Packed-bed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Research Articles

Drastically Increase in Atomic Nitrogen Production Depending on the Dielectric Constant of Beads Filled in the Discharge Space.

Nitrogen activation, especially dissociation (production of atomic nitrogen), is a key step for efficient nitrogen fixation, such as nitrogen reduction to produce ammonia. Nitrogen reduction reactions using water as a direct hydrogen source have been studied by many researchers as a green ammonia process. We studied the reaction mechanism and found that the nitrogen reduction could be significantly improved via efficient production of atomic nitrogen through electric discharge. In the present study, we focused on packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (PbDBD) using dielectric beads as the packing material. The experimental results showed that more atomic nitrogen was produced in the nitrogen activation by the discharge in which the discharge space was filled with the dielectric beads than in the nitrogen activation by the discharge without using the dielectric beads. Then, it was clarified that the amount of atomic nitrogen increased as the dielectric constant of the beads to be filled increased, and the amount of atomic nitrogen produced increased up to 13.48 times. Based on the results, we attempted ammonia synthesis using water as a direct hydrogen source with the efficiently generated atomic nitrogen. When the atomic nitrogen gas generated by the PbDBD was sprayed onto the surface of the water phase and subsequently reacted as a plasma/liquid interfacial reaction, the nitrogen fixation rate increased by 7.26-fold compared to that when using the discharge without dielectric beads, and the ammonia production selectivity increased to 83.7%.

Experimental study on the parameter optimization and application of a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor in diesel particulate filter regeneration

To compensate for the shortcomings of the thermal and catalytic regeneration of the diesel particulate filter (DPF), a self-designed packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor for DPF regeneration was developed. The DBD reactor with the main active substance of nonthermal plasma (NTP) as the target parameter was optimized by adjusting the feed gas, packing particles (material or size), and cooling water temperature. Moreover, a set of optimal working parameters (gas source, O2; packing particles, 1.2–1.4 mm ZrO2; and cooling water temperature, 20 °C) was selected to evaluate the effect of different O3 concentrations on DPF regeneration. The research results showed that selecting packing particles with high dielectric constant and large particles, as well as reducing the cooling water temperature, with oxygen as the feed gas, contributed to an increase in O3 concentration. During DPF regeneration, the following changes were observed: the power of the NTP reactor decreased to lower than 100 W, the O3 concentration increased from 15 g m−3 to 45 g m−3, the CO and CO2 volume fractions of the particulate matter decomposition products increased, and the peak regeneration temperature increased to 173.4 °C. The peak temperature arrival time was 60 min earlier, indicating that the regeneration rate of DPF increased with the increase in O3 concentration. However, the O3 utilization rate (the amount of carbon deposit removed per unit volume O3) initially increased and then decreased; when the O3 concentration was set to 25 g m−3, the highest O3 utilization rate was reached. The packed-bed DBD technology contributed to the increase in the concentration of NTP active substances and the regeneration efficiency of DPF. It provides a theoretical and experimental basis for high-efficiency regeneration of DPF at low temperatures (<200 °C).

Plasma-enhanced N2 fixation in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor: effect of packing materials

The effect of Al2O3 and BaTiO3 packing on the plasma-enhanced NO x synthesis from air was investigated in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The discharge characteristics are significantly influenced by packing different materials into the discharge gap. Compared with the DBD without packing, the presence of Al2O3 or BaTiO3 beads in the discharge effectively enhanced the charge accumulation, average electric field, and mean electron energy, all of which contribute to the enhanced production of NO x . The lowest energy consumption of 15.9 MJ mol−1 for NO x production was achieved when placing BaTiO3 beads in the DBD, which can be attributed to the increased mean electron energy using the BaTiO3 packing, facilitating the formation of more N2 excited species in the reaction. These results suggest that choosing proper packing materials can effectively reduce the energy cost for plasma NO x synthesis using DBD.

