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Review: Surrender is not an Option

SURRENDER IS NOT AN OPTION Defending America at United Nations and Abroad John Bolton New York: Threshold Editions, 2007. 496pp, US $27.00 cloth (ISBN 1416552847)Before we get onto what this reviewer thinks of John Bolton's memoir, it is worth pondering what Bolton would think of this reviewer. He might not be too positive, as represent a lot of things former American ambassador to United Nations doesn't like. Firstly, I'm British, and he's wary of intellectually snobbish Brits (210). I'm even the son of a British diplomat, an epithet he applies with particular disdain to one minor opponent (201). There are ideological as well as genealogical issues: am a qualified believer in international potential of European Union, which must make me one of EUroids (204), whose advocacy of international norms and multilateralism profoundly threatens to diminish American autonomy and self-government, notions that to spell 'sovereignty' (429). Worst of all, think that UN also has real value (if you require page references, you're missing point-we're talking about John Bolton).Unsurprisingly, Surrender is Not an Option is not aimed at likes of me. Bolton states that his audience is to be found in Middle America. He is concerned that many of his fellow nationals are too easily beguiled by multilateral institutions, and specifically UN. For them, the United Nations to this day remains UN of UNICEF trick-or-treating on Halloween, and of famine-relief efforts in natural disasters, or combating diseases in developing countries (197). A prominent critic of UN since 1980s and an unremittingly controversial ambassador in New York from mid-2005 to December 2006, author now sets out to disillusion who still think glowingly of UN as they had imagined it on Halloweens long ago (198). His volume may be a first in international relations literature-a book explicitly intended to sour childhood memories.To achieve this goal, he takes through his tenure at UN in extraordinary detail. Surrender is Not an Option is not entirely given over to Mr. Bolton's time in New York: first 40-odd pages canter through majority of his career, culminating in his involvement in 2000 Florida recount (although he says virtually nothing of that episode). There follows a longer description of his period as T, assistant secretary of state for arms control during George W. Bush's first administration that included American withdrawal from anti-ballistic missile treaty and a range of other agreements. It is in this part of book that we encounter author's preferred form of prose-highly involved descriptions of diplomatic negotiations enlivened by breaking of confidences, ad hominem attacks on most other participants, and a lot of jokes. This is style he maintains through main part of book, a prolonged account of his time at UN, which is followed by a much slighter set of thoughts on future challenges.Curiously, most interesting element of entire project may be jokes. We already know quite a lot about humour of Bush administration-Bob Woodward has revealed, for example, that president finds flatulence funny. Bolton, is more interested in verbal repartee, and from time to time he is genuinely witty. Describing a visit by George Clooney to New York to discuss Darfur before security council, he notes that actor was swarmed by female staffers, providing humility lessons, and therefore character-building, for rest of us (356). However, he is best at skewering those he dislikes with one-liners-and he knows it-returning to some victims repeatedly. Taken individually, his put-downs can be brutally effective (watching his British counterpart negotiate, he notes, I often wondered how Britain had acquired an empire, although he proved why they had lost America) but cumulative effect does get tedious (227). …

Allegory, Capital, Modernity: Peer Gynt and Ibsen's Modern Breakthrough

It is one of the least challenged suppositions of Ibsen criticism that Peer Gynt offers a satirical portrait of the titular hero's escapist flights of fancy.1 According to this canonical view, Ibse...

