Pain Levels In Patients Research Articles

Level of Mediations on Pain and Satisfaction Level of Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery

The main objective of the study was to analyse the level of mediations on pain and satisfaction level of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. This cross sectional study was conducted at Fatima Jinnah Medical University Lahore. The study was performed with 124 patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia aged 18-65, with no diagnosis of cancer, no chronic pain, hospitalized for at least 24 hour following the surgical procedure, undergoing elective surgery and agreeing to participate. The data was collected from 124 patients with mean age 18 to 40 years. The data was collected from both genders. Of a total of 124 abdominal-surgery patient subjects, 58.1% were male, 94.3% were married, 61.3% had undergone surgery, and 41.1% had undergone total gastrectomy. Among the 124 participants, 47 were included in the control group, 36 in experimental group. Regarding their general characteristics, no significant differences in any aspects were observed. It is concluded that preoperative nursing intervention for pain has positive effects for patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MASSASE PUNGGUNG TERHADAP PENURUNAN SKALA NYERI PADA PASIEN APPENDIKTOMI DI RSUD RANTAU PRAPAT

ABSTRACT
 Appendicitis is a condition in which inflammation occurs due to infection in the appendix or appendix. Infections in the appendix or appendix can cause acute inflammation, so immediate surgery is needed to prevent complications that can generally endanger health. This study aims to analyze the effect of giving back massage to reduce pain scale in appendectomy patients at Rantau Prapat Hospital. The type of research used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test/post-test design. The study was conducted in July 2021 at the Rantau Prapat Hospital. The population in this study were all post appendectomy patients who were treated in June-July 2021. The population in this study was 16 people. The sampling technique in this study was a total sampling technique, thus the number of samples in this study was 16 people. The results of data analysis carried out using the t test obtained results with a probability value (p) = 0.000 (p <0.05) meaning that there was an effect of back massage on decreasing pain levels in post-appendectomy patients. It is hoped that the hospital will always improve services to patients by developing and applying non-pharmacological therapy techniques in addition to pharmacological treatment that is effective in reducing pain scale in patients, especially postoperative patients.

The Effectiveness of Bisphosphonate to Reduce Pain in Lung Cancer Patients with Bone Metastasis

Background: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are commonly used as supportive therapy to prevent skeletal-related events in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis, including severe bone pain, hypercalcemia, and pathological fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of bisphosphonate therapy to reduce pain in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with bone metastasis. 
 Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried on 38 patients diagnosed with lung cancer based on cytology or histopathology findings. Radiological examination such as thoracic CT scan, bone survey, and bone scan was performed to determine bone metastasis. Multimodality therapy is carried out for lung cancer palliative therapy including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and bisphosphonate therapy (zoledronic acid and ibandronate) as supportive therapy to reducing cancer pain. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) determined by patients themselves. Statistical tests were performed by paired T-test in which p< 0.05 was considered significant. 
 Results: As many as 38 patients enrolled in this study consisting of 29 men (76.3%) and 9 women (23.7%). The subtype of adenocarcinoma was mostly found in 31 cases (81.58%) and 7 cases (18.42%) was Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer pain was found in all patients. Measurement of pain prior to treatment showed that most patients had VAS level of 7-10. After bisphosphonate therapy, the VAS level significantly decreased to 1-3 (p<0.01). 
 Conclusion: Bisphosphonate therapy was proven to effectively decrease the severity level of cancer pain in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis.

Movement Is Life-Optimizing Patient Access to Total Joint Arthroplasty: Anemia and Sickle Cell Disease Disparities.

Anemia and sickle cell anemia before surgery are often unrecognized medical comorbidities that can and should be addressed. Nearly 6% of the American population meets the criteria for anemia. The elderly, along with patients with renal disease, cancer, heart failure, or diabetes mellitus are more likely to be anemic. The most common form of anemia is due to iron deficiency, which can be easily treated before surgery. Sickle cell anemia occurs in 1 in 365 Black births and 1 in 16,300 Hispanic births, with 100,000 Americans currently living with sickle cell anemia. Patients who have anemia or sickle cell anemia are at increased risk for postoperative complications, including the need for blood transfusions and delayed healing. For those with sickle cell disease, surgeries can precipitate a sickle cell crisis. Patients with sickle cell anemia face barriers in accessing appropriate care; however, these patients can be optimized using preoperative red blood cell transfusions to dilute sickle cells and elevate the hemoglobin level. There should also be careful consideration and monitoring of the pain level of patients with sickle cell anemia in the perioperative period.