The effect of TiO2 coatings on the formation of ozone and nitrogen oxides in non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma

The use of photocatalytic materials in plasma systems has the potential to enhance the selectivity and yield of desired products. However, the surface interaction between the photocatalyst and plasma is a complex process that is not well understood. This work presents a comprehensive study of the effects of combining titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts with non-thermal atmospheric pressure nitrogen-oxygen plasmas, which increases the production of ozone and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) while limiting the formation of harmful nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) by products. TiO2 coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering onto barium titanate (BaTiO3) particulates for use within a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD). The presence of titanium dioxide can affect the plasma chemistry in the DBD by acting as a sink for atomic oxygen, through photocatalytic formation of superoxide anion radical (O2-), and alteration of the dielectric constant of the BaTiO3 particulates. This work explains the complex interaction of these effects on oxygen and nitrogen plasma chemistry. The effect of the photocatalyst surface properties, gas composition and residence time on the reaction pathways for the formation of ozone and nitrogen oxides (NxOy) were investigated. The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide was improved by annealing the coated surface, and was subsequently found to enable the formation of ozone, increase the formation of N2O5 while significantly decreasing the formation of harmful NO2 and N2O with a residence time of 0.011 s

Performance study on simultaneous tar removal and bio-syngas methanation by combining catalysis with nonthermal plasma

In this work, simultaneous toluene removal and syngas methanation using the combination of packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge and Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were conducted with the research object of simulated gasification gas (SGG) containing toluene. The effects of reaction temperature, H2/CO ratio and H2O addition on the reaction performances of both toluene removal and SGG methanation were investigated. The results show that high-efficiency simultaneous toluene removal and SGG methanation can be achieved at 400°C under plasma catalysis treatment. When the H2/CO is 3.2, the toluene removal rate and the tar removal rate are close to 100% and 97%, the CO conversion rate and CH4 selectivity approach about 88% and 97%, and the energy efficiencies in toluene removal and SGG methanation processes can reach 9.7 g/(kW·h) and 17.3 mol/(kW·h). Both the high H2/CO ratio and the H2O addition can promote toluene removal and SGG methanation, and reduce the amount of carbon deposition but increase its graphitized degree. Moreover, high H2/CO ratio can rise the heating value of SGG and achieve higher energy efficiencies in both toluene removal and SGG methanation processes, while the H2O addition is difficult to obtain high CH4 selectivity to increase the heating value and is not conducive to the promotion of energy efficiency in SGG methanation process. In addition, for these two simultaneous processes, the SGG methanation process exerts a significant inhibiting effect on toluene removal, but process of toluene removal has less influence on the other process due to the lower concentration of toluene.

Ozone generation enhanced by silica catalyst in packed-bed DBD reactor

In this paper, three dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configurations, which were plain DBD with no packing, DBD with packed pure quartz fibers and DBD with packed loaded quartz fibers, were employed to investigate the effect and catalytic mechanism of catalyst materials in a packed-bed ozone generator. From the experimental results, it was clear that the DBD configuration with packed pure fibers and packed loaded fibers promotes ozone generation. For the packed-bed reactor, ozone concentration and ozone yield were enhanced by an increase of electric field in the discharge gap with the packed-bed effect. Meanwhile, the enhancement of ozone concentration and yield for the DBD reactor packed by loaded fibers with silica nanoparticles was due to the catalysis of silica nanoparticles on the fiber surface. The adsorption of silica nanoparticles on the fiber surface can prolong the retention time of active species and enhance surface reactions.

Burst mode in a cooled packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor for CO2 splitting * *(A manuscript offered to ‘ Plasma Research Express ’).

The so called ‘burst mode’, a rapidly pulsed power regime for dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) has previously been reported to greatly improve the performance of an uncooled and unpacked DBD reactor for CO2 splitting. Here we explore the interaction between a DBD in burst mode and each of active cooling and a dielectric packing material (1.0–1.2 mm glass beads) in a coaxial, metal-dielectric DBD reactor for CO2 splitting. The effect of burst mode on CO2 conversion and energy efficiency under different combinations of cooling and packing were investigated and compared with those under continuous wave mode operation. The burst mode operation showed similar CO2 conversion and energy efficiency to continuous wave mode in the unpacked and uncooled configuration under the conditions investigated in this study. However, burst mode significantly outperformed continuous wave mode in the packed and uncooled configuration. When active cooling was employed, burst mode was found to provide only minor benefit or no benefit, depending on specific energy input (SEI), compared to continuous wave mode for each the packed and unpacked configurations. Maximum conversion and energy efficiency were achieved with both packing and active cooling across all SEI examined, and performance in this configuration was found to be relatively insensitive to the power delivery mode.