AFTERWORDS

AFTERWORDS

Science plays on stage

Djerassi replies: William Bennett’s ill-tempered missive starts with an astounding premise: Expertise in a subject is automatically tainted with bias. He implies that only persons uncontaminated with experience or knowledge of a field should serve as reviewers. He calls my review “undeservedly nasty,” despite my having called Shepherd-Barr’s book “a well-written and super-detailed account … [with] excellent analyses of some contemporary science plays such as Copenhagen.” The fact that I highlighted some glaring deficiencies—perhaps less elegantly than Robert M. Friedman’s lukewarm review of the same book 1 1. R. M. Friedman, EMBO Reports 8, 445 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400971 —based on quotations with specific page references can hardly be called bias. Bennett whines about my having written two reviews: In fact, Physics Today invited me to review the book after having been informed that I had already accepted an earlier request from American Theatre for a major rebuttal—rather than just a review—of Shepherd-Barr’s book.Bennett’s two paragraphs dealing with Copenhagen have nothing to do with my review, in which I describe Shepherd-Barr’s chapter as a “genuinely thorough and sophisticated analysis,” although I expressed surprise at her quoting approvingly the French director Jean-Francois Peyret’s wisecrack that Copenhagen is “fake theatre.” Bennett then regurgitates historical facts about Bohr and Heisenberg with which I am in total agreement. But his last paragraph, notably the last two sentences, is ludicrous. Nowhere do I state that the fact that my “science plays” have been translated into 15 languages, performed in many theaters, published in book form, and broadcast by the BBC World Service, National Public Radio, the German public broadcasting institution Westdeutscher Rundfunk, and other media make them great triumphs. What I did say is that Shepherd-Barr’s listing of dozens of plays that have been neither staged nor published and are thus beyond the scrutiny of any reader, biased or unbiased, can hardly justify some of her sweeping generalizations. Even Bennett concedes that “judging them theatrically would have been premature.” In that case what utility does such a hodgepodge list have in a book that emphasizes theatricality of science on the stage?REFERENCESection:ChooseTop of pageREFERENCE <<1. R. M. Friedman, EMBO Reports 8, 445 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400971 , Google ScholarCrossref, CAS© 2008 American Institute of Physics.

&lt;span xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Our Very Illustrious Brother, Abraham Lincoln: A Bibliography of the Louis D. Carman Lincolniana Collection in the Library of the Supreme Council, 33° S.J.&lt;/span&gt; (review)

Reviewed by: Our Very Illustrious Brother, Abraham Lincoln: A Bibliography of the Louis D. Carman Lincolniana Collection in the Library of the Supreme Council, 33° S.J. Emma Louise Kilkelly Our Very Illustrious Brother, Abraham Lincoln: A Bibliography of the Louis D. Carman Lincolniana Collection in the Library of the Supreme Council, 33°, S.J. By WatkinsLarissa P . Edited by SansburyJoan K . New Castle, Del. : Oak Knoll Press and Washington, D.C. : Library of the Supreme Council, 33°, S.J. , 2007 . 174 . $65.00 . ISBN 978-1-5845620-1-6 . A very grand rhetorical foreword by Jack E. Hightower, past sovereign grand inspector general in Texas, precedes this bibliography and attempts to firmly situate Abraham Lincoln—and thus by association the books within the bibliography—as representative of Freemason ideology. Lincoln himself was not a Freemason; however, the Lincolniana collection that is the subject of this book belonged to a Freemason, Dr. Louis D. Carman of Washington, D.C. In February 1932 Carman donated his library to the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry Southern Jurisdiction. The introduction posits that because the Freemasons were going through difficulties similar to those of Abraham Lincoln at the time of the Civil War, Lincoln’s speeches could be used as “moral guide[s] for personal conduct and accountability” (ix). The purpose of the introduction seems to be to promote Freemasonry rather than to discuss the content of the Lincoln collection. Much emphasis is placed on the Freemasons’ belief that Lincoln “was a Mason at heart if not in name” (ix). Freemasons and other groups seem to want to claim Lincoln as a noteworthy figurehead for their cause. Because Lincoln failed to commit to a specific group or religion, his personal beliefs are open to posthumous interpretation: “There is no doubt that Abraham Lincoln thought and wrote about many of the same philosophical issues that are at the centre of Masonic thought” (xii). The acknowledgments indicate why the book has an unabashedly Freemason perspective; acknowledged are sixty-three Freemason members and their family and friends who “answered the call for financial support to publish this bibliography” (xv). The bibliography itself lists authors by alphabetical surname, book title, publishing details, pagination, series information, introduction author, and quantity of copies printed (many were privately printed and often limited to just a few hundred copies). Documented details are given if letters were enclosed or if, for example, the book contained an autograph from the author to Carman, such as item 299, [End Page 240] signed by David Lloyd George in 1924. A picture of a pamphlet or book front cover is often included and usually accompanied by an approximately 150-word extract from the text. While these extracts are interesting reading, it would have been beneficial if they contained page references. The end of the book includes a useful title and author index. Many of the books and pamphlets in the collection focus on Lincoln’s life, his childhood of poor beginnings, and his relationships with his biological mother, Nancy Hanks, his foster mother, Sarah Bush Lincoln, and his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln. Some books look at his influence on temperance and the abolition of slavery. Others focus on his assassination and the conspiracy surrounding it. There are illustrated books, children’s books, scrapbooks of newspaper cuttings, tributes to him, speeches and addresses, personal recollections, sermons, interviews, reminiscences by his bodyguard Col. William H. Crook, books on the Civil War and Illinois, pamphlets containing schoolchildren’s essays on Lincoln, magazines, books describing other collections of Lincolniana, and pamphlets relating to Lincoln auction material. A number of publications are in French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Also included are books containing portraits and cartoons of Lincoln, poetry, odes, and quite a number of plays. Many of the creators of these works attempt to use Lincoln to support their cause. A few authors express conjecture as to whether he was a spiritualist. Others look at his use of the Bible and Christian tendencies. What does appear to be a common theme running through many of the books, though, is that Lincoln was revered and deified by many. This is exemplified in a poem by Charles...

Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice and Memory by George Sanford (review)

79? SEER, 85, 4, OCTOBER 2007 course true that the 1928 Shakhty Trial contained elements of drama compa rable with the agitation trials, but did 'fiction and reality become indistin guishable' as the tide of chapter ten suggests? Itwould be foolish to deny that, by the end of the decade, the agitation trials featured little of the 'critical thinking' encouraged by the 1920 Trial of Lenin; the trials were indeed increasingly concerned with condemning enemies. However, Wood's own evidence suggests that the genre was already dying out by the early 1930s, partly because the 'trialsworked best on audiences that had not seen them before' (p. 206). The Shakhty Trial and all the subsequent show trialswere not primarily to educate and agitate, but to punish. Their targets were not selected by local agitation committees inworkers' clubs but by the Central Committee. The purge trials drew on some of the traditions of the agitation trials, butWood perhaps assumes toomuch in suggesting the one prepared the way for the other. School of History G. R. Swain Universityof the West of England Sanford, George. Katyn and theSoviet Massacre of1940: Truth,Justice and Memory. Roudedge, London and New York, 2005. xv + 250 pp. Abbreviations. Map. Tables. Notes. Bibliography. Index. ?65.00. George Sanford, lecturer in theDepartment of Politics at Bristol University, is the latest in a decades'-long line ofwriters who have examined the subject of the Soviet NKVD murder of over 21,000 Polish officersunder their,control inApril-May 1940.The German announcement inApril 1943 of theirdiscov ery of 10,000 such bodies atKatyn just west of Smolensk ? only about 4,000 bodies were at Katyn, the others were buried at two other sites ? set off a time-bomb of incalculable political consequence at the time which has lasted to thisday. The constant search to establish the 'truth' of the case had always been hampered by the unsurprising unwillingness of the Soviet authorities to admit theirguilt, compounded by the controversial failure ofBritain and America to point the fingerof blame atMoscow, even though behind doors it was always acknowledged as a Russian and not a German deed. This Western official attitude was determined for over sixty years by the overwhelming exigencies of thewartime and Cold War relations between themajor powers. Based on the Soviet documentation released to the Poles on 14October 1992 and afterwards ? which followed the astonishing Russian admission on 13April 1990 of Soviet responsibility for these murders ? and available British documents, the author presents in the firsthalf of his book a detailed account with dates, names and locations of the origins, course and mecha nisms of thisNKVD mass murder during April-May 1940 at the PoW camps ofKozelsk, Starobelsk and Ostashkov. Elsewhere, Sanford oudines the decades'-long 'struggle for historical truth' in Europe and theUnited States ofAmerica, and how both the Soviet and Polish Communist regimes likewise tried to stem the tide of disclosure but REVIEWS 791 were eventually forced to admit defeat with the demise of Communism from 1989 onwards. The author also devotes a lengthy chapter to what he categorizes as 'British lies, hypocrisy and self-delusion'. At firstsight, this is all very impressive and certainly interesting because additionally the author has provided a great deal of background historical information to the Polish-Russian relationship. However, and cumulatively, whatever positive impressions one has are gradually chipped away because what emerges are a number of disturbing aspects to the author's approach, and what can only be described as poor or even shoddy work which a good copy editor in the publishers should have picked up on but did not. Ultimately, the book falls lamentably short of all scholarly standards, which even makes one wonder whether Sanford has really handled the new Polish and Soviet documentation entirely accurately. Given the astonishing price being charged for thisbook, would-be purchas ers should be warned about some of itsprofessional and irritatingdeficiencies. For example, it isusual practice to identifythe chief characters in a story the first time they are mentioned. Despite one missed index entry and several earlier page references, the reader is not told until later that the infamous Lavrentii Beria controlled the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD). On page 2...

