Measure Pain Scale Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Active Range of Motion Exercises on the Pain Scale of Gouty Arthritis in the Elderly in the Working Area of the Gedong Tataan Health Center

Background & Objective: Gouty arthritis is a condition that occurs when uric acid levels in the blood exceed normal limits, characterized by prolonged pain and impaired daily activities. Based on data at the Gedong Tataan Health Center, there were 26 elderly people with Gout Arthritis who experienced joint pain. Pain in patients with Gout Arthritis can be treated through pharmacological therapy, such as the administration of drugs, and non-pharmacological therapy, such as active range of motion exercises. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of active Range Of Motion exercises on the Gout Arthritis pain scale in the elderly in the Gedong Tataan Health Center Working Area. Method: Quantitative research method with quasy experiment type and pretest posttest control design approach. The population of this study was 26 elderly people while the sample used by the total sampling technique was divided into 2 groups, consisting of 13 intervention groups, and 13 control groups. The research instrument used SOP Range Of Motion and pain scale measurements, the data analysis test used in this study used Mann-Whitney. Result: The results of the study obtained a p-value of 0.004, meaning that there is an effectiveness of active Range Of Motion exercises on the Gout Arthritis pain scale in the elderly in the Gedong Tataan Health Center Working Area. Conclusion: It is hoped that this intervention can be applied at the health center in overcoming pain complaints in the elderly suffering from Gout Arthritis.

Use of peri-incisional liposomal bupivacaine was not different than placebo regarding pain score or rescue analgesia in a randomized clinical trial of 83 dogs.

To evaluate the impact of peri-incisional liposomal bupivacaine (LB) on postoperative pain scores, opioid use after soft tissue surgeries, and incidence of incision site complications in dogs. Client-owned dogs (n = 83) were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study for dogs undergoing a variety of soft tissue surgical procedures between March 31, 2021, and August 18, 2022. After incision closure, an injection of a placebo (0.9% NaCl) or LB was administered into the peri-incisional subcutaneous tissues. Pain was assessed via the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) preoperatively, at extubation, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 54, 60, and 72 hours postoperatively or until time of discharge. The need for rescue analgesia was assessed based on CMPS-SF guidelines. The effect of LB on pain scores was analyzed with mixed-model linear regression, and the χ2 test was used to examine effects on incision complications and need for rescue analgesia. 83 dogs were enrolled. There was no significant difference in CMPS-SF scores between LB and placebo groups at any time period. Rescue analgesia was administered to 21 dogs in each group and was not significantly different. There was no significant difference in incision site complications. The incidence of surgical site infections was 6.0% for all procedures. Peri-incisional LB did not significantly decrease the use of rescue analgesia for postoperative soft tissue surgeries in a clinical setting with the use of multimodal analgesia. This is consistent with findings in human literature. Clinicians should not rely on LB used in the peri-incisional subcutaneous tissue to improve analgesia in patients undergoing soft tissue surgery.

Impact of Ovarian Suspensory Ligament Rupture on Surgical Stress in Elective Ovariohysterectomy in Bitches.

Ovariohysterectomy (OVH) is a common procedure in bitches, where ovarian suspensory ligament (OSL) rupture facilitates hemostasis but may also have adverse effects. Given the importance of minimizing the surgical stress response, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of OSL rupture in 20 healthy bitches undergoing elective open OVH; a celiotomy via the ventral midline was performed, and hemostasis achieved using bipolar coagulation, either with OSL rupture (OSL-R) or without (OSL-NR). Pain was assessed over 24 h post-surgery using the Visual Analogue Scale and the Short Form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. The physical parameters, complete blood count, glucose levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil oxidative and phagocytic functions were evaluated pre-surgery and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, as well as 10 days after. Oxidative metabolism was assessed through vitamin C and protein thiols, reduced glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. No differences in trans- and postoperative pain were observed between techniques, except for analgesic rescue rates. Differences were noted in the heart rate, total leukocyte count, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Both techniques resulted in low oxidative and phagocytic changes. Overall, OSL rupture appears to elicit a slightly more intense surgical stress response than the non-rupture technique.

