Paddy Field Area Research Articles

Groundwater hydrodynamic behaviours based on water table levels to identify natural and anthropic controlling factors in the Piedmont Plain (Italy).

Water table level monitoring and analysis are among the tools available to identify variations in the quantitative state of groundwater. Moreover, these levels highlight the response of groundwater to climate change and other global change drivers, including land use changes. In this study, water table level (37 monitoring wells) and rainfall (30 rain gauges) data analyses were performed in an alluvial unconfined aquifer in the Piedmont Plain (NW Italy) for the 2002-2017 period. The aim of this study was to identify possible trends in the time series and classify the groundwater hydrodynamic behaviours, as well as their spatial distributions and the main drivers of change in the plain. Moreover, two different sub-periods (2002-2008 and 2009-2017), which were identified with a change point analysis, were analysed to highlight possible variations in the groundwater hydrodynamic behaviours. The results of this study highlighted the lack of a trend in the rainfall time series, while a trend was detected for the water table. To explain this inconsistency, water table behaviours were analysed during the year, highlighting different groundwater hydrodynamic behaviours. Over time, the groundwater hydrodynamic behaviour generally showed the dependence of the water table level on rainfall occurrence. This correlation was also underscored by analysing the standardised anomalies of rainfall and groundwater levels. A different behaviour was observed in the paddy field areas, where the main driver of water level modification is the agricultural technique of rice cultivation. Furthermore, a reduction in the maximum water table level period was observed in 2009-2017 in this area. More specifically, the high water table period passes from 4 to 3 months, which could be the result of changes in irrigation methods. In this study, by analysing the present resource status, a first step is made to obtain future insights into flow dynamics and trends in storage.

FARMING IN FISHING COMMUNITIES IN JAPAN CASE STUDY IN THE SANRIKU REGION

Farming in fishing communities has been little investigated in Japan up to now. Agriculture and fisheries are sectionalized and treated as different industries, and the farming situations in fishing households have not been studied statistically since 2003. For this paper, the ways in which farming in Japanese fishing communities has changed was investigated. Farming in fishing communities will be described, looking at cases from the Sanriku region, and the meaning of farming in fishing communities will be explored. According to the fisheries census, 68% of fishing households owned farmland in 1953. In 2003, only 11% of fishing households were also engaged in farming (hereinafter referred to as fishing-cum-farming households). In the Sanriku region, fishing-cum-farming households were more than 80% of farming households in 1968. By 2003, the percentages had decreased to 15% and below. For fishing-cum-farming households, whether one owns paddy fields or not is significant because rice has been the dominant staple food in Japan. It was fortunate for fishermen to live in communities where paddies could be cultivated, but paddy fields were owned by a limited number of households. The total area of paddy fields increased as the northern limit of paddy production was extended.

Analysis of Land Use in Jining City

Jining City is a typical area with complex and diverse landforms, developed water systems and rich mineral resources. Research on its land use changes will be of great significance in terms of sustainable development and ecological protection. This paper is based on the four LANDSAT remote sensing image data in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, using RS, GIS, mathematical statistics and other methods, mainly analyze the land use of Jining City from 2000 to 2015 from three aspects: land use structure, land use characteristics and problems, land use area and structure changes. The results show that: (1) Jining City has the largest area of dry land, which is widely distributed in various regions; followed by construction land, water, grass, woodland, paddy field, and unutilized land. (2) The land use characteristics of Jining City are: high arable land rate, high land utilization rate, large proportion of water area, abundant surface water resources, and obvious regional differences in land use; the problems are that the land use structure is unreasonable, per capita land resources are few, and the contradiction between people and land has become increasingly prominent. (3) On the whole, land use changes in Jining City are relatively complex. The town house area has been showing an increasing trend; the grass area has shown a continuous decreasing trend; the fluctuations of dry land, paddy field, woodland, house-site in the countryside, water, and unutilized land area fluctuations are obvious. During the 15 years from 2000 to 2015, the largest change in the land use structure of Jining City was town house, followed by paddy field, house-site in the countryside, dry land, grass, woodland, unutilized land, and water. The area of town house, dry land, forest land, and water has increased, while the area of paddy field, house-site in the countryside, grass, and unutilized land has decreased.

