Paddy Production Research Articles

Agricultural Socialization’ Influence on the Rice Farmers’ Farming Behavior in Noelbaki Village

The availability of food in sufficient quantities, good quality of foodstuffs, and high nutritional value have a broad impact on the economy and the quality of human resources. Extension workers are one of the factors that cause development potential both in quantity and quality. Indonesia faces the fact that the number of extension workers is still lacking and the quality cannot be said to be adequate so it still needs to be developed. Based on the problems that have been formulated above, the objectives of the study are analyzing the farming behavior of rice farmers and the empowerment of farmers through counseling in an effort to increase the productivity of paddy rice. The results of the study on the level of paddy rice productivity in Noelbaki are high. One of the factors that cause the high productivity of rice is the increase in the ability of farmers to manage rice farming and allocate their resources and farmers' knowledge about the use of technology has also increased. The effect of counseling on the level of rice paddy productivity is positive because it has an impact on changing the behavior of farmers. The higher the empowerment through paddy rice farming counseling, the higher the productivity results achieved.

Mining of soil data for predicting the paddy productivity by machine learning techniques

Mining of soil data for predicting the paddy productivity by machine learning techniques

Comparative Profitability among Adopters and Non-Adopters of Selected Innovations

Level of profit generated from adoption of paddy innovations can influence famers’ decision to adopt such innovations; however it is imperative to know whether there are profit differences between adopters and non-adopters of innovations. This study was conducted in Mvomero District, Tanzania. The main objective is to compare profitability among adopters and non-adopters of selected innovations. Cross-sectional research design is employed and simple random sampling technique is employed to select 299. The interview uses a semi-structured questionnaire. Net farm income (NFI) and Return on investment (ROI) are used to analyze the profitability for selected innovations. Content analysis is used to analyze qualitative information. The study reveals that adoption of SRI, PTs and WTs is more profitable compared to non-adoption of the same innovations (p < 0.01). Adoption of SRI, PTs and WTs to farmers in the study area is a profitable venture (p < 0.01) and serves as a stimulus for other farmers to apply the innovations in paddy production. Extension officers and rural development agents should educate farmers especially those who do not adopt innovations on the advantages of adoption of paddy innovations so as to improve their wellbeing.

Impact Of Climate Change In Agricultural Production: A Case Of Koshi River Basin, Nepal

The climatic factor has played dominant role on affecting agricultural production in the region. This study focused on analyzing the impact of Climate change in agricultural production in two districts of Nepal. Sunsari district had experienced the highest annual temperature increased (0.0038°C/yr) during 1990 and 2022, whereas the Saptari district had faced sharp decline in rainfall (11.442 mm/yr). Climate change resulted into climate induced disasters such as recurring drought, catastrophic flooding, mass wasting and emergence of pests. The climate data during 1990 and 2022, was used to find climate trend analysis. The inter-annual climatic patterns across time were examined using the trend analysis test and trend line slope. The HH survey concluded with increased in temperature and crop diseases emergence along with increase in the frequency of pests, drought and floods, and decreased in rainfall as perceived by majority of respondents. These parameters were expected to cause negative effect on crop output, human health, animals and vegetation. An increasing tendency in temperature and declining trend in precipitation were the two main climatic trends that were observed in the study area. Climate trends in Barahakshetra of Sunsari district of the KRB showed an increasing rate of precipitation of 7.8021 mm/year. The linear trend analysis of pre-monsoon time showed the precipitation was increasing at the rate of 3.4424 mm/year. The trend of post-monsoon rainfall increased significantly at the rate of 1.7956 mm/year. The Climatic trends as indicated by Barmajhiya Station in the Saptari district of the KRB showed decreasing rate of annual precipitation with 11.442 mm/year. In Saptari district, the annual production of paddy has been observed in decreasing trend of 1092.9 Mt. per year, with the increasing trend of cultivation area with 673.55 ha per year. The decreasing trend of cultivation area was observed with 17.918 ha per year. The HHs survey ascertained that, the majority of respondents perceived the increased temperature and drought with heavy rainfall and flood in the locality. The springs and ponds were at stake resulting into water scarcity with low discharge in rivers.