Theism and infallibilism: can the marriage be saved? Response to Blaauw

AbstractThis essay constitutes a brief response to Martin Blaauw's paper, ‘Divorcing theism from infallibilism’, Religious Studies, 43 (2007), 349–354, in which he raises a number of thought-provoking objections to an earlier paper of mine which appeared in this journal: ‘Theism and infallibilism: a marriage made in heaven?’, Religious Studies, 40 (2004), 193–201. In the following counter-response, I hope to show that the argument developed in my original essay manages to survive his objections. (All page references in the text are to Martin Blaauw's paper above.)

Transcendental Philosophy and Atheism

Engineers test materials by subjecting them to stress: once a beam has been broken one can specify exactly how strong it was. The same method can be used in philosophy. In the Autumn of 1798 and the Winter of 1799, Fichte’s philosophical position was submitted to extraordinary stress in the extended episode known as the Atheism Controversy, culminating in his forced dismissal from his university post at Jena. The disputed issues explicitly concerned matters of religious faith and philosophical theology, but the stress of the controversy exposed fundamental tensions in Fichte’s broader philosophical position and provoked him to formulate a novel, proto-phenomenological account of the scope and structure of transcendental investigation. Recent years have seen an explosion of new interest in the writings of Johann Gottlieb Fichte.1 This recent spate of scholarship has focused attention on Fichte’s distinctive contributions in an array of interrelated areas: the theory of self-consciousness, the theory of subjectivity, idealism, intersubjectivity, private property and political right, freedom, etc.2 In all these areas a common pattern has emerged: Fichte appropriates and radicalizes – sometimes beyond recognition – themes he found in Kant, often mediated by figures such as Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Friedrich Jacobi, or Salomon Maimon. What has been less systematically interrogated is Fichte’s contribution to the very idea of transcendental philosophy, transcendental inquiry or transcendental proof. There are a few notable exceptions, the most important of which is Gunter Zoller’s study, Fichte’s Transcendental Philosophy. But this is one of those cases where the exception proves the rule. For while Zoller emphasizes Fichte’s departures from Kant on many key points, when it comes to the theme of his title he generally emphasizes continuity. Zoller: ‘Historically speaking, Fichte’s project of a Wissenschaftslehre continues Kant’s development of a transcendental philosophy; it aims at a comprehensive account of the principles governing human knowledge and its world of objects.’3 And elsewhere: ‘Fichte retains the Kantian understanding of transcendental philosophy as a theory of experience.’4 One might accordingly conclude that Fichte simply did not have much to contribute on this score. Although he was a radical innovator in many areas, he essentially took over an unmodified Kantian construal of the parameters of transcendental investigation: transcendental philosophy is opposed on the one hand to 1 In referring to Fichte’s writings I have made use of the two standard editions. Where possible, I refer to the volume and page of I.H. Fichte, (ed.) Johann Gottlieb Fichtes sammtliche Werke (Berlin: Veit & Comp, 1845-6; reprint: Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1971), using the abbreviation SW. The pagination of SW is provided in most modern editions of Fichte’s works. For works not included in SW, I refer to R. Lauth et al. (eds.) J.G. Fichte: Gesamtausgabe der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Stuttgart: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1964 ); page references to this edition are given with the abbreviation GA. English translations of many of the works cited here can be found in Breazeale 1988 and 1994. Citations to Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason make use of the usual A and B numbering. 2 On Fichte’s contributions in these areas see inter alia: Henrich 1966 (on self-consciousness); Neuhouser 1990 (on subjectivity); Pippin 1989 (on idealism); Wood 2006 (on intersubjectivity); Merle, et al. 2001 (on political right). 3 Zoller 1998: 2. 4 Zoller 1998: 74.

Comments to ‘logics of public communications’

Take your average publication on the dynamics of knowledge. In one of its first paragraphs you will probably encounter a phrase like “a logic of public announcements was first proposed by Plaza in 1989 (Plaza 1989).” Tracking down this publication seems easy, because googling its title ‘Logics of Public Communications’ takes you straight to Jan Plaza’s website where it is online available in the author’s own version, including, on that page, very helpful and full bibliographic references to the proceedings in which it originally appeared. Those proceedings are then somewhat harder to find. In fact, I have never seen them. Unfortunately, for the research community, Plaza’s work has never been followed up by a journal version. I am very grateful to the editor Wiebe van der Hoek of the journal ‘Knowledge, Rationality, and Action’ to correct this omission. Plaza’s work is reprinted as such, without an update encompassing more than fifteen additional years of research in this area. This commentary aims to provide some background to bridge that gap.