CO2 conversion promoted by potassium intercalated g-C3N4 catalyst in DBD plasma system

The direct conversion of CO2 to CO and O2 has attracted extensive attention as CO is a key C1 feedstock for chemical synthesis. The CO2 conversion promoted by γ-Al2O3 supported potassium intercalated g-C3N4 (KuCN/AO) catalyst in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system was investigated. A coaxial cylinder DBD plasma reactor was used with Cu powder as the high voltage electrode. Reactor temperature showed converse effect on CO2 conversion. As the reactor temperature decreased from 120 ℃ to 50 ℃, CO2 conversion rate and energy efficiency both increased by ca. 50%. After the catalyst was filled into the discharge area, the discharge mode changed from filamentary discharge to the combination of filamentary-surface discharge. The morphology and structure of KuCN was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS. KuCN kept a porous structure and K element distributed uniformly between CN interlayer spacing. In KuCN/AO assisted DBD plasma system, the highest CO2 conversion rate, CO yield and energy efficiency were increased from 11.1%, 10.0% and 9.41% to 19.3%, 18.1% and 20.6% compared with pure DBD/γ-Al2O3 system, respectively. The main mechanism of KuCN assisted enhancing CO2 conversion in packed-bed DBD reactor was analyzed. The larger specific surface area, layers bridging and charge redistribution enabled KuCN/AO to obtain good plasma-catalytic CO2 conversion performance.

Plasma propagation in a single bead DBD reactor at different dielectric constants: insights from fluid modelling

Packed bed dielectric barrier discharge (PB-DBD) plasma reactors are very promising for various plasma catalysis applications, but the exact mechanisms of plasma–catalyst interaction are far from understood, because the plasma discharge and catalyst/packing properties are mutually dependent. To better understand the effect of packing dielectric material on the electrical plasma properties, we study here a single bead DBD plasma reactor operating in dry air, with beads of different dielectric constant and for different applied voltages, by means of fluid modelling validated by optical imaging experiments. Our study reveals that the plasma in the single bead DBD reactor can manifest itself in two different modalities, i.e. (a) polar discharges at the bead poles in contact with the electrodes, and (b) a streamer discharge caused by surface ionization waves, which bridges the gas gap. Beads with high dielectric constant result in localised electric field enhancement and hence yield a reduction of the applied voltage required for plasma production. At low applied voltage, the discharge appears as polar discharges between the bead and the electrodes, and upon higher voltage it undergoes a transition into a bridging streamer discharge. The transition voltage to the streamer mode rises for beads with higher dielectric constant. These observations are important for plasma catalysis applications. A higher dielectric constant yields a higher electric field and thus higher average electron energy and density, giving rise to more reactive species, but it also yields a confined discharge near the contact points of packing beads, limiting the interaction area between the catalyst and the active plasma species. In addition, our model reveals that the dielectric bead behaves as a capacitor and traps charges, which can explain the significant occurrence of partial discharging in PB-DBDs and non-parallelogram shaped Lissajous plots. Hence, equivalent circuit modelling of PB-DBDs should take into account the role of packing beads in charge trapping as a capacitor.

Numerical analysis of nitrogen fixation by nanosecond pulse plasma

Nonthermal plasma (NTP) provides a novel approach to developing renewable and efficient nitrogen fixation (NF) technology. However, the efficiency optimization of NTP-assisted NF (NTP-NF) remains challenging due to the elusive ultra-fast plasma process, especially in packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (PB-DBD). Our work presents a unique view on how to optimize the efficiency of NTP-NF based on precise studies of plasma dynamics and chemistry by developing a novel nanosecond pulse driving PB-DBD model. 2D plasma dynamics show that the plasma propagates in the form of surface ionization waves coupled with filamentary micro-discharge. Electron heating by high instantaneously applied power determines the development of ionization waves and NO production. Plasma chemistry shows that selectively enhancing the energy of electronically excited dissociation to produce N* is the most efficient way to increase the production of NO.