Optimizing agricultural land area to increase productivity for anticipating decreasing irrigation water supply

In order to maintain food security in Indonesia it is very necessary to organize the provision of irrigation water as well as possible. Current surface water discharge conditions have decreased compared to 10 years ago so that there really must be efficiency and wise efforts in the provision of irrigation water in paddy fields. Many efforts to increase the productivity of paddy fields and one of them is by optimizing the area of paddy fields and regulating cropping patterns in the paddy fields. In the initial stage of this study an analysis of the availability of surface water discharge was then analyzed for irrigation water requirements that could be given to each paddy field in accordance with a predetermined cropping pattern. Then a land area simulation is carried out to obtain the most optimal land area. This simulation is carried out in the conditions of the wet season, the normal season and the dry season. Simulations are carried out with various cropping patterns including rice, secondary crops and sugar cane. Simulation results show that the most optimal land area is in the wet season, then the normal season and the dry season.

Use of WLC (Weighted Linear Combination) to Determine Land Priorities for Development of Paddy Fields in Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia

Gorontalo Regency has the largest paddy field area in Gorontalo province. The increase in population and the high demand for land for the construction of residential areas, trade areas and services, and the construction of accessibility will put great pressure on paddy fields. Uncontrolled conversion of paddy fields causes a decrease in paddy fields. Paddy fields as a rice-producing container should be maintained and protected so that the paddy needs in Gorontalo Regency are still fulfilled. Optimization of paddy fields needs to be done by the Gorontalo Regency government as an effort to increase the area of paddy fields. This study aims to determine priority lands for the development of paddy fields in Gorontalo Regency. Determination of priority land for growing wetland uses using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method based on geographic information systems (GIS). The parameters used consist of driving factors and inhibiting factors. Types of land use that have land rent are forests, shrubs and moor. The criteria that influence the development of paddy field use are the distance from the paddy fields, the distance from the bush, the distance from the moor, the distance from the river and the distance from the small road. Land that has a high priority for the development of paddy land use is 6,656 ha (3.01%), medium priority land is 4,721 ha (2.16%), low priority land is 4,671 ha (2.14%) and very low priority land for development in paddy field use is 202,155 ha (92.68%).

Agricultural drought monitoring based on vegetation health index in East Java Indonesia using MODIS Satellite Data

Agriculture is among the most vulnerable of all sectors to drought. Droughts cause serious effects on the agricultural sector due to its heavy dependence on rainfall. In the present work, we use the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) of MODIS Data as drought indices to monitoring the drought over East Java, Indonesia. VHI is computed based on the vegetation index and land surface temperature which are very important satellite products for drought monitoring with remote sensing. VHI describes vegetation health from the combination of TCI VCI. Based on VHI monitoring drought area distribution increase 3.69% in period 2017-2018. The highest distribution of drought area occurs in July to October. Average distribution of drought area is 22.24% in 2017, and 25.93% in 2018 from total wide 1.174,586 km2 of paddy field area. Based on VHI value in 2017 to 2018 the drought maps in agricultural area of East Java were dominated by moderate drought.

Quantification of agricultural land balance sheet of Purworejo District in 2009 and 2018

Some districts in Central Java have problems regarding the shrinkage of agricultural land area and a high decrease in the number of farm households. The increase in population and economic development is one reason for the increased demand for land to convert agricultural land. The faster rate of land use change can affect the conditions of domestic food availability in an area, so it is important to quantify the area of agricultural land to monitor changes in land area. This research aims to calculate changes in agricultural land area through the balance of agricultural land resources. This research was conducted with quantitative methods and analyzed descriptively and spatially. Agricultural land is calculated using the land resource balance through a skronto table in 2009 and 2018. The results show that a decrease in area is more dominant than an increase in land area. The largest decrease in total land area occurred in tegal/farm area of 21.12 % and paddy field area of 3.43 % of the previous area. Spatially, changes of land area influenced by land conversion with two factors, namely physical condition and accessibility of the area.