Assessment of Procedural Pain in Patients with COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit

AimThe purpose of the study was to assess the level of procedural pain in patients treated in the COVID-19 intensive care unit, in a tertiary university hospital. MethodWe performed the procedural pain assessment of COVID-19 patients in this study, and 162 (93.6 %) of 173 hospitalized patients assessed during this period. While pain was assessed before, during, and at the 20th minute after endotracheal aspiration, wound care, and position change, which are procedural patient practices, the pain was assessed before, during, and up to the fourth hour after prone positioning, high-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT), and the non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) procedure. The Numerical Pain Scale was used for conscious patients in pain assessment, while the Behavioral Pain Scale and the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale were used for unconscious patients. ResultsPatients who underwent endotracheal aspiration, wound care, and positioning had higher pain levels during procedure than other time points. Patients in the prone position with HFOT and NIMV applied had the highest pain scores at fourth hour after procedure; this increase was statistically significant (p = .000, p < .05). ConclusionsThe study found that COVID-19 patients in the ICU had pain due to procedural practices and that the level of pain during the procedures was higher because endotracheal aspiration, wound care, and positioning were all short-term procedures. Moreover, prone positioning was found to be associated with pressure-related tissue damage, and patients' pain levels increased with the increasing duration of HFOT and NIMV procedure.

Urdu translation of Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and its validity and reliability on adhesive capsulitis patients

BackgroundExcessive scar tissues around the shoulder are the results of shoulder pathologies that lead to pain and disability. The Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) is used to measure the level of pain and disability in patients with shoulder pathology. SPADI is translated into Urdu and its validity and reliability are measured on patients with adhesive capsulitis.ObjectiveThe study was aimed to translate the SPADI in Urdu and to evaluate its reliability and validity in patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis.MethodsTranslation of SPADI in Urdu was conducted by applying the standardized process. Two forward translations in Urdu were made T1 and T2 by bilingual translators. Urdu version of SPADI was drafted after experts’ opinion. Two Backward English translations of Urdu SPADI were made BT1 and BT2 and the back translation was finalized by the consensus of all experts. After this process of reviewing by the professional experts, 3rd version of Urdu SPADI was drafted. The Final version was drafted after its application on 10 patients. Its reliability and validity were tested on 150 patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis.ResultsContent Validity Index was good with values of each item > 0.85. For Test–retest reliability, the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was measured with a value of 0.89 which showed good Test–retest reliability. The internal consistency and reliability of SPADI were calculated by Cronbach’s alpha for a total score with a value of 0.94. Construct validity and Concurrent validity were determined. In Construct validity, factor analysis of Urdu SPADI showed two factors and a cumulative variance of 75.443%.ConclusionIt was concluded that the Urdu version of SPADI is a valuable translation that is a valid assessment tool for patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. It has good validity and test–retest reliability.

Exploring Non-pharmacological Methods for Pre-operative Pain Management.

The management of pain is an essential aspect of surgical care, and pain levels in post-operative patients vary case by case. Treating postoperative pain is crucial as it leads to better outcomes and reduces risk of long term pain. While post-operative analgesics has been the mainstay of treatment, this mini-review explores an emerging concept which is preoperative pain management, with promising potential. Such interventions include educating patients on the expected pain outcomes and available pain medications. Non-pharmacological methods such as relaxation exercises have also proven to be effective after abdominal surgery, and educating patients on the existence of such methods pre-operatively encourages them to make use of available therapies. A major area of importance is the pre-operative psychological and emotional wellbeing of patients, as it is a strong predictor of pain and pain prognosis. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be effectively used to tackle preoperative anxiety and reduce pain levels. Hypnosis is another developing modality for decreasing stress. Lastly, long term pre-operative opioid use has been linked with higher pain scores and longer pain duration. This provides the basis on which pre-operative opioid weaning can lead to favorable post-operative pain outcomes.While many of these methods have not been experimented on recipients of abdominal surgery in specific, it still paves the path for newer pain control strategies that can eventually be adopted for visceral surgery patients. This review points the reader and researchers to new and developing areas that hold the potential to revolutionize current established pain management guidelines.