On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Reading Heidegger Backwards: White's Time and Death*

In Time and Death: Heidegger's Analysis of Finitude, Carol White pursues a strange hermeneutic strategy, reading Heidegger backwards by reading the central ideas of his later work back into his early magnum opus, Being and Time. White follows some of Heidegger's own later directives in pursuing this hermeneutic strategy, and this paper critically explores these directives along with the original reading that emerges from following them. The conclusion reached is that White's creative book is not persuasive as a strict interpretation of Heidegger's early work, but remains extremely helpful for deepening our appreciation of Heidegger's thought as a whole. Most importantly, White helps us to understand the pivotal role that thinking about death played in the lifelong development of Heidegger's philosophy. *. Carol J. White (2005) Time and Death: Heidegger’s Analysis of Finitude Mark Ralkowski (Ed.) Foreword by Hubert L. Dreyfus (Aldershot: Ashgate) pp. xlvii + 179, $94.95. Unprefixed page references are to this work.

Shorter Chinese Samyukta Agama

This study provides an overview of what is known about the shorter Chinese Samyukta Agama and also an annotated translation of its first 22 suttas, which corresponds to the Pali Bhikkhu Samyutta. Recent research suggests that T.100 belongs to the corpus of Sarvastivada Literature. The annotations resolve some unique expressions, correct some mistakes found in the textus receptus, and point out significant differences between the versions of the suttas. The text base for Chinese is the CBETA/Taisho edition, for Pali the Chatta Sangayana edition published by the Vipassana Research Institute, if not indicated otherwise (but with volume and page references to the Pali Text Society editions). The paper is a first result of the Bieyi za ahan jing-Project 1 at the Chung-hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies, Taiwan, which aims at a digital edition and translation of the complete work.

Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Medii Aevi Ad Annum 1638. Revised Edition (review)

Reviewed by: Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Medii Aevi Ad Annum 1638. Revised Edition Norman F. Shead Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Medii Aevi Ad Annum 1638. Revised Edition, ed. D. E. R. Watt and A. L. Murray, Scottish Record Society: Edinburgh, 2003. 536 pp. ISBN 0 902054 19 8 This is the third incarnation of Fasti. From its modest beginnings as a bound set of typewritten sheets in 1959, it became a regular book ten years later, modestly described simply as 'second draft'. This new version is described with similar modesty as 'Revised Edition'. It is [End Page 235] considerably increased in size: the 411 pages of 1969 have become 536. References have been updated (for example, NAS instead of SRO) and, a very important element, many references have been added from unprinted sources. In a work of this complexity, it is not surprising that there are many misprints; most, however, are unlikely to mislead the reader, for they are overwhelmingly typographical errors affecting punctuation – the full stop which should be a comma, a missing bracket. Some, however, should be mentioned here. In the index, the page reference for Zachary Pont should be 97, and under the name Stirling, the reference for Gilbert should be page 2 only and George should be inserted and given the page reference 13. Since dates are fundamental to Fasti, misprints of dates should be pointed out. Most will become obvious to the reader (for example, 1362 for 1632 on page 196), but the following are not immediately so: pp. 204 and 205 William de Lauder: for 1505 read 1405; p.209 John Gray: for 1325 read 1425; p.322 the introduction to Orkney diocese: for 1202 read 1102; p.400 date of death of William de Bosco archdeacon of Lothian: for 1232 read 1231; p.435 Alexander Gordon: for 1550 –1575 read 1559– 1575; p.438 Alexander Wood: for 1519 read 1529; p.444 John Fraser: for 1407–9 read 1497–9; p.449 David Livingston: for 1449 read 1469, which was also the date of his provision by the pope. On page 197, in reference to Porterfield, for 'bishop' read 'archbishop'. On pages 466 and 486 the reference to Letters James IV should be to Letters James V. The reference to Eubel under James Betoun on page 193 should be 203, not 2003, and there is a lacuna between Glas. Mun. and 18 May in the last line of page 467. There is a discrepancy between page 34 and page 123 about the foundation of the see of Argyll. The former gives 1192 x 1203 or 1211 x 1214 as the possible dates of erection, the latter 1183 x 1189. The dates 1211 x 1214 seem impossible, especially as the diocese appears in the Liber Censuum of 1192/3. A few more solid changes can be offered. Turpin bishop of Brechin was alive after the founding of Lindores abbey, i.e. after c.1190 [Lind. Lib., no.15]. His successor Radulf cannot have been the king's chaplain Radulf, for the latter was still chaplain after 17 March 1199 [ND, no.466]. Ingram occurs as archdeacon of Glasgow (p.221) 1160 x 1161 [Kel. Lib., no.440], and John as dean of Teviotdale/Roxburgh (p.239) 1181 x 1185/6 [Kel. Lib., no.454]. Since the publication of this edition of Fasti, it is possible to add the month of the death of Richard de Lincoln bishop of Moray in 1203: a note at the foot of fo.29 of the Red Book of Moray [Davis, no.1172] states 'obiit Richardus episcopus Mar.1203'; in the absence of corroboration, this might be tentatively accepted. It is also possible to take note of Professor A. A. M. Duncan's suggestion of 1140 rather than 1144 as the date of foundation of St Andrews cathedral priory [SHR 84 (2005)]. [End Page 236] When dealing with undated documents there is bound to be disagreement about the dates to be ascribed to them. The first date for Herbert dean of Glasgow (p.197), I date to 1179 x 1185/6, for by the latter date William the bishop's clerk had become a canon of Glasgow. The same date 1185...