Study for the method for Estimating the Paddy Field area in North Korea using Sentinel 1

Study for the method for Estimating the Paddy Field area in North Korea using Sentinel 1

Identification of Paddy Stubble Burnt Activities Using Temporal Class-Based Sensor-Independent Indices Database: Modified Possibilistic Fuzzy Classification Approach

In this study, temporal multispectral Sentinel-2A/B data have been used for identification of burnt paddy field using temporal Class-Based Sensor-Independent Indices Database using modified possibilitic fuzzy classification approach. The practice of stubble burning was found in Patiala site of Punjab State, and it was analysed and detected in temporal dataset of Sentinel 2A/B from 30 Sep 2018 to 19 Nov 2018. The result showed that stubble burning was started in a more frequent way from 20 Oct 2018 to 19 Nov 2018. The maximum stubble burnt was identified between 30 Oct 2018 and 19 Nov 2018. Stubble burnt paddy field area can be used in further estimation of pollution inlet to the atmosphere.

Kebijakan Pengembangan Budidaya Tanaman Bambu untuk Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan DAS Aesesa Flores

The existence of Aesesa Flores (AF) watershed is very important for people in Ngada and Nagekeo Regency of Flores island. The AF watershed provides water, land use, economic and other environmental services. However, the excessive exploitation is a major threat for the existence of the AF watershed. The degradation of the AF watershed function such as reduction in river debit, increase of critical land, land use change as well as the problem of poverty. The upstream area is intended as a conservation area where Watu Ata nature preservation park is located, the bamboo forest and Bajawa as the capital city of Ngada Regency. The downstream area is not only as capital city of Nageko Regency but also as paddy field area. One of the activity to improve the watershed function is through a comprehensive and sustainable management policy design based on characteristics and carrying capacity of the AF watershed. This research was conducted in April-May 2018 and the the purpose of the study is to analyzed key factors and establishing an alternative for sustainable management policy development of AF watershed using a prospective method. This study using mainly primary data obtained from the seven local experts through the filling of the questionnaire. The result shows that there are 22 attribute factors and it identified as 10 key factors. The main two key factors are bamboo cultivation, processing technology of bamboo, enlargement of bamboo cultivation area and practicing the soil and water conservation technique. The 10 key factors then become input for designing the management policy of AF watershed. Bamboo become the dominant and key factor because bamboo could be developed into biomass energy plant and it serves social, economic and ecological values for the local people of Ngada and Nagekeo Regency. Bamboo cultivation has a good prospect financially for the local people.

Assessing the potential impacts of climate and population change on land-use changes projected to 2100 in Japan