PENERAPAN TERAPI RENDAM KAKI DENGAN AIR JAHE HANGAT TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PADA PASIEN ARTHRITIS GOUT DI PUSKESMAS MUNGKID KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Gouty arthritis is a disease caused by a buildup of uric acid in the joints of the body. Gouty arthritis that is not treated effectively can develop into chronic gout, form tofus, and can lead to severe kidney function impairment, and decreased quality of life. The purpose of the case study was to describe the application of foot soak therapy with warm ginger water to reduce pain in gout arthritis patients at Mungkid Public Health Center, Magelang Regency. This type of research is descriptive using a case study approach. The subjects in this study were two patients diagnosed with gouty arthritis. Data collection was carried out by observing pain scales in patients based on Standard Operating Procedures for measuring patient pain scales before and after warm ginger foot soak therapy. The results of the case study showed that after the implementation of diabetic foot exercises, it was found that there was a decrease in pain levels in subjects I and II. In subject I there was a decrease in the pain scale from a pain scale of 8 (severe) to a mild scale of 3 and in subject II there was a decrease in the pain scale of 7 (moderate) to a scale of 2 (mild). The conclusion of the case study is that the application of foot bath therapy with warm ginger water is effective in reducing pain levels in gouty arthritis patients. Recommendations need to apply foot soak therapy with warm ginger water to reduce pain levels in patients with diabetes arthritis gout.

APPLICATION OF PATIENT FUNCTION RECOVERY AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

ABSTRACT Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the important structures of knee joint stability. Objective: To investigate the application of medical training therapy (MTT) in the functional recovery of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: Eighty patients who were treated in a secondary hospital were selected as the study subjects and were divided into a control group and an observation group according to a random number meter, with 40 cases per group. We compared Lysholm knee function scores, the range of motion (ROM), daily life capability (ADL scale), pain degree (VAS rating), knee stretch muscle score, and standing balance ability score of the two groups 3 months after intervention. Results: After intervention, the first time getting out of bed, the doctor-patient satisfaction score, and the average length of stay were better in the observation group than in the control group (P&lt;0.05). The excellent rate of knee function in the observation group was 92.50%, which was significantly higher than 70.00% in the control group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: MTT therapy can significantly improve knee the function and pain level of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, shorten the length of hospital stay, promote rehabilitation, improve the therapeutic effect, and improve the quality of life of patients. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Comparative Effect of Ginger and Vitamin E Supplements on Pain and Quality of Life among Females with Dysmenorrhea-A Randomized Controlled Trial

Menstruation is the frequent discharge of blood into the cervix and out of the vagina from the uterus, and it is often called a' period.’ Dysmenorrhea is characterized as the occurrence during menstruation of aching cramps in uterus that arise and is one of the most general causes of menstrual disorder and pelvic pain. Objectives: To compare the effect of ginger and vitamin E on pain Severity among females with dysmenorrhea. To compare the effect of ginger and vitamin E on quality of life among females with dysmenorrhea-A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in the Gynae and obstetrics departments at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for 9 months. 90 patients divided into 3 groups (Vitamin E, Ginger Tea and Placebo) were selected through non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through Pre tested questionnaire, Visual analogue scale and Quality of life questionnaire. The data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: The results shows that there is a significant correlation in the results of Vas scale throughout the study. The level of significance indicates that the VAS scale of pain showed various results in the pain levels of patients having ginger tea and vitamin E capsules for the pain management of menstruation of females. There is also a significance noticed in the placebo group which may lead us to believe that the mental satisfaction of patients also matters a lot. Conclusion: It is concluded that Ginger tea and vitamin E supplements have a large effect on pain and Quality of Life among the females with Dysmenorrhea.

