Pain Levels In Patients Research Articles

Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease-Associated Muscle Cramps: Severity and Response to Immunomodulatory Therapies

Muscle cramps in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) are common and associated with impaired quality of life and symptom burden. Muscle cramps are not currently captured in the 2014 National Institutes of Health (NIH) response criteria, and thus characterization and response to immunomodulatory therapies are lacking. The objective of this study was to characterize muscle cramp frequency, duration, and pain level in patients with steroid-refractory cGVHD undergoing extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). A single-center cohort of patients who underwent ECP for the indication of steroid-refractory cGVHD with muscle cramps at treatment initiation were followed from April 2021 to April 2023. Of 22 patients receiving ECP for cGVHD during the study period, 9 (41%) had muscle cramps at ECP initiation (6 males [66%]; median age, 59 years; range, 25 to 66 years). Seven of these 9 patients (78%) had multiple organs involved, and 7 (78%) had severe disease by the NIH Global Severity scale. Over a median treatment duration of 28 weeks (range, 10 to 48 weeks), 8 patients (89%) had decreased frequency of muscle cramps from a median of 5 episodes per week (range, 3 per day to 2 per week) to a median of <1 episode per week (range, 1 per month to 3 per week). The pain and duration of muscle cramps were not changed meaningfully. The NIH Global Severity score remained unchanged in 6 patients (67%) and was improved in 3 patients (33%). Muscle cramping is a morbid feature of cGVHD that may be sensitive to change with standard immunomodulatory therapies. Muscle cramp frequency should be further validated as a response measure in cGVHD.

Reliability of PainDETECT for Evaluating Low Back Pain Caused by Cluneal Nerve Entrapment.

Superior/middle cluneal nerve entrapment (CN-E) is an elicitor of low back pain (LBP). The painDETECT questionnaire is used to characterize CN-E symptoms. Nineteen consecutive patients with LBP caused by CN-E (superior CN-E = 7; middle CN-E = 12) participated in a Japanese language painDETECT questionnaire survey before surgery. A score of 12 or lower was recorded as 'neuropathic component unlikely', a score of 19 or higher as 'neuropathic pain likely', and scores between 13 and 18 as 'neuropathic pain possible'. LBP severity was recorded on a numerical rating scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the EuroQol-5 dimension-5 level. The mean painDETECT score was 11.8 and did not significantly differ between the superior CN-E and middle CN-E groups. We classified low back pain as unlikely to have a neuropathic component in 13 patients, as likely to have a neuropathic component in 2 patients, and as possibly neuropathic in 4 patients. There was no significant difference in the pain level of patients with scores of ≤12 and ≥13 on painDETECT. All patients reported trigger pain; the positive rate was high for electric shock pain, radiating pain, and pain attacks and low for a burning or tingling sensation, pain elicited by a light touch, and pain caused by cold or hot stimulation. The painDETECT questionnaire may not reliably identify LBP caused by superior/middle CN-E as neuropathic pain. A diagnosis of LBP due to CN-E must be made carefully because symptoms resemble nociceptive pain.

Antibiotic bone cement combined with vacuum sealing drainage effectively repairs sacrococcygeal pressure ulcer.

To investigate the effectiveness of antibiotic bone cement combined with the vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique for repairing sacrococcygeal pressure ulcer wounds. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 136 patients treated at Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College between May 2020 and June 2022. The cases were devided into a control group and a study group according to their treatment regimen. Indicators of postoperative recovery including blood routine recovery time, hospital stay, antibiotic application time, and healing time were compared between the two groups. Before the procedure and 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours following the operation, the pain levels of patients in both groups were examined using a visual analogue scale (VAS). On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days of treatment, the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) was used to measure the pressure ulcer area between the two groups. On the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days following treatment, the capillary density values were compared between the two groups, along with the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and c-reactive protein (CRP). The proportions of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subsets, as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio, were compared between the two groups. The blood routine recovery time, hospital stays, antibiotic usage duration, and healing time were all significantly shorter in the study group compared to those in the control group (all P<0.05). At 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h following surgery, the VAS score in study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The study group also showed a greater reduction in pressure ulcer area, with lower PUSH scores observed on days 14, 21, and 28 (P<0.05). Post-treatment levels of IL-1β, IL-12, and CRP decreased in both groups, with significantly lower levels in the study group (P<0.05). Following therapy, both groups demonstrated significantly increased levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, IgM and IgG and reduced level of CD8+. These improvements were more pronounced in the study group (all P<0.05). The combination of antibiotic bone cement and VSD is effective in enhancing recovery, reducing pain and inflammation, and improving immune response in the treatment of sacrococcygeal pressure ulcers.