Different scale, different pain? Discordant pain measurements after surgery for trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has been described as one of the worst pains known to humankind. However, pain severity in TN has been measured using several different scales, resulting in difficulty comparing illness burden and response to TN surgery across studies. We examined the degree of concordance between standardized scales evaluating pain severity in a cohort of patients undergoing surgery for TN. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 39 surgical TN patients with three pain measurement instruments: a Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS), the Brief Pain Inventory-Facial Pain (BPI-F), and the Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity Score (BNI). Scores were transformed into a 0-10 scale, and grouped into five severity categories (none, mild, moderate, severe, worst). Discordant patients were those classified in different severity categories by at least two pain measurement instruments. Level of agreement was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Almost 50% of patients (18/39) had at least one categorical discordance when comparing all three scores. We found 30% discordance between VAS and BPI-F, 33% discordance between BPI-F and BNI, and 35% discordance between VAS and BNI. The highest degree of discordance between BNI and either VAS or BPI-F occurred in patients with moderate pain (BNI IIIb). The degree of agreement across all three scores was moderate (ICC = 0.72). TN patients with residual mild-moderate pain after surgery are often discordantly classified by different pain measurement scales. These findings argue for a more standardized method of reporting port-operative pain outcomes in the TN literature.

Transversus Abdominis plane block to manage post operative pain in canine mastectomy

The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane block as part of a multimodal anaesthetic protocol in controlling perioperative nociception/ pain in dogs that underwent mammary tumour excision. The study included twelve dogs belonging to different breeds and ages. The dogs were classified according to the American Society of Anaesthetists (ASA) classification of physical status, based on their pre-anaesthetic evaluations and were divided into two groups: I and II, each with six dogs. Dogs in both groups received dexmedetomidine for premedication and diazepam-propofol for induction. Group I dogs were subjected to Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and Group II dogs were given butorphanol. Pain score was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (GCMPS-SF) at one hour post-operatively. The pain score was significantly lower in Group I. None of the dogs in Group I required rescue analgesia. TAP block proved beneficial in mitigating nociception and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing mammary tumour excision. Keywords: Mammary tumour resection, TAP block, post-operative pain

Evaluation of preoperative intraperitoneal injection of bupivacaine for intraoperative antinociception in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy: A randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveTo determine if preoperative intraperitoneal bupivacaine can minimize intra- and postoperative nociception/pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Study designProspective, randomized, investigator-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. AnimalsForty-seven, intact female cats. MethodsCats were anesthetized using a standard protocol and randomized to receive ultrasound-guided intraperitoneal 0.9 % saline (US-S) or 0.25 % bupivacaine (US-IPLA) before ovariohysterectomy. On recovery, US-S cats received 2 mg/kg robenacoxib subcutaneously and US-IPLA cats received equivalent volume of 0.9 % saline subcutaneously. Intraoperative outcome variables included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and vaporizer setting associated with relevant surgical events characterized by manipulation of each ovarian pedicle (OP1, OP2) and the uterine body (UB). The postoperative outcome variable was need for rescue analgesia, determined using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale during 6 h after tracheal extubation. Intraoperative data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Šidák's multiple comparisons test. The probability of postoperative rescue analgesia was analyzed using the Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test. Significance was p < 0.05. ResultsCompared to baseline, all surgical events caused significant increases in HR and SAP in both groups, fR increased in US-IPLA but not in US-S, vaporizer settings remained unchanged during OP1, OP2 and UB in group US-IPLA, and were significantly higher only during OP1 in group US-S. There were no significant between-group differences in intraoperative variables and postoperative need for rescue analgesia. Conclusions and clinical relevancePreoperative intraperitoneal bupivacaine had minimal effects on intraoperative indicators of nociception. The need for rescue analgesia was not significantly different between groups.

Description and Outcomes of an Ultrasound-Guided Technique for Catheter Placement in the Canine Quadratus Lumborum Plane: A Cadaveric Tomographic Study and Clinical Case Series.