Comparative Effect of Ginger and Vitamin E Supplements on Pain and Quality of Life among Females with Dysmenorrhea-A Randomized Controlled Trial

Menstruation is the frequent discharge of blood into the cervix and out of the vagina from the uterus, and it is often called a' period.’ Dysmenorrhea is characterized as the occurrence during menstruation of aching cramps in uterus that arise and is one of the most general causes of menstrual disorder and pelvic pain. Objectives: To compare the effect of ginger and vitamin E on pain Severity among females with dysmenorrhea. To compare the effect of ginger and vitamin E on quality of life among females with dysmenorrhea-A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in the Gynae and obstetrics departments at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for 9 months. 90 patients divided into 3 groups (Vitamin E, Ginger Tea and Placebo) were selected through non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through Pre tested questionnaire, Visual analogue scale and Quality of life questionnaire. The data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: The results shows that there is a significant correlation in the results of Vas scale throughout the study. The level of significance indicates that the VAS scale of pain showed various results in the pain levels of patients having ginger tea and vitamin E capsules for the pain management of menstruation of females. There is also a significance noticed in the placebo group which may lead us to believe that the mental satisfaction of patients also matters a lot. Conclusion: It is concluded that Ginger tea and vitamin E supplements have a large effect on pain and Quality of Life among the females with Dysmenorrhea.

“Passive or interactive virtual reality? The effectiveness for pain and anxiety reduction in pediatric patients”

Invasive techniques such as venipuncture are painful procedures causing stress and anxiety, both in pediatric patients and in their carers. For this reason, efforts are being made to develop mitigating strategies for the patient’s pain and anxiety during the performance. To analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Virtual Reality distraction techniques as a measure of pain and anxiety reduction in pediatric patients and their parents. In addition, the effects of two modes of Virtual Reality (passive vs. interactive) were compared. A quasi-experimental study was carried out in the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in north Spain. The participants were children who underwent venipuncture for blood extraction and vascular cannulation. From the 124 patients, 51.6% (n = 64) were girls and 48.4% (n = 60) were boys (p = 0.574). The mean age was 8.4 years (SD: 4.1). The mean level of pain experienced was 2.33 (SD: 0.76) in the interactive VR group (n = 88) versus 2.67 (SD: 1.35) in patients with passive VR (n = 36) (p = 0.008); being the presence of anxiety in 27.3% (n = 24) of the cases treated with interactive Virtual Reality and in 88.9% (n = 32) of the patients with passive Virtual Reality (p = 0.000). The virtual reality is an effective method to reduce pain and anxiety levels in pediatric patients, with the effectiveness of interactive virtual reality and its use in the population aged 7–15 years being greater.

Pain levels of patients undergoing ultrasound guided biopsies and associated factors: a cross-sectional study

Aim: Patients may experience pain in minimally invasive biopsy procedures. It is important to evaluate the degree of pain and to know the factors that determine the level of pain felt by patients for adequate pain management. The aim of this study is to determine the pain levels felt by patients and socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with higher pain levels in breast and liver biopsy procedures.&#x0D; Material and Method: In this cross-sectional observational study, patients who will undergo ultrasound-guided breast and liver biopsy procedures in the study center were invited to the study. The pain level was measured with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Pain measurements above 45mm were classified as moderate-to-high pain levels. The State-Trait Anxiety Scale was used to measure the anxiety levels of the patients and the radiologist. Sociodemographical (sex, age, education level, job, income) and clinical factors (biopsy site, duration, bosy mass index, anxiety level of the patient and the radiologist) that may be associated with the pain levels of the patients were analyzed.&#x0D; Results: The sample consisted of 76 patients, 62 were female (81.6%). The procedures consisted of 43 breast biopsies (56.6%), 33 liver biopsies (43.4%). The median pain level measurement determined by the VAS is 20.0mm (IQR: 9.3- 38.5). Most of the sample (59.2%) stated that they felt mild pain. It was found that patients with higher anxiety levels and patients underwent liver biopsy had statistically significantly higher moderate-to-high pain levels than patients with lower anxiety (OR: 3.683 95% CI: 1.159- 11.705, p=0.220), patients who underwent breast biopsies (OR: 3.521, 95% CI: 1.153- 10.752, p=0.023). A positive correlation was found between the level of pain and the level of anxiety (r=0.267, p=0.020).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study demonstrated that most ultrasound-guided biopsy procedures were performed with mild or no pain although higher patient anxiety levels were associated with higher pain levels during the procedures. Patients undergoing liver biopsy procedures had higher pain levels than breast biopsy procedures.