A pilot study analyzing the influence of the material and the size of the orthodontic archwire on the level of pain and anxiety in adult patients in treatment with brackets: A prospective triple-blind randomized clinical trial.

The objective was to investigate the influence of the material and dimensions of the orthodontic archwire on the pain and anxiety in adult patients in orthodontic treatment with brackets. A randomized prospective triple-blind clinical pilot study was conducted at the Dental Clinic of the University of Salamanca. The study sample comprised 30 adult patients who started orthodontic treatment with brackets. This sample was divided into two groups: the NiTi group (n=15) and Cu-NiTi group (n=15). Pain was analyzed with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Anxiety was assessed at the start of treatment (T0) and after one month (T1). Pain was analyzed at the start of treatment (T0), at different time points at the start (T01), and after 4 (T02), 24 (T03), and 48 hours (T04); these measurements were also recorded one month after starting orthodontic treatment (T11, T12, T13, and T14). The mean age of patients was 31.3 (± 6.05) years old. The highest level of pain, at the beginning of treatment, was observed after 48 hours (5.57 ± 1.72) and at one month after starting treatment at 24 hours (5.13 ± 1.89), with no significant differences between the two groups. When analyzing anxiety, no differences were observed between groups; the anxiety levels were higher one month after starting treatment compared to the start. Regarding the correlation between pain and anxiety, the NiTi group showed a greater direct relationship (<0.05) between these two variables at the start of treatment in the anxiety trait in relation to pain at T02 and T03 and after a month in T12, T13, and T14. In the sample studied, there was no significant influence of the size or material of the orthodontic archwire on pain and anxiety levels. Key words:Orthodontics, Brackets, Archwire, Pain, Anxiety, NiTi, Cu-NiTi.

The Effect of Frequency of Sexual Intercourse on Symptoms in Women with Fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia is known to affect sexual function, but the effect of frequency of sexual intercourse on fibromyalgia symptom severity is unclear. This study investigated how frequently women with fibromyalgia engaged in sexual activity affected how severe the disease was. The depression status of the participants was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the mean monthly frequency of sexual intercourse in the last 3 months was noted. Pain levels of fibromyalgia patients were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), pain prevalence Widespread Pain Index (WPI), symptom level Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), and fibromyalgia exposure status with Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). A hundred women with fibromyalgia with a mean age of 37.11±6.2 years and 100 healthy female controls with a mean age of 36.53 ± 5.85 years participated in the study. Female patients with fibromyalgia had higher BDI and VAS scores and lower frequency of sexual intercourse (p<0.001). While no significant relationship was observed between the frequency of sexual intercourse and VAS, FIQ, SSS and WPI scores, it was found that BDI was lower in those with an average monthly frequency of 8 or more sexual intercourses (p=0.02). This study revealed that the frequency of sexual intercourse is low in female patients with FM and that depression is less common in women with FM who have a higher frequency of sexual intercourse.

Effectiveness of bone-filled mesh bag technology and angle vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly.