This study aimed to describe an ultrasound-guided technique for implanting catheters for local anesthetic administration into the quadratus lumborum (QL) inter-fascial plane in canine cadavers and assessing the spread along the vertebral bodies (VBs) by computed tomography (CT). Phase 1: eight canine cadavers received one catheter per hemiabdomen, followed by injection of contrast media solution [low volume (LV) 0.3 mL kg-1 or high volume (HV) 0.6 mL kg-1]. Phase 2: postoperative pain of five dogs was managed by injecting 0.3 mL kg-1 of ropivacaine 0.5% through QL catheters every eight hours, up to 72 h after abdominal surgery. Pain was assessed using the Short Form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale, and methadone 0.2 mg kg-1 was administered intravenously when the pain score was ≥6. The number of VBs stained by the contrast solution between the QL and psoas minor muscles was significantly higher in group HV than group LV. The catheter tip was visualized in the retroperitoneal space in 1/16 and 2/10 hemiabdomens in phases 1 and 2, respectively. Rescue analgesia was required in 3/5 dogs during the postoperative period. The QL catheter placement technique appears feasible and may be included in a multimodal analgesic approach for dogs undergoing abdominal surgeries.

PEMIJATAN TITIK LI-4 DAPAT MENGURANGI NYERI KANULASI ARTERIOVENOUSFISTULA PADA PASIEN CKD YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA: STUDI KASUS

Background, one of the vascular accesses used for hemodialysis is arteriovenous fistula. Arteriovenous fistula cannulation causes pain problems in patients. The cannulation procedure is felt as a painful sensation that needs to be treated, because the size of the needle used when cannulating an arteriovenous fistula is quite large compared to cannulating when installing an IV, namely 16 gauge. General purpose, to provide acute pain nursing care for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis in the hemodialysis room at RSU Aghisna Medika Kroya. Case collection method, pain scale measurement using a VAS instrument for 5 CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis without massage intervention and with massage intervention at the LI-4 point for 2 minutes or approximately 30-50 pressures. The results of nursing care, nursing care for acute pain in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis after nursing for 1x4 hours with the application of massage at point LI-4 showed a decrease in the pain scale in patients without massage and with massage at point LI-4. In conclusion, LI-4 point massage therapy can be an therapeutic option to reduce the pain of arteriovenousfistula cannulation in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Recommendation is hoped that more and larger case subjects will be taken in the next research so that the results will be more effective.

Agreement of Pain Assessment Using the Short Form of the Canine Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale between Veterinary Students, Veterinary Nurses, Veterinary Surgeons, and ECVAA-Diplomates.

Several pain scoring systems have been validated to measure pain in dogs. However, pain may not be adequately assessed since these tools are associated with high-level inter-observer variation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the agreement of pain assessment using the CMPS-SF between veterinary students, veterinary nurses, veterinary surgeons, and European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia (ECVAA) diplomates. Forty-five client-owned dogs presented to a teaching hospital were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. All dogs were pain-scored in vivo, while a video of the assessment was recorded and subsequently evaluated by twenty assessors, with five per group. Mean scores between groups were compared, and agreement within groups and agreement of the average scores between groups were assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The intervention point at which dogs were deemed to require additional analgesia was also evaluated. Overall agreement of pain assessment was poor (ICC = 0.494). Nurses had the best inter-observer agreement (ICC = 0.656), followed by ECVAA diplomates (ICC = 0.540), veterinary surgeons (ICC = 0.478), and veterinary students (ICC = 0.432). The best inter-group agreement was between veterinary surgeons and nurses (ICC = 0.951) and between ECVAA diplomates and nurses (ICC = 0.951). Students were more likely to determine that additional analgesia was required compared to other groups. Pain assessment is key for animal welfare, and training in this area should be reinforced to improve consistency.