Godard Counts

Godard Counts

Of War-Leaders and Fire-Makers: A Rejoinder

If there is to be a “great Karamoja debate”, then it is necessary to keep in focus the leading issues, with the constraints of historiographical and methodological concerns. Since 1990 publications on the Karamojong have in general taken the line expressed in Mirzeler and Young's abstract: “The transformation of local modes of conflict by large-scale infusion of the AK-47 has had far-reaching effects …”. Against this trend I cite the French critic, Alphonse Karr (1808-1890), “Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose”. My perversity is sustained by studying the Karamojong over 23½ years, living there 1984-86, and returning for fieldwork across Karamoja in 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2005. Taking copies of my monograph to deposit for Karamojongliteratito read, the dominant impression was that mobile telephones notwithstanding, this was the same Karamoja. I will not have the last word, but history will.The issue in Mirzeler's paper above is that “Pastoral Politics” has been mis-represented. Of course any part of an article cannot fully represent the whole, but my book cites Mirzeler no less than 49 times, often giving multiple page references. There is therefore no attempt at disguise or misappropriation: readers are invited and enabled to see for themselves. Where I have fallen down is in five sentences in one chapter, which Allen enjoys for its rare antipathy, where I have inverted commas in manifestly the wrong places. Sadly this is merely where my incompetence got the better of my conscientiousness. These five sentences were my précis, which I knew contained phrases it would have been appropriate to quote, so I marked them with inverted commas with the full intention of checking with the original article. Since I did not have it in my study, my intention was never executed, so now Mirzeler has his reward and I a lifetime's chagrin.

Freud’s Library: A Comprehensive Catalogue (review)

