Summary Pot trials were conducted to study the survival of Azotobacter and Azospirillum in the rhizosphere of barley crop which was inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense and grown in soils, amended with organic matter, such as city compost (C.C.) and paddy straw compost (P.S.C.). The two asymbiotic nitrogen fixers showed higher population in organic-amended soils than in unamended soils, which served as control. At the same time the proliferation was more pronounced in inoculated series.