The Digitalization Approach in The Paddy Sector To Achieve The Self-Sufficiency Level In Malaysia

“Digitization indeed presents a valuable opportunity to tackle the pressing challenges of productivity, sustainability, and resilience in agriculture. The evidence of its adoption and impact in the agriculture sector highlights notable increases in production and crop resilience. In the specific context of paddy production in Malaysia, the government consistently underscores the importance of embracing digitization in this sector. This paper aims to explore how a digitization approach can be effectively utilized in paddy production to attain self-sufficiency levels (SSL) in Malaysia. Additionally, it identifies key issues and challenges that need to be addressed to achieve self-sufficiency in paddy production. These challenges include: natural resource scarcity: agricultural productivity & innovation and climate change. To ensure the sustainability of paddy production and the successful adoption of digitization, governments play a pivotal role in addressing these challenges. In conclusion, the integration of digitization in paddy production is a promising strategy for Malaysia to achieve self-sufficiency in rice production. However, it requires a comprehensive approach that addresses challenges related to resource scarcity, productivity, demographic shifts, and climate change. Governments have a critical role in facilitating this transition by providing support, knowledge, incentives, and a conducive environment for innovation and technology adoption in the agricultural sector.

Trade-off between greenhouse gas emission tax and paddy production

Trade-off between greenhouse gas emission tax and paddy production

FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF SELECTED PADDY INNOVATIONS AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN MVOMERO DISTRICT, TANZANIA

Adoption of paddy innovations is important for production and productivity but there has been low or non adoption at different places in Tanzania. Despite this adoption of innovations has not been convincing. This research was conducted in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania to determine the extent of adoption of innovations in paddy production and analyzed factors influencing this adoption. A cross-sectional research design was adopted and 299 respondents were sampled using simple random technique. Data were collected using questionnaire, in-depth interviews, field observation and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate factors influencing adoption of innovations. The study concludes that, it is difficult for a smallholder paddy farmer to attain full adoption of an innovation package which composes several practices in it as it become complex to follow. Extension programmes including trainings on introduced innovations and regular visits are important for adoption of paddy innovations to rural farmers. Markets availability is an opportunity which motivates farmers to adopt paddy innovations. Therefore, farmers should be well-informed of the markets by the extension and marketing officers.

Profitability of Paddy Production Under Irrigated Ecology Across North Eastern Ghat Agro climatic Zone of Odisha

Profitability of Paddy Production Under Irrigated Ecology Across North Eastern Ghat Agro climatic Zone of Odisha

Rice Value Chain Analysis: Rice Seed Production as a Profitable Agribusiness in Nueva Ecija

This study explored the rice value chain (RVC) in Nueva Ecija, value additions, found restrictions, and offered to upgrade solutions to improve the competitiveness of the rice industry and specific segments in the RVC using the value chain analysis (VCA) methodology. Farmers, paddy dealers, millers, wholesalers, wholesaler-retailers, and retailers in Nueva Ecija provided primary data. Workshops with stakeholders were also held to validate preliminary findings and identify upgrading strategies. The RVC begins with the provision of inputs for paddy production and concludes with the consumption of milled rice. The RVC is dominated by a traditional multi-layered supply chain with interconnected chain actors consisting of competing farmers, paddy traders, millers, and rice traders in each segment and, frequently, with the involvement of brokers in both paddy aggregation and rice distribution, thereby increasing marketing cost. The major constraints identified in the RVC included high production and marketing costs of paddy and rice due to low yield, high labor and material inputs, and a lack of critical infrastructure and market facilities (e.g., modern mills, dryers, cheap transport, and energy), resulting in high domestic paddy and rice prices and low competitiveness of the entire rice VC. To improve competitiveness, the rice industry should focus on developing and promoting yield-increasing, postharvest loss-reducing, and cost-cutting technologies, as well as those that improve overall RVC efficiency, such as investments in enabling infrastructure and facilities for transport, handling, storage, drying, and milling.