To evaluate the effectiveness, pain level, and lung function in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fractures using bone filling mesh bag technology compared to curved vertebroplasty. This retrospective analysis reviewed 72 elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fractures treated at Xindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu between February 2021 and January 2022. The patients were separated into two groups according to surgery approach: an observation group using bone filling mesh bag technology and a control group using curved vertebroplasty. The overall response rate, pain degree, pulmonary function, life quality grades, surgical indicators, and bone cement leakage rates of the two groups were evaluated. The variation in overall response rate (P=0.420), pain degree (P=0.270), pulmonary function (peak expiratory flow: P=0.660, forced expiratory volume in the first second: P=0.775, forced vital capacity: 0.062), and life quality grades (physical health: P=0.949, social function: P=0.935, physiological function: P=0.970, vitality: P=0.778) between the observation group and the control group after treatment was not statistically meaningful. The Cobb angle (P<0.001) and vertebral height (P<0.001) of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after therapy. The leakage rates of bone cement (intervertebral disc leakage, paravertebral vein leakage, paravertebral soft tissue leakage) of patients in the observation group were notably lower than those in the control group after therapy (P=0.029). Bone filling mesh bag technology offers significant improvements in Cobb angle and vertebral height for treating elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fractures, and reduced the leakage rate of bone cement. This technique achieves comparable therapeutic outcomes to curved vertebroplasty.

Perioperative effects of different hypotensive anesthesia techniques in orthognathic surgery.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combining sevoflurane with remifentanil, esmolol, or nitroglycerin for hypotensive anesthesia and determine the suitable hypotensive anesthesia method for orthognathic surgery. This retrospective study included 60 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for developmental malocclusion. They were divided into three groups based on the hypotensive agent preferences: Group 1 (n = 20), sevoflurane and remifentanil; Group 2 (n = 20), sevoflurane and esmolol; Group 3 (n = 20), sevoflurane and nitroglycerin. Bleeding volume, heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded at certain times during the perioperative period, including at stages with increased stress levels in the body, such as incision and osteotomy. The patients' blood pressure, analgesic consumption and pain level were recorded in the postoperative period. Bleeding volume, surgery satisfaction related to bleeding, and total operation time did not differ significantly between groups. Intraoperatively, heart rates were significantly higher in Group 3 than in Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.001). However, hemodynamic stability was similar in Groups 1 and 2. Postoperatively, analgesic consumption, pain levels, and blood pressure dynamics did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Based on this study's results, it was concluded that infusing remifentanil, esmolol, or nitroglycerin with sevoflurane during orthognathic surgery successfully achieved the targeted hypotensive anesthesia and can be considered alternative methods. The decision on which method to use should consider the patient's overall health status and additional medical conditions.

The Effectiveness of Preoperative Nursing Visitation in Reducing the Level of Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Pain in Elective Surgery Patients: A Systematic Literature Review

Preoperative nursing visitation is a method used to prepare the patient's knowledge and psychology for surgery, in order to prevent preoperative anxiety and decrease postoperative pain as well as have a positive impact on the smooth running of the surgical process. The purpose of this research is to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of preoperative nursing visitation in reducing preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain. This research use PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane Online Library, ProQuest, and Science Direct were investigated for experimental design studies on the effect of preoperative nursing visitation in reducing postoperative anxiety and pain in elective surgery patients. Three studies were identified and analyzed from 104 initial articles. Data were then extracted from the study and summarized descriptively. The conclusion Preoperative nursing visits can reduce anxiety levels and postoperative complications, especially postoperative pain and are highly recommended as a nursing protocol in routine care for surgical patients.