Reviewed by: Freuds Library: A Comprehensive Catalogue G. W. Pigman III Freuds Library: A Comprehensive Catalogue, compiled and edited by | Freuds Bibliothek. Vollständiger Katalog, bearbeitet und herausgegeben von | J. Keith Davies and Gerhard Fichtner. Tübingen: edition diskord, 2006. 144 pp. and one CD-ROM. 36 Euros. Anyone seriously interested in Freud ought to welcome this invaluable and user-friendly research tool, which consists of a book with lucid, detailed instructions for using the CD catalogue and Fichtner's excellent introduction.1 The compilers have personally examined the 3,724 items of the catalogue except for almost 500 that appeared in earlier listings but are now missing. Clues to Freud's reading are provided by indications of whether the pages are partially or completely uncut (more than 300 books) and by page references to marginal markings, underlinings, and annotations. Appendices include complete transcriptions of the markings in ten important books, including four that were essential sources for writings by Freud: Jensen's Gradiva, Lipps's Komik und Humor, Schreber's Denkwürdigkeiten eines Nervenkranken, and Smith's Lectures on the Religion of the Semites. The CD also contains 944 hyperlinked color images of, among other things, covers, title pages, dedications, and markings. Several hyperlinked indices help the user navigate the CD: names; subjects (both German and English); publishers (or printers); titles; Freud's titles; dedications; dedications by date; signatures; signatures by date; markings; ex libris; ownerships; languages; and images. Not knowing how much of his library he would be able to take with him, Freud, in the weeks before emigrating in June 1938, with the assistance of his daughter Anna, went through his books one by one; he took roughly two-thirds of his library to London. Now that this comprehensive catalogue is available, a close examination of the items which Freud chose to take with him and which to dispense with could provide some insight into those he considered valuable, at least towards the end of his life. Although most of the items given away come from the neurological and psychiatric literature, several do not—for example, books by Radestock, Scholz, and Tissié that Freud cited repeatedly in the first chapter of the Traumdeutung. The [End Page 520] catalogue will also allow insight into Freud's professional and social relations, since it records the dedications in the books, and a large proportion of Freud's library—one-fifth—contains them. Like all tools, this catalogue must be used with caution, especially for approaching what for many scholars will be the most interesting questions: what did Freud read, and what did he think about those works? Fichtner reminds us that one may read a book without owning it, or own it without reading it, and notes that many books that Freud read and loved are not in his library (29). Even with that warning, one is still surprised to discover, given Freud's allusions to the classics and his interest in antiquity, that his library contains so few works of Greek and none of Roman literature. There is not a single work in ancient Greek and only a handful of translations: Aristophanes and Sophocles, Aristotle's Poetics and Politics, Artemidorus's Oneirocritica (Symbolik der Träume), Euripides' Ion, Homer's Iliad, and Plato's Symposium.2 Freud's gymnasial education in the classics has left no trace in his library, although he appears to have drawn upon it for the rest of his life. The compilers' systematic notation of markings in Freud's books will greatly facilitate studies of his reading, and the ten examples are extremely valuable. But marginal markings and underlinings occur in only ca. 9% of the books, and marginal notes in fewer than 2%. Moreover, Freud was accustomed to put slips of paper with notes into his books, but only a few have been preserved (33). A book or a passage in it may not be marked because Freud took notes that have not survived or—with luck—are in the Library of Congress.3 A book without markings is not necessarily a book that Freud did not read with care. Since any catalogue is a work in progress, and pdf files can be readily...

School-Age Stuttering: What Works?

School-Age Stuttering: What Works?

The Fate of Phenomenology in Deconstruction: Derrida and Husserl*

This paper begins by presenting Lawlor's Derrida and Husserl: The Basic Problems of Philosophy, an account of how deconstruction emerges as Derrida discusses Husserl's phenomenology (I.). It then determines the genre of Lawlor's intellectual history. Lawlor writes a continuist narrative history of ideas and concepts (II.). In the subsequent main section the paper uses Lawlor's material to take a position in the debate between Husserl and Derrida (III.). This is done in three parts. The first part reconstructs Derrida's version of Husserlian time consciousness (III. 1). The second part proposes an alternative and revisionist reading of Husserl's theory of internal temporality. On this reading Husserl is a process theoretician of consciousness (III. 2). The third part juxtaposes Husserl and Derrida's critical views (III. 3), arguing that Husserl's fluxive theory of time consciousness does not suffer from the problems Derrida finds in his Husserl. The final section (IV.) points to relativizing consequences for deconstruction and identifies programmatic consequences for phenomenology. *Leonard Lawlor (2002) Derrida and Husserl: The Basic Problem of Philosophy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press). Page references in the text and without further specification are to this work.

On Studying the Past Scientifically*

This critical review of Aviezer Tucker's Our Knowledge of the Past: A Philosophy of Historiography examines the character, scope, and limits of scientific historiography, the overall topic of Tucker's book. The review begins by arguing that the book both unwittingly juggles two criteria for scientific, as opposed to nonscientific, historiography – the production of knowledge and Kuhnian disciplinary matrices – and wrongly construes the subject matter of such historiography to be present evidence for the past as opposed to this evidence in addition to the past itself. There ensues a lengthy discussion of the role of theories in scientific historiography that (1) contests Tucker's thesis that theories of information transmission and grand social theories are central to the enterprise, (2) criticizes his failure to distinguish technical from theoretical terms, and (3) claims that scholarly historiography is more of an art than a science. The review concludes by arguing that scientific historiography as Tucker conceives of it cannot meet the many needs society has vis‐à‐vis the past. * Aviezer Tucker (2004) Our Knowledge of the Past: A Philosophy of Historiography (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Unmarked page references are to this work.