Post-surgical photobiomodulation therapy improves outcomes following elective gastropexy in dogs

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of post-surgical photobiomodulation therapy in dogs.MethodsTwenty dogs were selected for elective gastropexy and randomly divided into a control (CG, n = 10) and a PBMT group (PBMTG, n = 10). Pre‑medication consisted of medetomidine and butorphanol. Meloxicam was administered before the procedure. Induction was performed with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Local blocks with lidocaine were used. Incisional gastropexy was performed in all animals. PBMTG received PBMT immediately after surgery. The need for postoperative rescue analgesia, if the animal had eaten by the evaluation momen, and pain scores were collected using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale – Short Form (CMPS‑SF) at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h post‑endotracheal extubation. CMPS‑SF scores were compared with the Mann-Whitney Test and proportions of animals that required rescue analgesia and had eaten with a χ2 test. P was set at < 0.05.ResultsNo rescue analgesia was needed for any animal. Still, significant differences were observed in CMPS-SF scores between CG and PBMTG between 1 and 4 h post-extubation. PBMTG had a significantly higher proportion of animals eating up to the 8 h post-extubation evaluation moment.ConclusionAdding post-surgical photobiomodulation to a standard anesthesia and analgesia protocol reduced CMPS-SF scores and increased the proportion of animals that resumed eating compared to the standard protocol alone.

Evaluation of preoperative rectus sheath block with bupivacaine for analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a cadaveric and randomized clinical study

ObjectivePhase 1: to determine the feasibility of desensitizing ventral branches of spinal nerves within the rectus sheath using an ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block (USRSB). Phase 2: to determine the effect of preoperative USRSB on intraoperative responses to surgical stimulation and postoperative pain. Study designCadaveric study and prospective, randomized, blinded, parallel-arm clinical trial. AnimalsA group of five cat cadavers and 37 shelter-owned cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. MethodsPhase 1: anatomical dissection was performed on one uninjected cadaver. Abdominal walls were dissected in four cadavers (eight hemiabdomens) following bilateral USRSB using 1:1 new methylene blue and 0.5% bupivacaine (0.8 mL kg–1 total). Phase 2: preoperative bilateral USRSB was performed with 0.8 mL kg–1 of 0.25% bupivacaine (RSB) or equivalent volume of 0.9% saline (CONTROL). Intraoperative systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR) and vaporizer setting (vap%) were recorded before skin incision, during celiotomy and abdominal wall closure. In recovery, cats were administered robenacoxib (2 mg kg–1; CONTROL) or 0.9% saline (0.1 mL kg–1; RSB) subcutaneously. Postoperative pain was evaluated for 6 hours using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. ResultsPhase 1: spinal nerves T9–L3 were identified within the rectus sheath, and stained in 0%, 40%, 63%, 75%, 100%, 88%, 50% and 13% of hemiabdomens, respectively. Phase 2: 37 cats were included (RSB, n = 17; CONTROL, n = 20). Intraoperatively, SAP, HR and fR were not significantly different between groups. Vap% was significantly lower in RSB during celiotomy (p = 0.036) and closure (p = 0.044). Postoperatively, RSB cats were 5.3 times (95% CI 1.8–8.3) more likely to require rescue analgesia than CONTROL cats. Conclusions and clinical relevanceDuring surgery, USRSB with bupivacaine offered minor benefits and provided markedly less postoperative analgesia than robenacoxib, indicating that relying on USRSB provides insufficient postoperative analgesia for ovariohysterectomy in cats.

Clinical effects of perineural dexmedetomidine or magnesium sulphate as adjuvants to ropivacaine in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

The study aimed to compare the quality of perioperative analgesia, the motor block duration, and the effects on main cardiovascular parameters of dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg/nerve block) or magnesium sulphate (2 mg/kg/nerve block) as adjuvants to 0.3% ropivacaine for sciatic and saphenous nerves block in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Dogs randomly received perineural dexmedetomidine-ropivacaine (D group), magnesium sulphate-ropivacaine (M group), or ropivacaine (C group). Fentanyl was administered in case of intraoperative nociception. Postoperative pain was assessed using the Short Form-Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (SF-GCMPS) and VAS scale. The duration of motor blockade and intra- and postoperative cardiovascular parameters were also recorded. Group M required significantly more fentanyl than D group (p = 0.04). Group M had a significantly higher SF-GCMPS score than group C at 4 (p = 0.002) and 5 h after extubation (p = 0.01), and a significantly higher VAS score than group D at 3 h after extubation (p = 0.03), and at 4 h if compared to group C (p = 0.009). No significant differences regarding the duration of motor blockade were detected between groups (p = 0.07). The heart rate was significantly lower in group D than in M and C groups intraoperatively and during the first 1.5 h post extubation. The addition of dexmedetomidine or magnesium sulphate as adjuvants to perineural ropivacaine did not improve the quality of perioperative analgesia and did not prolong the motor blockade in dogs undergoing sciatic and saphenous nerves block for TPLO surgery.