Factors Influencing Level of Anxiety and Pain in Patients’ Receiving Endodontic Treatment

Abstract: Background: Dental anxiety is a vicious cycle in which avoidance of dental care, poor oral health, and psychosocial consequences are prevalent. It might be a significant impediment to receiving prompt dental care until absolutely required. Objectives: To evaluate the level of dental anxiety and pain in patients receiving root canal treatment and to identify factors that might increase anxiety levels. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Fatima Jinnah Dental College Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from the period of August-December 2022. The study included participants who scheduled their first appointment for endodontic treatment during this period. Participants were included between the ages of 18 and 60, those who provided verbal consent. The sample size of 100 cases were calculated through power analysis at a 95% confidence interval. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software. P-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Result: According to the Modified dental anxiety scale, the average score was 12.7±4.53, which is considered to be a moderate anxiety. The Pearson correlation of mean anxiety score showed statistically significantly results such as gender (p&lt;0.001), age (p&lt;0.001), level of education (p=0.015), employment (p=0.029), ethnicity (p=0.009) and level of pain (p=0.008). The study showed a lower pain threshold among female patients than males with a statistically significant result (p=0.008). Conclusion: The incidence of dental anxiety among study participants ranged from mild to moderate. Women, young patients, and those with less education were more concerned than their male counterparts. Patients who need urgent root canal therapy more commonly experience dental pain and anxiety.

Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Pain Level and Disability of Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Parallel-Group Design.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been increasingly applied in fibromyalgia (FM) to reduce pain and fatigue. While results are promising, observed effects are variable, and there are questions about optimal stimulation parameters such as target region (e.g., motor vs. prefrontal cortices). This systematic review aimed to provide the latest update on published randomized controlled trials with a parallel-group design to examine the specific effects of active tDCS in reducing pain and disability in FM patients. Using the PRISMA approach, a literature search identified 14 randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of tDCS on pain and fatigue in patients with FM. Assessment of biases shows an overall low-to-moderate risk of bias. tDCS was found effective in all included studies conducted in patients with FM, except one study, in which the improving effects of tDCS were due to placebo. We recommended tDCS over the motor and prefrontal cortices as "effective" and "probably effective" respectively, and also safe for reducing pain perception and fatigue in patients with FM, according to evidence-based guidelines. Stimulation polarity was anodal in all studies, and one single-session study also examined cathodal polarity. The stimulation intensity ranged from 1-mA (7.14% of studies) to 1.5-mA (7.14% of studies) and 2-mA (85.7% of studies). In all of the included studies, a significant improvement in at least one outcome variable (pain or fatigue reduction) was observed. Moreover, 92.8% (13 of 14) applied multi-session tDCS protocols in FM treatment and reported significant improvement in their outcome variables. While tDCS is therapeutically effective for FM, titration studies that systematically evaluate different stimulation intensities, durations, and electrode placement are needed.

At Low Temperature Plasma Preoperative and Postoperative of Chronic Tonsillitis Tonsillectomy

Objective to explore the clinical efficacy of low-temperature plasma tonsillectomy in the treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. Methods: 100 patients with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 2021 to August 2023 were randomly selected as the research subjects. Based on the voluntary principle and different treatment plans, The patients were divided into two groups. 50 patients who underwent dissection tonsillectomy treatment were selected into the control group, and 50 patients who underwent low-temperature plasma tonsillectomy were selected into the observation group. The differences in clinical indicators between the two groups of patients were compared, The pain levels of patients at different postoperative periods were evaluated, and the differences in serum inflammatory factor levels were detected. Results: Compared with the control group, after surgical treatment, the operation time, and intra-operative bleeding volume of the blood observation group were significantly shorter, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05); 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery in the observation group. The Visual analogue scale VAS pain scores at 7 days were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05); after surgery in the observation group, the patient's high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (14.18±0.51) mg/L, Tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) (4.23±0.31) pg/ml was significantly less, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05); 5 patients in the observation group suffered from postoperative bleeding and complications The incidence rate was 16.00%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.588, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: From our study it was able to show that tonsillectomy for adults and children with recurrent tonsillitis were widely used which improves health and quality of life and reduces the need to consume medical resources. When low-temperature plasma tonsillectomy is used in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy, the inoperative blood loss of the patients is significantly reduced, the clinical pain of the patients is further relieved, and the serum inflammatory factor levels of the patients are adjusted.