A Study on “Idealogical Model for Integrated Fish Farming” at Siddipet, Telangana State

Azolla is used as feed for fish, poultry, piggery, and used as manure in paddy. The spirulina is used as feed for fish, which has high protein value. Products from poultry and duckery manure gets utilized in fish production and also used as fertilizer in paddy. Meat, eggs and feathers gets exported for the preparation of cocks. Eggs from poultry and duckery get utilized in minute value as a feed. Pig manure is used as a fish feed and as a fertilizer in paddy. Antibiotics such as “INSULIN” can be obtained from pancreas of pig. Products from paddy such as rice bran are used as a feed for fish. The contaminated water from the pond gets utilized for paddy production so that we can produce pest free rice (organic rice) . All the crops are integrated with each other. The feed is prepared with the products in the farm

REVIEWING FOOD SECURITY ON PADDY PRODUCTION: A CONCEPTUAL PAPER

This study examines the literature on food security concerning paddy production, focusing on food security indicators to overcome food insecurity and lower paddy productivity. The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of the development of the conceptual framework for food security in paddy production and grasping the problems in paddy production and its impact on food security. The review indicates the flow from the national level to individuals may get information on food security challenges, with a particular emphasis on our staple foods, while also protecting the environment to achieve sustainable development. In addition, the key concerns and strategic initiatives of food security as a field and future research directions are discussed. Finally, the food security indicators for sustainable development goals were briefly reviewed.

Impact of Variation in Monsoonal Rainfall and Temperature on Paddy Production and its Adaptive Strategies: A Case Study from Bhaktapur District of Nepal

This study was carried out to assess the impact of climate change on paddy yield in Bhaktapur, Nepal. The study compared the summer rainfall variability, summer temperature variability, and farmers' perception of rainfall and temperature changes over a 30-year period. A household survey of 420 houses was conducted to collect information supplemented by meteorological data from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DoHM). Following this, significant increases and decreases in temperature and rainfall were observed on annual and seasonal time scales, respectively. The obtained result shows the annual precipitation trend of the study area is increasing at a rate of 0.24 mm yr-1. The linear trend analysis of the pre-monsoon indicates that the rainfall is increasing at the rate of 0.18 mm yr-1 and the monsoon shows the rainfall is increasing at the rate of 0.57 mm yr-1, whereas the post-monsoon rainfall is decreasing at the rate of 0.02 mm yr-1. The biggest changes in precipitation were observed during the monsoon season. The monsoon precipitation trend in the time series was found to be increasing at a rate of 0.57 mm yr-1. This variation in monsoon rainfall is clearly unfavorable for the agriculture system of the study area. When these recent changes in the temperature and precipitation were compared over 30-year time series data from the weather station, it is apparent that the climate of the study area exhibits fluctuation over time, many of the changes being very erratic. As per the data, all kinds of temperatures are being increased annually. According to the linear trend shown below, average annual temperature, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature are increasing at rates of 0.038°C yr-1, 0.054°C yr-1, and 0.021°C yr-1, respectively. The results show that future climate change in Nepal, including higher temperatures and erratic rainfall, might have a negative impact on paddy productivity and yield in the study area.

Impact of Paddy (Oryza sativa L) Production Technologies Advised by the KVK Jammikunta in Karimnagar District of Telangana State, India

The present paper highlights the impact of paddy production technologies in terms of adoption quotient, productivity and profitability in Karimnagar district of Telangana State (Formerly Andhra Pradesh). High impact in terms of adoption quotient, productivity and profitability of paddy production technologies is observed among the KVK Jammikunta adopted farmers compared to the non adopted farmers.

Analisis Penawaran Padi di Provinsi Bali

Analysis of paddy Supply in Bali Province
 The agricultural sector, especially the food crops sub-sector, has an important rolein meeting the needs of carbohydrates and as a source of nutrition for sustainability human life. One of the main food crops consumed in Indonesia is paddy. Therefore, paddy should be a commodity that is of concern because it relates to the needs of many people. However, the Province of Bali has not yet become an area food self-sufficient because their paddy production from year to year actually suffers decline, thus affecting the supply of paddy. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence supply in the Province of Bali and to determine the level of sensitivity (elasticity) of paddy supply in Bali Province. Research method using quantitative data with secondary data sources time series (14 years). Data collection using recording techniques and also document review. Data analysis study used multiple linear regression analysis to determine the factors that affect the supply of paddy in the Province of Bali and the elasticity of the supply of paddy in the Province Bali. The results show the amount of production in the previous year, the harvested area in the previous year, the price of corn in the previous year, the price of soybeans inpreviously, the price of urea fertilizer in the previous year jointly affected on rice supply in Bali Province. While the amount of production in previously, individually significantly influenced paddy supply in Bali Province. The value of elasticity of paddy supply in Bali Province for the variable amount of paddy production inthe previous year, the harvested area in the previous year was inelastic, the price of corn in the previous year, the price of soybeans in the previous year, urea fertilizer in the year of planting is inelastic.