Effects of Diathermy on Pain in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

(1) Background: The main characteristic of fibromyalgia (FM) is generalized musculoskeletal pain. This may be accompanied by muscle and joint stiffness, sleep and mood disorders, anxiety and depression, cognitive dysfunction, and chronic fatigue. It is endemic in developed countries, with a higher prevalence among women than men, and its etiology is still unknown. Diagnosis is made based on chronic generalized pain and through the presence of tender points. The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of diathermy on pain in patients with fibromyalgia. (2) Methods: A single, blind, randomized experimental study was developed with a sample of 31 participants. Measurements were taken and recorded at three different intervals using the following measurement tools: the pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the tender points (TP) of the right and left trochanteric prominence with an algometer, the pain measurement scale, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the sleep quality index (PSQI, Pittsburgh), the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-S), and the scale for anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Sociodemographic data were collected through Google Forms (age, height, weight, Body Mass Index). The intervention took place twice weekly across four weeks of sessions. (3) Results: Statistically significant results were obtained in the right and left trochanter PPT, as well as for anxiety and fatigue in the experimental group. The results obtained show that this treatment has managed to improve the quality of sleep, the impact of disease, chronic fatigue, and anxiety in patients with FM. (4) Conclusions: Diathermy is a tool that can help reduce pain. It can also improve the baseline levels of chronic fatigue, anxiety, the impact of the disease, and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia.

Comparison of preoperative retrobulbar bupivacaine and postoperative subcutaneous liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing enucleation.

To compare the effectiveness of preoperative bupivacaine inferotemporal retrobulbar blocks to postoperative liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine (Nocita) line blocks for analgesia following enucleation. 39 client-owned dogs (40 eyes) presenting to the Ophthalmology Service for enucleation. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either a preoperative inferotemporal retrobulbar block with 0.5% bupivacaine or a peri-incisional line block with liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine (Nocita) at closure. Patients underwent unilateral enucleation and were hospitalized for 24 hours after surgery. Pain scores were performed by a masked observer with the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale and the University of Wisconsin Ocular Pain Scale at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours following surgery. Intraoperative use of blood pressure and anesthetic support mediations as well as need for rescue pain control were recorded and compared between groups. There was no significant difference in rescue rates between treatment groups. When comparing the use of medical intraoperative heart rate, blood pressure, or anesthetic plane support, there were no significant differences in use between groups. Use of preoperative bupivacaine retrobulbar blocks and postoperative Nocita line blocks were equally effective at postoperative pain control with similarly low complication rates.

Pengaruh Footbath Therapy Terhadap Penurunan Skala Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea

Childbirth through cesarean section can cause discomfort for the mother, one of which is pain arising from the abdominal incision wound. Footbath therapy is one of the methods that can be used to alleviate this pain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of footbath therapy in reducing pain intensity in patients who have just undergone a cesarean section. This research uses a descriptive method with a case study design in the context of nursing care. The subjects of this study are two patients who have just undergone a cesarean section and are experiencing mild to moderate pain. The instruments used in this study are an observation sheet in the form of a PQRST pain assessment questionnaire, NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) pain scale measurement, and standard footbath therapy procedures. The research was carried out from 14 May 2024 to 15 May 2024 for the first respondent and for the second respondent it was carried out from 17 May to 18 May 2024 with implementation for 2 days and in 1 day it was carried out for 20 minutes. The results of this study showed that both respondents experienced a decrease in pain after giving footbath therapy. So this therapy has proven to be effective for post-cesarean section patients who experience pain.