CR Climate Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials CR 79:139-149 (2019) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01580 Assessing the potential impacts of climate and population change on land-use changes projected to 2100 in Japan Tomohiro Fujita1,*, Toshinori Ariga1, Haruka Ohashi2, Yasuaki Hijioka1, Keita Fukasawa3 1Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan 2Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan 3Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan *Corresponding author: fujita.tomohiro@nies.go.jp ABSTRACT: Projecting land-use changes can help with identifying potential threats to biodiversity and ecosystem function, thus mitigating impacts on human livelihoods. We examined changes in 6 land-use categories in Japan: paddy fields, croplands, forests, wastelands, built-up areas, and other artificial land cover. Land-use changes were projected to the year 2100 while considering effects from climate and population change. We developed regression models to project proportional changes in land-use areas using predictors derived from a previous dataset. Using these models, we projected future trends of each land-use type under alternative climate and population change scenarios. Our results revealed that, in Japan, climate change is likely to have a greater impact on croplands, forests, and wastelands, whereas population change has more influence on paddy fields, built-up areas, and other artificial land cover. For example, proportional changes in forest area did not vary much among population change scenarios but differed substantially among climate change scenarios. In contrast, proportional changes in the areas of paddy fields did not vary much among climate change scenarios but differed greatly among population change scenarios. Our results also indicated that land-use changes can vary by region. Although the total area of paddy fields decreased nationally by the year 2100, paddy field area was projected to increase in Hokkaido, especially under the scenario of high greenhouse gas emissions (an increase of 2228 km2, +95.7%). Our study confirms that climate and population change will affect future land-use changes in Japan. KEY WORDS: Demographics · Random forest · Land-use change · Paddy · Biodiversity Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Fujita T, Ariga T, Ohashi H, Hijioka Y, Fukasawa K (2019) Assessing the potential impacts of climate and population change on land-use changes projected to 2100 in Japan. Clim Res 79:139-149. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01580 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in CR Vol. 79, No. 2. Online publication date: December 05, 2019 Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572 Copyright © 2019 Inter-Research.

The land-based paddy food sufficiency model in Cirebon Regency West Java Province, Indonesia

Cirebon Regency, which is one of rice production centers in West Java Province, has experienced the conversion of paddy fields to non-agricultural land. The conversion caused the decline in rice production, which automatically reduces its contribution to West Java Province. The objective of this research is to build a paddy food sufficiency model as a direction to develop food sufficiency in Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Secondary data used were sourced from various reports and documents of relevant time series from several authorities, while primary data were obtained from research in the area. The model uses a dynamic system approach. The results of the study showed that in 2031, area of paddy fields which should be protected increased, the number of farmers decreases, food sufficiency decreases, the area of paddy fields decreases, and farmers’ income increases. The application of moderate or optimistic scenarios can reduce the area of paddy fields which should be protected, increasing food sufficiency as well as farmer’s income. The spatial analysis results in land which is suitable and available which can be defined to become sustainable food agriculture land through a review process of the official spatial land-use plan.

Spatial modeling of paddy fields in Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia

Gorontalo Regency has the largest paddy field area in Gorontalo Province. But until now paddy fields in Gorontalo Regency continue to experience conversion. Protection of paddy fields is very important so that the rice needs are still fulfilled so as to realize food sovereignty. The objective of this research is to compile the spatial model of paddy fields in Gorontalo Regency in 2015-2035. The method used is a Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Cellular Automata (CA), and uses thematic accuracy tests for model validation. The results of the validation of the spatial model of paddy fields in Gorontalo Regency have a good level of accuracy, so that the scenarios built can be accepted. Based on scenario 1, paddy fields in 2015-2035 experienced significant conversions despite the increase in paddy fields in other places. The policy intervention built on scenario 2 shows that conversion of paddy fields in 2015-2035 can be slightly suppressed, but the area of paddy fields is still decreasing. The policy intervention built on scenario 3 shows that most of the conversion of paddy fields in 2015-2035 can be reduced so that the area of paddy fields can increase.

Mapping of tenure status of paddy field and their relation to rice farming

Some important government programs, such as Sustainable Agriculture Food Protection, in its implementation need to be supported by tenure status of paddy field map. High resolution satellite imagery is data source that can be used for mapping of that data. The rice is a staple food for Indonesian people, however the conversion of paddy field into built-up area increase due to population growth and economic activity. This study aims to map the tenure status of paddy field and rice farming. Mapping of the tenure status is based on paddy fields parcel resulting from visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery and field verification. The tenure status of paddy fields were obtained from fieldwork with the census method on each parcel. Analysis of rice farming was assessed based on the area and tenure status of paddy fields. The results showed that the mapping accuracy of the parcel number was 96.72%. The spatial pattern of parcel based on owner and sharecropping categories show all have cluster patterns (NNI <1). Rice farming of paddy managed by owner or sharecropping are both still feasible (R/C ratio> 1) and the highest profit is >2 hectare, but those managed by owner is more profitable (R2 = 0.71).