Deep Breath Relaxation and Fingerprinting Against Post Pain Reduction of Laparatomic Operations

The onset of pain that is fast and short-lived can be experienced by post-laparotomy patients, due to a wound incision where this pain prefix produces chemical pain response mediators. Pain that occurs after an incision is made with a wound can make acute pain develop into chronic pain if it does not get treatment according to therapy. Pain that occurs can last a long time in any post-laparotomy patient and can have a negative impact on the patient's life. In order for the patient's pain to be controlled, non-pharmacological pain management can be used to reduce the level of pain in post-laparotomy patients, by providing finger grip relaxation and deep breathing relaxation. Objective: to know the difference in pain level of post-laparotomy patients by giving finger grip relaxation with deep breathing relaxation. Research method with quasi-experimental, design. Pre test Post Test Two Group Design, with NRS measurement scale. Sampling is consecutive sampling. The number of samples was 30 respondents in the deep breathing relaxation group and 30 respondents in the finger grip relaxation group. Data was taken from January to March 2020. The Wilcoxon test for finger grip relaxation and deep breathing relaxation was obtained p = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: giving deep breath relaxation with finger grip relaxation. there is a difference in the decrease in the level of pain to post-laparotomy patients

The effect of nursing care satisfaction on pain and anxiety levels of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in the early postoperative period

In our study, we aimed to examine the effect of nursing care satisfaction on the pain and anxiety levels of patients who underwent orthopedic surgery. This descriptive study was conducted with the participation of patients who underwent surgery in the orthopedic clinic of a training and research hospital, and they were in the early postoperative period. Patient information form, Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used in data collection. In this study, we found that 41.2% of the orthopedic patients were between the ages of 36 and 50, and 60.4% of them were women. Both nursing care satisfaction and anxiety levels were found to be higher in women than men (p&lt;0.05). The highest satisfaction rate was found among patients aged 18-35 years old, and the highest anxiety level was found in patients over the age of 66. In our study, we found that higher anxiety levels increased pain intensity, and a high level of nursing care satisfaction could be seen in various pain and anxiety levels. Our study showed that nursing care satisfaction was affected by pain and anxiety in patients who underwent orthopedic surgery. In addition, it showed that pain and anxiety trigger each other. Clinicians should be aware of the negative effects of pain and anxiety on postoperative recovery. Strategies to increase nursing care satisfaction should be developed.

Comparison the Effects of Gabapentin and Oxazepam on Sleep Quality, Anxiety, and Pain in Unstable Angina Patients Admitted to Coronary Care Unit of Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital.

Background:This study aimed to compare the efficacy of gabapentin and oxazepam on sleep quality, the severity of anxiety, and pain level in patients admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU).Materials and Methods:This double-blind randomized clinical trial was done on the patients with unstable angina (UA) admitted to the CCU of Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital in Tehran. A total of 56 patients were entered the study and randomly divided into two groups of 26. The first group was given a gabapentin capsule at a dose of 300–1200 mg/day, and the second group was given 10–20 mg of oxazepam tablets per day until hospitalization in the CCU. On the first and 4th days of hospitalization, Groningen sleep quality score (GSQS), Beck Anxiety Inventory, and severity of pain experienced by Visual Analogue Scale were recorded, and the mean frequency of chest pains was calculated in 24 h during the first 4 days. The amount of drug (morphine) prescription in CCU also compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in GSQS scores between both groups. The mean score of Beck's anxiety scale did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the incidence of chest pain was significantly lower in the gabapentin-receiving group than in the oxazepam-receiving group (<0.001). The days that the patients experienced chest pain were significantly less in the gabapentin-receiving group than in the oxazepam-receiving group (<0.001).Conclusion:The results of our study showed that gabapentin compared to oxazepam could significantly reduce chest pain in patients with UA.