Terapi Kompres Hangat Untuk Menurunkan Nyeri Dada Pada Pasien Acute Coronary Syndrome Non-STEMI

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome is a manifestation of ischemic heart disease that occurs when blood flow to the heart is disrupted, leading to oxygen deficiency. One of the symptoms that arises in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome is chest pain. One effective non-pharmacological therapy in reducing chest pain in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome is warm compress therapy. Objective: To analyse effect of applying warm compress therapy to alleviate chest pain in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Non-STEMI. Method: The method used in this study is a case report. The instruments used are nursing assessment with the PQRST approach and Pain Measurement Scale with warm compress intervention evaluated over 3x 24 hours. Results: The results of this case study show a decrease in pain scores from 6 to 4 on the first day, decreasing to 3 on the second day and further decreasing to 2 on the third day. Conclusion: Warm compress therapy is effective in relieving chest pain in patients with Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction Acute Coronary Syndrome.

(107) A PHASE 2 RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CROSSOVER TRIAL TO EVALUATE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA INJECTIONS FOR PEYRONIE’S DISEASE: CLINICAL TRIAL UPDATE

Abstract Introduction Peyronie’s Disease (PD) is a medical condition characterized by localized inflammation in the penile tunica albuginea, leading to the formation of fibrotic plaques. These plaques cause penile curvature and painful erections, significantly impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. Current therapeutic options for PD are limited and often fail to provide comprehensive relief. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as a potential alternative due to its ability to modulate inflammatory processes and promote tissue healing. Despite its promise, there is a paucity of placebo-controlled clinical trials assessing PRP’s effectiveness for PD. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the safety and efficacy of PRP injections in patients with PD. Objective The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of intralesional PRP injections in patients with Peyronie’s Disease. By conducting a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we aim to provide robust data on PRP’s potential benefits and adverse effects. Methods This study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial conducted at the University of Miami. We have enrolled 52 subjects diagnosed with PD, who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A (PRP-placebo sequence) and Group B (placebo-PRP sequence). Each subject receives two PRP injections and two placebo injections (saline) over a six-month period, with a crossover occurring at the midpoint. The study’s methodology includes a comprehensive assessment protocol, incorporating pain scale measurements, goniometer assessments for penile curvature, and patient-reported outcomes via questionnaires. Assessments are performed at baseline, three months, and six months to monitor changes and gather data on both immediate and long-term effects of the treatment. Results Interim analysis of 28 subjects who have completed the study thus far indicates that PRP injections are both safe and potentially effective for treating PD. Notably, no minor or major adverse events, such as penile bruising, swelling, edema, allergic reactions, or penile fractures, were reported, underscoring the safety profile of PRP therapy. Furthermore, a statistically significant reduction in penile curvature was observed in Group A, with a median reduction of 10 degrees (p = 0.047), equating to a 25% improvement from baseline after six months of treatment. Conclusions Preliminary findings from this ongoing study suggest that PRP injections are a safe and promising therapeutic option for Peyronie’s Disease. The absence of adverse events and the significant reduction in penile curvature highlight PRP’s potential efficacy. While these initial results are encouraging, they are derived from a limited sample size. Continued research with a larger cohort and extended follow-up is necessary to fully elucidate the long-term therapeutic role of PRP in managing PD. This study represents a critical step toward improving treatment options for individuals suffering from this debilitating condition. Disclosure No.

ANALYSIS OF NURSING CARE FOR THE ELDERLY WITH APPLICATION OF WARM CITRONELLA COMPRESS TO TREAT ACUTE PAIN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN A NURSING HOME JAMBANGAN SURABAYA