The Stern Review “Oxonia Papers”: A Critique

In this note we comment on the three related documents (The “Oxonia papers”) that were issued at the end of January 2006 as the first fruits of the Stern Review of the economics of climate change. These comprise a discussion paper entitled “What is the Economics of Climate Change?”, Sir Nicholas Stern’s Oxonia Lecture with the same title, and a short Technical Annex on “The science of climate change”. Except where otherwise indicated, the page references that follow are to the discussion paper. We believe that these documents constitute a false start: they do not provide a sound basis for the further work of the Review team. If the Review exercise is to serve a useful purpose, its treatment of the issues has to be more inclusive, more informed, and less dominated and constrained by questionable or mistaken presumptions.

The Fly Swatter: How My Grandfather Made His Way in the World, and: Moscow Stories, and: Vixi: Memoirs of a Non-Belonger, and: Understanding the Cold War: A Historian's Personal Reflections (review)

Reviewed by: The Fly Swatter: How My Grandfather Made His Way in the World, and: Moscow Stories, and: Vixi: Memoirs of a Non-Belonger, and: Understanding the Cold War: A Historian’s Personal Reflections David C. Engerman Nicholas Dawidoff , The Fly Swatter: How My Grandfather Made His Way in the World. ix +353 pp. New York: Pantheon, 2002. ISBN 0375400273, $26.00 (cloth). Reprinted as The Fly Swatter: Portrait of an Exceptional Character. 368 pp. New York: Vintage Books, 2003. ISBN 0375700064, $14.95 (paper). Page references are to the cloth edition. Loren R. Graham , Moscow Stories. 305 pp., illus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. ISBN 0253347165 $22.95. Richard Pipes , Vixi: Memoirs of a Non-Belonger. 264 pp., illus. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.ISBN 0300101651, $30.00 (cloth); 0300109652, $19.00 (paper). Adam B. Ulam , Understanding the Cold War: A Historian’s Personal Reflections. 2nd ed.410 pp. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2002.ISBN 0765808854. $29.95 (paper). In April 1969, a small group of students took over Harvard's University Hall to protest the institution's involvement in the Vietnam War. The students rifled through official files for two days before being evicted by the administration (with the help of the state police). Some of their findings—what they called "newly liberated documents"—soon appeared in a pamphlet, How Harvard Rules. That pamphlet outlined Harvard's importance to the national-security apparatus, showing how Harvard faculty members conducted research for the Departments of Defense and State, the Central Intelligence Agency, the White House, and (perhaps less surprisingly) the Council of Foreign Relations. As two wry historians of Harvard note, the pamphlet's "assumption of Harvard's omnipotence in the corridors of power … differed more in disapproval than in substance from the hubristic Harvard tone of the Kennedy years." 1 [End Page 689] This brief episode neatly illustrates both a defining feature of early Sovietology and the conflicts that engulfed it in the 1960s. The protestors' pamphlet excoriated Harvard's Russian Research Center (RRC), now the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, calling it a "Cold War baby" that brought a "new politicization of the content of the social sciences," the purpose of which was "to provide the needed data and intelligence to expand and manage the [American] Empire." 2This vision, minus the word "empire," would have caused little trouble for the founding fathers (no mothers here) of the RRC; they clearly viewed their work as serving the interests of both government and scholarship. They saw their work as scholars and as consultants/advisors to government as undivided, even indivisible, aspects of their professional careers; their connections brought new ideas to the policy/intelligence world and new funds and attention to the academy. This model of Soviet Studies did not survive the 1960s, as it attracted direct and indirect attacks from a younger generation of scholars who saw the government ties as stigmata that demonstrated the field's corruption. The events that shook Harvard and other campuses in the late 1960s left echoes across American academic life, reflected in the four life histories under review here. These life stories cover three scholarly generations, from Alexander Gerschenkron (arrived at Harvard as a full professor in 1949) to Richard Pipes and Adam Ulam (graduate students and then junior faculty members at Harvard in the 1950s) to Loren Graham (whose Harvard connections are looser and later; he embarked on his teaching career at Indiana before stopping off at Columbia for most of the 1960s and arriving in Cambridge in the late 1970s). Taken together, they reveal not just the personalities and politics of their subjects, but also some of the forces that united and divided the field of Soviet Studies. As such, they offer the chance to think through the intellectual and social history of Soviet Studies—and add to those histories the institutional history that so animated the 1960s debates but is notable for its absence from these life stories. Nicholas Dawidoff's book The Fly Swatteris a biography of an intellectual—his grandfather, Alexander Gerschenkron—but not an intellectual biography. A journalist whose previous work includes a book about a Chicago White Sox player...