An evaluation of paddy production policies in Sri Lanka: 1998 to 2018

An evaluation of paddy production policies in Sri Lanka: 1998 to 2018

Identification of Unhealthy Leaves in Paddy by using Computer Vision based Deep Learning Model

India is one of the leading productions of Paddy. Compared to previous year Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Export rate of Paddy in the year 2021 has increased to around 33%. Paddy is the Major food production crop in India. Every crop is prone to many diseases throughout their lifespan. The disease can affect the crop at any stage of their growing phase. Early detection of disease is the only solution to reduce the damage. Early detection may reduce the damage caused and increase the quality as well as quantity of Production. Major disease which causes more damage in paddy production is Rice Blast, Brown Spot, Sheath Blight, Sheath Rot and False Smut. Early detection of these diseases can reduce the damage and increase the production value. Recent technology of computer vision and by using Deep learning model can accurately predict and diagnose the early symptom of diseases. We used Convolutional Neural Network classifier of deep learning model to predict the early symptom of disease in paddy. We compared four main classifier VGG16, VGG19, Inception-V3 and ResNet50, among these four Inception-V3 achieved a highest accuracy of 95.3%.

Zero-tillage Technology and Farm Profits: A Case Study of Wheat Growers in the Rice Zone of Punjab

The rice-wheat cropping zone of Punjab is the main producer of high-valued and fine quality basmati rice in Pakistan. The rice produced in this area is famous for its grain length and aromatic characteristics. Being an important export item, rice contributes significantly to the national foreign exchange earnings. Wheat is the other major crop of the rice-wheat system and being the staple food is central to national agricultural policies. Rice is grown on a vast area in this zone during Kharif mostly followed by wheat in the Rabi season. Studies have shown that a large gap exists between the potential and yields actually realised by the wheat growers of the area [Byerlee, et al. (1984); Hobbs (1985) and Sheikh, et al. (2000)]. Farmers’ practices regarding land preparation for paddy, wheat planting time, and other conflicts endogenous to the rice-wheat based cropping system were identified as the major factors limiting wheat yield in the area. The flooded and puddled soils that are well suited for paddy production as compared to well-drained conditions required for wheat is such an example of the system conflicts.

Productivity and Profitability of Major Crops Cultivated under Mono-cropping vis-à-vis Diversified Conditions in India

Crop diversification suggests the cultivation of more than one crop simultaneously on farmland through efficient utilization of available resources for better returns on the one hand and biodiversity conservation on the other. The present study was undertaken to study the effect of crop diversification on the productivity and profitability of major crops of Punjab and Haryana, for which 100 respondents were interviewed from each state. It was evident that diversification led to a remarkable increase in productivity of paddy and wheat crops by 8.55 and 6.06 per cent in Punjab, while for Haryana, the respective gains were to the tune of 7.30 and 5.33 per cent. Therefore, diversification can be sought to increase the productivity and profitability of the farmers in Punjab and Haryana.

Farm Level Environmental Efficiency in Summer Paddy Production and its Determinants: A Study of the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam

The study estimates the farm-level environmental efficiency of 432 summer paddy farmers of the Brahmaputra valley of Assam using the translog stochastic frontier analysis. The estimates showed that the mean environmental efficiency for pesticides (0.423) was lower than the joint environmental efficiency for chemical fertilisers and pesticides (0.639). Again, the truncated regression model results indicated that education level, farming experience and access to extension services positively, and access to credit and engagement in tenancy negatively affected the environmental efficiency of the farmers. Therefore, access to extension services, the education level of the farmers and access to the credit needs improvement to increase the environmental efficiency at the farm level.

How System of Rice Intensification Conserve Resources, Benefits Environment and Resilient to Climate Change

Conventional paddy production is the world’s largest single consumer of water and uses 34-43% of the total world’s irrigation water or 24-30% of the total world’s freshwater withdrawals. Water scarcity constrains agricultural production, particularly for rice, one of the most important global food crops. Adopting a system of rice intensification (SRI) can raise yields and income while using lesser water and other inputs. Additional benefits of SRI are diminished greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, less runoff water pollution, and greater climate resilience. Changes in crop and water management practices for growing rice offer improvement in food security, could conserve resources, benefits the environment, and be adaptable to climate change. Evidence to support these facts is discussed here in this paper.