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease with symptoms of stiffness and pain in the joints. Individuals typically experience pain and weakness in specific body parts, namely the hands, feet, knees, and shoulders. Complaints of pain characterized by cramps and tingling are sensory complaints. If pain complaints are not treated or medication is not given, the impact will be disruption of physical activity, disruption of sleep patterns, and also disruption of comfort. Objective: To provide an overview of nursing care for the elderly by applying warm lemongrass compresses to treat rheumatoid arthritis pain at the Surabaya Nursing Home. Methods: The research method used is a case study. The subject of this research is Mr. B who is 61 years old with acute pain problems and was given warm lemongrass compresses for three days. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out by interviews and direct observation of patients using gerontic nursing care sheets and pain scale measurements using the numerical rating scale (NRS) method. Results: The results obtained by the client did not appear to be grimacing and were careful with his movements, complaints of pain from scale 2 (moderately increased) to scale 1 (decreased), grimaces from scale 2 (moderately increased) to scale 1 (decreased), restlessness from scale 2 (moderately increased) to scale 1 (decreased), difficulty sleeping from scale 2 (moderately increased) to scale 1 (decreased). Conclusions: Applying warm lemongrass compresses can reduce the intensity of pain complaints improve blood circulation and relax the patient. Therefore, we hope that nurses will apply warm lemongrass compresses to patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Influence of intravenous fentanyl or dexmedetomidine infusions, combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on cardiovascular response, sevoflurane requirement and postoperative pain in dogs anesthetized for unilateral mastectomy

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of constant rate infusions (CRI) of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine, combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on cardiovascular response during surgery, sevoflurane requirement and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing mastectomy. Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. AnimalsA total of 29 female dogs with mammary tumors. MethodsPremedication consisted of intramuscular acepromazine and morphine. General anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Dogs were randomized to be administered intravenous DLK [dexmedetomidine 1 μg kg–1 loading dose (LD) and 1 μg kg–1 hour–1; lidocaine 2 mg kg–1 LD and 3 mg kg–1 hour–1; ketamine 1 mg kg–1 LD and 0.6 mg kg–1 hour–1; n = 14] or FLK (fentanyl 5 μg kg–1 LD and 9 μg kg–1 hour–1; same doses of lidocaine and ketamine; n = 15) during anesthesia. Cardiorespiratory variables and end-tidal sevoflurane (Fe′Sevo) were recorded during surgery. The number of dogs administered ephedrine to treat arterial hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg] was recorded. Meloxicam was administered to both groups. Postoperative pain and rescue analgesia requirement were assessed for 24 hours using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. Data were compared using a mixed effects model or a Mann–Whitney test. ResultsMore dogs required ephedrine in FLK than in DLK (67% versus 7%). Heart rate was not significantly different between groups, whereas lower values of MAP (p ≤ 0.01) and Fe′Sevo (p = 0.018) were observed in FLK than in DLK. Rescue analgesia was administered to 2/15 dogs in FLK and 0/14 dogs in DLK. Conclusions and clinical relevanceBased on the cardiovascular response during surgery, intraoperative infusions of FLK and DLK provided adequate antinociception. Infusion of DLK provided greater stability of blood pressure. Both protocols resulted in minimal need for additional analgesia within 24 hours postoperatively.

EFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK DEEP BREATHING RELAXATION TERHADAP DISMINORE PADA MAHASISWI KEBIDANAN STIKES AL-MAARIF BATURAJA

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation which makes women uncomfortable because make women experienced unable activities which can disrupt their work for several hours or several days. On survey conducted by researchers using numerical pain scale on 22 female students who experienced dysmenorrhea, 18 female students had to be absent on the first day of menstruation or take pain medication because the dysmenorrhea was very severe and they were unable to participate in the learning process. One effective method to overcome this is the deep breathing relaxation technique. Pain scale measurements are carried out using a numerical scale of 1-10. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the intensity of dysmenorrhea before and after the deep breathing relaxation technique was carried out on Midwifery Students at STIKes Al-Ma'arif Baturaja. This research method is pre-experiment which is one group pretest-posttest. With a sample size of 58 people using the accidental sampling method and data analysis using the dependent t-test. The research was conducted from October to December 2023. The instrument in this study was an observation sheet which included pain levels on a numerical scale of 1-10. From the results of the t-dependent test, it was found that the pain intensity before the deep breathing relaxation technique was carried out, the average value was 5.24, the standard deviation was 1.204, and after the intervention, the average value was 2.62, the standard deviation was 1.254, and the average difference in the pain scale before and after intervention 0.741 with a standard deviation of 0.133. From the results of the t-dependent statistical test, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of the deep breathing relaxation technique on dysmenorrhea with a P value = 0.000. It is recommended that women who experience dysmenorrhea apply deep breathing relaxation techniques to reduce pain.