Analysis of Factors that Influence the production of wetland rice in Banten Province

Banten Province has a harvested area of paddy fields on the 2017 year of 415,687 ha and production of 2,369,731 tons of milled dry grain (MDG). The objectives of this study are: 1) Knowing the condition of wetland rice farming in Banten Province, 2) Knowing the factors that influence the production of wetland rice in Banten Province, 3) Knowing the efficiency of the use of production inputs. The sampling method used purposive sampling with 123 respondents. The analytical method used multiple linear of Cobb Douglas production functions and descriptive analysis. The results of the study are: 1) Rice paddy farming in Rainy Season (RS) 2017/2018 has a B/C ratio of 1.7. The productivity of paddy rice is 5.91 tons harvested dry grain (HDG)/ha. 2) Significant factors affecting the production of paddy rice in RS 2017/2018 are The amount of use of solid organic fertilizer, The amount of solid herbicide use, The amount of use of human labor rent, and the arable land area, 3). The cumulative elasticity is 0.97, is inelastic, meaning that the addition of 1% of the production factor will increase production by 0.97% or decreasing return to scale. So rice farming is relatively inefficient.

Spatial Dynamics of Agricultural Lands in Regions with High Pressure Land Use Change (Case Study of Purwakarta Regency)

Land use changes are so prevalent in almost all regions in Indonesia, including in Purwakarta Regency. Purwakarta Regency is located between Jakarta City as the capital city of Indonesia and Bandung City as the provincial capital of West Java. The conversion of agricultural were due to the pressures from other land uses. Agricultural land use changes certainly have implications for microclimate changes. The objectives of this study were to analyse changes in paddy fields due to the pressure from other land use conversion and to formulate solutions for land conversion control policy. The study was conducted in Purwakarta Regency, including the Citarum watershed area. The studied area has a total of 62,398 ha out of the total 97,172 ha of the whole Purwakarta. The study used the Spatial Dynamics Analysis approach with Powersim Studio and IDRISI to predict the land changes in the year 2030. The simulation showed that paddy field areas decreased to 36.07 % from 20,394 ha in 2012 to 13,036.90 ha in 2030. On the contary, residential areas increased as much as 105.94 % from 5,418.44 ha in 2012 to 11,158.7 ha in 2030. The loss of paddy fields totalling to 8,668.21 ha from 2009 to 2030, has implications on the microclimate changes with the economic value of environmental services, in particular prevention of an increase temperature, of IDR 2,812,240,804,033.00. Policies are needed to clearly define the spatial land use with regional regulations to control paddy fields conversion, implement Sustainable Food Crop Areas owned by the government with farmer empowerment and develop derivative products by utilising the wastes.

Prediction of Surface Runoff and Erosion by Hydrological SWAT Model in Sumpur Watershed, West Sumatra

Sumpur Watershed is 15,478 hectares in West Sumatra Province is one of Watershed priority. Located of the slope of Mount. Merapi is a complex area with various type of landuse and flows to Techtronic Lake Singkarak. The purpose of the study are predict of surface runoff and erosion by hydrology model SWAT to find impact of land use change on hydrology response. Land use change in watershed in dominated by decreasing of paddy field area area in 10 years the forest is reduced by about 2672 Ha, while the agricultural field cover for 10 years increased by 2334 Ha. The decreasing of forest area is about 128 hectares. Impact of land use change the impact of this land change increases surface flow by 18.2 mm/year while the base flow becomes reduced by 17.6 mm/year. The land use change also increased loading sediment about 6.2 Ton/ha/years. Whereas the mudflow watershed flows to the lake Singkarak whose water is used for electricity generation.

The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on arsenic accumulation and the growth of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.).