Postoperative pain of single-visit endodontic treatment with gutta-percha versus MTA filling: a randomized superiority trial

BackgroundPostoperative pain has remained a challenge for clinicians. This randomized superiority trial compared the levels of postoperative pain following the use of gutta-percha (GP) and sealer or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as root canal filling materials in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.MethodsA total of 119 patients were initially evaluated in this two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind, superiority randomized trial. The inclusion criteria were participants aged 18–65 years with single-canal premolars diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. The participants were finally divided into two groups using the permuted block randomization method. In the GP group (N = 46), the cleaned and shaped root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer, while in the MTA group (N = 48), the cleaned and shaped root canals were filled with an MTA apical filling and a coronal gutta-percha and sealer. Patient pain level was measured 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). The data were analyzed by the chi-square, independent t, Friedman, and Mann-Whitney U tests.ResultsThe mean of VAS scores decreased significantly over time in both groups (P < 0.001). The mean VAS scores were significantly lower in the MTA filling group than in the other group (P < 0.05). Female patients reported higher VAS scores at 6- and 12-hour periods in both groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionMTA as a root canal filling material might be a valuable option for clinicians due to its low postoperative pain.Trial registrationThe trial protocol was registered at the Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20191104045331N1).

Effects of inhalation of peppermint oil after lumbar discectomy surgery on pain and anxiety levels of patients: A randomized controlled study

AimThis study was conducted to analyze the effects of the inhalation of peppermint oil after lumbar discectomy surgery on the pain and anxiety levels of patients. Materials and methodThis study was performed as a randomized controlled trial from September 2022 to June 2023 with 68 patients (34 patients in the experimental group and 34 patients in the control group). A Patient Information Form, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and the State Anxiety Inventory were used in the data collection process. The researcher administered the Patient Information Form to the patients before they underwent surgery. The State Anxiety Inventory and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale were administered to the patients after the second hour in the postoperative period. Next, for 10 minutes, only the patients in the experimental group inhaled five drops of peppermint oil dripped on a sterile gauze pad whereas no intervention was administered to the patients in the control group. Then, the State Anxiety Inventory and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale were administered again to the patients in both groups successively after the third and fourth hours in the postoperative period. ResultsAfter the second hour in the postoperative period, the difference between the mean pain or state anxiety levels of the two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). On the other hand, after the third and fourth hours in the postoperative period, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). ConclusionIt was concluded that the inhalation of peppermint oil after lumbar discectomy surgery reduced pain and anxiety levels.

Comparison of Pain Levels on Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment with 2 Different Self-Ligating Bracket Systems.

Comparison of pain levels of patients treated with 2 different passive self-ligating bracket systems right after initial archwire placement. A total of 34 patients with mild crowding were allocated randomly to 2 groups to be treated using 2 different self-ligating brackets. 0.014 inch copper nitinol and 0.014 inch superelastic nitinol archwires were selected as the initial archwire for Damon Q and SmartClip SL3 systems respectively. Seven page questionnaires that consisted of 3 visual analogue scales were handled to patients to mark their pain levels while chewing, biting with anterior teeth, and biting with posterior teeth at 2nd hour, 6th hour, 2nd day, 3rd day, and 7th day time intervals. Pain scores were measured manually using a ruler and noted. The SmartClip group reported less pain at the 2nd and the 6th hours while chewing. Pain levels were the highest at the 6th h and the 2nd day for the Damon Q and SmartClip SL3 groups respectively. The SmartClip group reported more pain for the first two days, and after the 2nd day, pain scores were very similar to the Damon group. No statistically significant differences were reported between the groups. The highest pain sensation was reported for the 2nd day and decreased toward the 7th day. The SmartClip SL3 group reported lower pain scores in the first two days, but the levels were equaled on the 2nd day and after.

PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI AUTOGENIK TERHADAP SKALA NYERI PADA PASIEN POST SPINAL ANESTESI DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GAMPING

If pain management is not optimal, it has detrimental consequences, which can cause disorders in the endocrine, metabolic, immune, and other body systems with clinical manifestations in the form of fever, hypertension, etc. Post spinal anesthesia pain is defined as pain experienced after post anesthesia anesthesia. Pain conditions often occur in post-cesarean section patients. One therapy that can reduce pain in post-spinal anesthesia patients is the autogenic relaxation technique. Autogenic relaxation is relaxation that comes from oneself which can calm the mind. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of autogenic relaxation therapy on the pain scale in post spinal anesthesia patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This research design uses a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-post test design with the Wilcoxon test. The sample in this study was post spinal anesthesia patients aged 20-60 years, a total of 51 respondents using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Numeric Rating Scale pain assessment sheet. The results obtained were the highest number of respondents based on the post spinal anesthesia pain scale before therapy, namely moderate pain of 47 respondents (92,2%) and severe pain of 4 respondents (7,8%), based on the post spinal anesthesia pain scale after therapy, namely mild pain of 12 respondents (23,5%), moderate pain was 35 respondents (68,6%), and severe pain was 4 respondents (7,8%). The results of the Wilcoxon sign rank test showed a p value of 0,001&lt;0,05. The conclusion of this study is that there is significant influence between autogenic relaxation techniques on the pain levels of post-spinal anesthesia patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping.

Facial Expressions as Behavioral Indicators for Assessing Pain using Machine Learning Models

Pain is a symptom of a condition or disease. Pain experienced in the body is verbally reported to a health care giver. Currently there is no objective way to measure physical pain or discomfort one may be feeling. And so consequently, there is no way for caregivers to adequately assess patients in pain who cannot verbalize it, such as non-verbal, adult patients and young children. Facial expressions may be used as a behavioral indicator for evidence of pain which can then be used to communicate a patient's distress and pain severity. These facial expressions can be recognized through jaw clenching, eyebrow raising, and eye squinting. Machine learning with vision based algorithms may differentiate these behavioral face-indicators and assess the pain levels of nonverbal patients. There have emerged many vision based methods for predicting pain from face images. This review summarizes the development of pain recognition from facial expressive images or videos, datasets available for research, an overview of vision based methods using conventional and deep learning, the current challenges and limitations, and scope for improvement in future.

Evaluation of Postoperative Psychological Distress and Its Driving Factors in Patients with Oral and Maxillofacial Malignant Tumors

Objective: To explore and analyze the evaluation and driving factors of postoperative psychological pain inpatients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors. Methods: Relevant data were collected from 80 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors who attended the outpatient clinic for follow-up consultations between May 2021 to May 2023. The patients used the psychological distress thermometer (DT) to circle words that best described their experiences in the past week, assigning a numerical value (0–10) to indicate their pain level on each day. The scoring results were employed to assess the psychological pain in these patients. A self-developed patient basic information questionnaire was utilized to record demographic details. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate patients two weeks after surgery, focusing on the assessment of psychological distress and the identification and location of driving factors. Results: Following evaluation, the results revealed that the average postoperative DT score for the 80 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors was 4.53 ± 1.98 points. Scores &lt; 4 points indicated no psychological pain (Group N) in 48 cases, while scores ≥ 4 points indicated psychological pain (Group Y) in 32 cases. The differences in postoperative DT scores among patients with varying educational levels, fears and worries about disease progression, economic problems, sleep problems, level of hope, and oral pain were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis results indicated that education level, fear and worry about disease progression, economic problems, sleep problems, level of hope, and oral pain are driving factors of postoperative psychological pain in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The postoperative psychological pain level in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors is at a moderate level. Educational level, fear and worry about disease progression, economic problems, sleep problems, level of hope, and oral pain were identified as driving factors for postoperative psychological pain in these patients.