The Experience of Pain and Anxiety in Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Multiple Fraction High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy: A Prospective Observational Study

Purpose: To evaluate the anxiety and pain levels of cervical cancer patients undergoing intracavitary multifraction high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy, as part of a process to develop guidelines for quality patient-centered care. Methods: Cervical cancer patients (n = 31) undergoingmultiple fraction HDR brachytherapy treatment at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat (Morocco) completed ratings of pain and anxiety intensity using 11-point verbal analog scales, at 6 key time points over 2 brachytherapy insertion procedures and 4 brachytherapy fractions. Women were evaluated for psychological status at baseline before starting the brachytherapy process using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scores were grouped as follows: 0 - 7 = normal, 8 - 10 = borderline, 11 - 21 = abnormal. Factors that could affect anxiety levels such as education level, relationship status, number of pregnancies and prior surgical history were documented. Results: Between July and August 2020, 31 women with a median age of 49.6 years were evaluated (range: 27 - 70). The HADS score identified depression in 5 patients (16.1%) and anxiety in 12 patients (38.7%). Throughout both treatment procedures, anticipatory anxiety was reported, with a maximum intensity in the operating room during spinal anesthesia (3.23 ± 1.7) and during applicator insertion (2.97 ± 2.4). Moderate-to-severe anxiety scores were reported in 25.8% and 22.6% of patients respectively. Level of education showed a significant correlation with anxiety scores (p = 0.027). Pain increased significantly during the procedure (p ± 1.4) and applicator removal (4.74 ± 1.5) turned out to be the most painful parts of the procedure. No correlation was found between pain and anxiety levels. Conclusion: Intracavitary multifraction high-dose rate brachytherapy is associated with mild to moderate levels of pain and anxiety, although a subset of patients reported more severe symptoms and may require additional medical and psychological support, with particular emphasis on bed-rest duration and applicator removal. The development of effective interventions (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) is needed to improve women’s experiences of brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.

A comparison of the effect of knee muscle taping versus core muscle taping on balance, pain and functional performance in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

IntroductionPatellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders which mostly affect young females. A widespread treatment for this condition is muscle taping. This study aimed to compare the effect of knee muscle taping versus core muscle taping on balance, pain, and functional activity in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.MethodsOverall, 26 females with patellofemoral pain syndrome were randomly divided into 2 groups: knee muscle taping group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13) and core muscle taping group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13). Pain, functional activity, and balance were measured before and 48 hours after the intervention by using the visual analogue scale, Functional Index Questionnaire, and Y Balance Test and Functional Reach Test, respectively.ResultsThe within-group comparison showed a significant pain decrease and functional improvement in both groups. However, balance improved significantly only in the core muscle taping group 48 hours after the intervention compared with baseline. The between-group comparison showed no significant difference in variables between the 2 groups at the assessed time points.ConclusionsBoth the knee and core muscle taping treatment caused improvement in pain and functional level of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Also, no superiority of either treatment was demonstrated.

Efektivitas Terapi Musik terhadap Kecemasan dan Nyeri Pasien Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing anxiety and pain levels in patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. The method used in this research is a literature review by searching online databases: Ebscohost, Wiley Online, Proquest, Pubmed, &amp; ScienceDirect. The results showed that music therapy was effective in reducing anxiety and pain. The type of music provided is mostly natural music, the duration is 20-30 minutes and the level is 25-60 dB. In conclusion, music therapy effectively reduces anxiety and pain in patients with CABG surgery.&#x0D; Keywords: Anxiety, Pain, CABG Surgery, Music Therapy

The Effect of Progressive Relaxation Exercise on Physiological Parameters, Pain and Anxiety Levels of Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the effect of progressive relaxation exercises on physiological parameters, pain, anxiety, and serum cortisol levels in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. DesignThis study is a randomized controlled study and has been registered at the Clinical Trial Registry Center (ID: NCT04731428). MethodsThe study was conducted on 63 patients (experimental group = 31, control group = 32), who were scheduled for elective laparoscopic-colorectal surgery in the general surgery clinic of a university hospital in Istanbul between March 2018 and May 2019 and met the inclusion criteria. The patients in the experimental group were given progressive relaxation exercises for 15 minutes preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 after breathing exercise training. The routine treatments and care process of the patients in the control group were maintained. The preoperative and postoperative pain and anxiety levels of both groups were evaluated. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and serum cortisol levels were measured at certain time intervals before and after the relaxation exercise. FindingsThe patients in the experimental group had lower postoperative pain and anxiety levels and a lower rate of using opioid analgesic on postoperative day 0 compared to the control group. Progressive relaxation exercise had no statistically significant effect on serum cortisol or physiological parameters (P > .05). ConclusionsProgressive relaxation exercise did not affect cortisol levels and vital signs but decreased pain and anxiety, and relatively increased tissue oxygenation, appearing an effective, safe, and practicable nursing intervention.