Large areas of paddy fields in southern China have been contaminated by arsenic (As), which causes serious problems such as the reduction of grain yield and high As concentrations in brown rice. To test the possibility of using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to promote rice growth and decrease As accumulation in brown rice in such paddy fields, three As-resistant PGPRs (strains S6, S7 and S10) were isolated and incorporated into two rice cultivars (Zhendao 14 and Jianyou G2) grown in different environments. The results showed that all PGPRs promoted rice growth (grain yield increased by 10.50-51.30% under greenhouse conditions and by 4.83-9.16% in paddy fields) and reduced As damage in rice. Specifically, S10 decreased As accumulation in brown rice in both greenhouse (3.50-26.01%) and paddy-field conditions (9.26-10.50%) by significantly reducing the available As concentration in rhizospheric soil, especially in the Dabaoshan-B field (34.00%). Conversely, in greenhouse condition, strains S6 and S7 increased As concentrations by 6.10-20.10% and 2.14-14.60%, respectively. Our results suggested that PGPR inoculation could be used to decrease As accumulation and promote rice growth in As-contaminated paddy fields. However, as the effects of PGPRs differed by strain and depended on environmental factors, careful selection of the strains and environmental conditions, and pre-testing, will be essential before applying PGPRs to As-contaminated paddy fields.

PENERAPAN BUDIDAYA PADI DENGAN METODE SRI (SISTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION) DI DESA PATEMON KECAMATAN BOJONGSARI KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA

Patemon Village is located in the District of Bojongsari, Purbalingga Regency, approximately 17 Km from the General Soedirman University Campus with a total of 528 Family Heads and a population of 4350 people. The livelihoods of the population are mostly farmers. Agricultural potential of Patemon Village, Bojongsari Subdistrict includes: rice, corn, soybeans and cassava. The area of paddy fields in this village reaches 128,000 ha but unfortunately its productivity is still relatively low. This is because farmers are still implementing conventional cultivation systems and lack of knowledge about integrated crop management. This activity aims to provide knowledge and examples of alternative rice cultivation methods, namely rice farming using the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method with the application of straw compost and vegetable pesticides. This activity involved the target audience, namely the Warakan Tani farmer group in Patemon Village, Bojongsari District and agricultural instructors in Bojongsari sub-district. The methods used in this activity are: 1. Direct extension activities to farmer groups 2. Direct practice / rice cultivation demonstration plot using SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method or making demonstration plots. The evaluation design is in the form of providing pre-test before the extension activity begins and post-test after the extension activity begins, this is intended to determine the extent of farmers' understanding of the SRI method.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Teknologi dan Sosial Budaya yang Mengancam Keberlanjutan Kemandirian Pangan Pokok di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Sustainability of food self-sufficiency in the West Java Province experiences strong pressure along with increasing economic development, the process of urbanization, population growth and the effects of climate change. The objective of this study is to identify technological and socio-cultural factors that can threatening the sustainability of food self-sufficiency in West Java Province. This study uses multidimensional scaling analysis to assess the sustainability index and status and supported by a descriptive analysis of key factors that can provide inhibiting factors for the sustainability of food self-sufficiency. The results of the analysis describe that the ecological, economic and institutional aspects have sufficient influence on sustainability in food self-sufficiency, while the socio-cultural aspects and aspects of technology provide less sustainable effects in supporting the sustainability of food self-sufficiency. Factors in the use of certified seeds, area of paddy fields and irrigated rice fields, use of tools and machines for rice production and rice cropping indexes are key factors in technological aspects that can be a threat to the sustainability of food self-sufficiency. While the threat to the sustainability of food self-sufficiency in the socio-cultural aspects come from the factor of the number of workers in the food crops sub-sector, the pattern of consumption of carbohydrate food in the community and the distribution of rice. Governance of these key factors is key in developing sustainability of food self-sufficiency in West Java Province.