Impact of intelligent information-based perioperative care on postoperative rehabilitation, complications, and quality of life of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

To investigate the impact of perioperative intelligent information-based care on postoperative rehabilitation, complications, and quality of life of patients in the operating room. Retrospective analysis of information on 84 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery in our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were divided into to control group (n = 42) and observation group (n = 42) according to different care modalities. The control group received conventional care, while the observation group received intelligent information-based perioperative care. The total postoperative treatment time, length of stay, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, Pain Numerical Rating Scale score, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, Hamilton Depression Scale score, complication rate, quality of life score, and nursing satisfaction were observed. The total postoperative treatment time and total hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group (P < .05). After care, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Numerical Rating Scale scores in the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < .05). After care, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale scores were significantly lower in both groups, and the observation group was lower than the control group (P < .05). The complication rate in the observation groups was 11.9% (5/42), which was significantly lower than that of 47.62% (20/42) in the control group (P < .001). The quality of life of patients such as physical ability, pain, mood, sleep, social activity, and physical activity scores in the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group after care (P < .05). The nursing satisfaction rate of patients in the observation group was 95.27% (40/42), which was significantly higher than that of 78.57% (33/42) in the control group (P = .024). Intelligent information-based perioperative care can promote the postoperative recovery of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, can successfully improve patients' sleep quality and pain level, alleviate negative emotions, reduce the risk of postoperative complications, and improve patients' quality of life and satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE AND COUNTERSTRAIN TECHNIQUE ON PAIN, FUNCTION STATUS AND SATISFACTION LEVEL IN PLANTER FASCIITIS PATIENTS

Objective: To compare the effects of muscle energy technique and counterstrain technique on pain, functional status and satisfaction level in patients with planter fasciitis.&#x0D; Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted from May to November 2022. Total 66 patients were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Clinically diagnosed patients of plantar fasciitis of age 20-60 years, both gender and history of pain?4 weeks were randomly allocated into two groups. Muscle energy technique was applied to group A and Counterstrain technique was given to Group B with routine physiotherapy. Outcomes measure were Visual Analog Scales for pain, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for functional level and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 for satisfaction level. Assessment was conducted at baseline, 1st and 2ndweek. Independent t-test and RM-ANOVA was used for between and within-group differences with p?0.05 was significant.&#x0D; Results: The results showed no significant difference between Group A and Group B in pain (p=0.245), functional status (ADL: p=0.862, Sport: p=0.092) and satisfaction level (p=0.108). However, significant within-group difference was observed with pain (p=0.000), functional status (p=0.000) and general satisfaction level (p=0.000).&#x0D; Conclusion: Muscle Energy and Counterstrain Technique are equally beneficial in decreasing pain, enhancing functional status and patient satisfaction level in plantar fasciitis patients.&#x0D; Keywords: Counterstrain Technique; Functional Status; Foot and ankle ability measure; Muscle energy technique; Pain; Planter fasciitis; Satisfaction Level; Visual analog scale

Effect of Music on Anxiety and Pain Levels of Patients Undergoing Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Study

Despite being a minimally invasive procedure, biopsy can cause pain and anxiety in patients. Therefore, it is important to reduce the pain and anxiety levels of patients. The present study aims to investigate the effect of music on patient anxiety and pain levels during thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy. In this randomized controlled single-blind study, a validated State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) consisting of 40 questions in total was used to evaluate patient anxiety rates. The STAI consists of two sections: the state anxiety scale (SAS) measuring instant anxiety and the trait anxiety scalemeasuring general anxiety. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 those who did not listen to music during a biopsy and group 2 those who listened to music. The Visual Analogue Scalewas used to evaluate patient pain levels. Group 1 consisted of 46 patients and Group 2 consisted of45 patients. After the procedure, the mean SAS scores of Groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different (p=0.24). However, The state anxiety scale differences, which represents the decrease in pre-procedure and post-procedure anxiety levels (SAS1-SAS2) was statistically different among the groups (p=0.01). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of VAS score distribution (p=0.01). Music therapy is an easily applicable, cheap, and safe method that can be used to decrease anxiety and pain levels in patients during thyroid biopsy as evidenced by this research.