractor?

Pain tolerance in children and adolescents: Sex differences and psychosocial influences on pain threshold and endurance

Laboratory studies with children and adolescents revealed inconsistent findings regarding sex differences in pain tolerance, although lower pain tolerance is commonly reported for adult women. Besides biological mechanisms, several socio-cognitive variables are discussed which may influence pain tolerance in regard to sex differences. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pain tolerance of children and adolescents using the cold pressor task (CPT) and to analyse influences of pain-coping and pain-related self-efficacy. About 1021 children and adolescents aged 9-17 participated in the study. Pain tolerance was defined as the length of time a participant's hand remains under water during the CPT. Two phases of pain tolerance were differentiated: the time until pain is reported (pain threshold) and the time from the threshold until the pain increases to a level resulting in the hand being withdrawn (pain endurance). Pain-coping and pain-related self-efficacy were assessed by self-report questionnaires. We revealed an obvious effect of sex on pain threshold, which increased with age, a small effect on pain tolerance and no significant effect on endurance. Independent of sex, pain endurance was influenced by pain-related self-efficacy and positive self-instruction. Our results support the assumption that female and male adolescents develop in different directions regarding their pain tolerance when reaching puberty. This seems mainly attributable to a decrease of pain threshold in girls. In contrast, boys and girls are able to endure pain to an equal extent influenced, however, by self-efficacy and coping variables.

Self-Management of Persistent Neck Pain

A 2-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. To compare long-term effects of (a) a multicomponent pain and stress self-management group intervention (PASS) and (b) individually administered physical therapy (IAPT) on patients with persistent tension-type neck pain in a primary health care (PHC) setting. In a previously reported short-term follow-up, PASS had better effects on pain control, pain-related self-efficacy, disability, and catastrophizing than IAPT. Long-term effects of self-management interventions for persistent neck pain, for example, maintenance of improvement and adherence to coping skills are sparsely investigated. Persons with persistent tension-type neck pain seeking physical therapy treatment at nine PHC centers in Sweden were randomly assigned to either PASS or IAPT. Before intervention, at 10 and 20 weeks and at 1 and 2 years after the intervention, the participants completed a self-assessment questionnaire comprising: the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Neck Disability Index, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and questions regarding neck pain and analgesics. Analyses were performed using linear mixed models for repeated measures. The study included 156 participants (PASS n = 77, IAPT n = 79). Between baseline, 10-week, 20-week, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up, significant time-by-group interaction effects were found in favor of PASS regarding the primary outcomes ability to control pain (P < 0.001) and self-efficacy for performing activities in spite of pain (P = 0.002), and the secondary outcome catastrophic thinking (P < 0.001) but not in neck pain-related disability. The initial treatment effects of a self-management group intervention were largely maintained over a 2-year follow-up period and with a tendency to have superior long-term effects as compared to individually-administered physical therapy, in the treatment of persistent tension-type neck pain with regard to coping with pain, in terms of pain control, self-efficacy, and catastrophizing.

Welche Rolle spielt die Veränderungsmotivation des Transtheoretischen Modells (TTM) für das Ausmaß der Beeinträchtigung durch chronische Schmerzen bei Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen?

BACKGROUND: Motivation in the concept of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is the readiness to make a change of attitudes and behaviour and is essential for effective self-management of chronic pain. According to this patients pass through different stages of change (precontemplation, preparation, action, maintenance) before they adopt a new behaviour (e. g., relaxation exercise). The present study evaluates how the four stages of change differ in terms of pain variables in patients with chronic pain. METHODS: Different questionnaires (pain disability in social, family and job-related domains, self-efficacy expectations and the German version of the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaires (PSOCQ), the FF-STABS were administered two times to 147 patients of a rehabilitation clinic. Statistical analysis of variance (SPSS-procedure GLM) was used to analyse the relevance of the stages of change for pain variables. RESULTS: The main effect of the multivariate analysis of variance shows significant differences between the four stages of change for the dimension pain disability (p = 0.001; F = 2.422; df = 21). Pain-related self-efficacy was increased in higher stages (p = 0.003; F = 4.903; df = 3). Via post-hoc tests the stage of change maintenance differed significantly in contrast to precontemplation, preparation and action in terms of pain disability in social, family and job-related domains. Further studies are recommended to investigate the validity of the stages of change model with respect to other pain-related dimensions, because the stages precontemplation, preparation and action could not always distinguished precisely.

疾患患者を対象とした身体活動・運動関連セルフエフィカシー研究

The measure for self-efficacy (SE) to physical activity (PA) and exercise has been developed for various types of people and adopted on the basis of quantitative and qualitative research with disease patients. In this review, we discuss the extant literature dealing with the influential roles of SE in relation to PA and exercise for disease patients. We review PA- and exercise-related SE studies classifying into the following research areas: cardiopulmonary disease and arthritis. In each research area, we first introduce various measurements used in PA- and exercise-related SE, and consider with some parts according to the following research purposes: for cardiopulmonary disease patients, 1) SE role as a determinant or predictor to PA and exercise, 2) SE role as an outcome of intervention, and 3) SE manipulation; and for arthritis patients, 1) pain-related SE, 2) task SE, and 3) SE enhancement. Finally, we conclude with remarks for future applications of SE theory to PA and exercise domain and propose more practical program development using SE and other behavior change strategies.