Probing the impact of material properties of core-shell SiO2@TiO2 spheres on the plasma-catalytic CO2 dissociation using a packed bed DBD plasma reactor

Plasma catalysis, a promising technology for conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals near room temperature, is gaining increasing interest. A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma has attracted attention due to its simple design and operation at near ambient conditions, ease to implement catalysts in the plasma zone and upscaling ability to industrial applications. To improve its main drawbacks, being relatively low conversion and energy efficiency, a packing material is used in the plasma discharge zone of the reactor, sometimes decorated by a catalytic material. Nevertheless, the extent to which different properties of the packing material influence plasma performance is still largely unexplored and unknown. In this study, the particular effect of synthesis induced differences in the morphology of a TiO2 shell covering a SiO2 core packing material on the plasma conversion of CO2 is studied. TiO2 has been successfully deposited around 1.6–1.8 mm sized SiO2 spheres by means of spray coating, starting from aqueous citratoperoxotitanate(IV) precursors. Parameters such as concentration of the Ti(IV) precursor solutions and addition of a binder were found to affect the shells’ properties and surface morphology and to have a major impact on the CO2 conversion in a packed bed DBD plasma reactor. Core-shell SiO2@TiO2 obtained from 0.25 M citratoperoxotitante(IV) precursors with the addition of a LUDOX binder showed the highest CO2 conversion 37.7% (at a space time of 70 s corresponding to an energy efficiency of 2%) and the highest energy efficiency of 4.8% (at a space time of 2.5 s corresponding to a conversion of 3%).

Plasma-Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis in a DBD Plasma: Role of Microdischarges and Their Afterglows

Plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis is receiving ever increasing attention, especially in packed bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors. The latter typically operate in the filamentary regi...

A comparison of in- and post-plasma catalysis for toluene abatement through continuous and sequential processes in dielectric barrier discharge reactors

In the non-thermal plasma catalysis system, VOCs degradation was significantly affected by the position of the catalyst, as well as operation mode. Hence, it is of great significance to evaluate the performance of In Plasma Catalysis (IPC) and Post Plasma Catalysis (PPC) systems for VOCs abatement using both continuous and sequential processes. Four packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) systems were used to degrade toluene with different catalysts under diverse voltages in this study. Results showed that the IPC mineralization rates were higher as compared to PPC, regardless of whether the continuous or sequential processes was used, and irrespective of the applied voltage and type of packed catalyst (e.g. 77.00% and 96.06% in SPPC and SIPC at 20 kV with Ag/ZSM-5 packed). However, PPC was superior to IPC in O3 and N2O reduction. As the applied voltage was raised, the mineralization rate in different reactors increased significantly, yet CO2 selectivity was insusceptible to voltage variation. NTP alone exhibited a mineralization rate and CO2 selectivity of 9.67%–22.62% and 53.85%–58.26%, respectively. While the mineralization rate and CO2 selectivity were remarkably improved with the presence of Ag/ZSM-5 (19.08%–41.59% and 93.99%–95.91% in CIPC). With respect to different catalysts investigated in this study, at 20 kV, Ag/ZSM-5 exhibited the highest mineralization rate - 96.06% in SIPC, and CO2 selectivity - 98.43% in SPPC; while the lowest concentrations of O3 (198 ppm) and N2O (8.01 ppm) were obtained in the Mn/ZSM-5 packed bed reactor. Possible reaction mechanisms were also proposed by analyzing the organic intermediates that were produced during continuous and sequential treatments, and remained in the adsorbents of IPC and PPC reactors.

Simple packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor for NOx treatment by an adsorption-discharge process without the aid of a solution and catalyst

NO2 adsorbed on activated carbon was decomposed efficiently by a simple packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor with a special electrode that could overcome the problems of the regeneration and desorption of NOx and the problems of residues of deeply adsorbed NO2 without a solution and catalyst at atmospheric pressure and relatively low temperatures. In addition, the heat derived from the plasma and plasma-catalytic reaction had a synergetic effect that could influence the decomposition of NOx adsorbed on the carbonaceous adsorbent. Consequently, almost 94% of the adsorbed NOx could be decomposed efficiently by dividing the outer electrode called the segmented threaded-electrode. This is a promising technology for NOx reduction to substitute for a selective catalytic reduction technology because plasma technology without the use of a chemical solution is eco-friendly.

Plasma Catalytic Conversion of CH4 to Alkanes, Olefins and H2 in a Packed Bed DBD Reactor

Methane is activated at ambient conditions in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor packed with Pd/γ-alumina catalyst containing different loadings of Pd (0.5, 1, 5 wt%). Results indicate that the presence of Pd on γ-alumina substantially abates the formation of deposits, leads to a notable increase in the production of alkanes and olefins and additionally improves the energy efficiency compared to those obtained for the non-packed reactor and the bare γ-alumina packed reactor. A low amount of Pd (0.5 and 1 wt%) favors achieving a higher production of olefins (mainly C2H4 and C3H6) and a higher yield of H2. Increasing Pd loading to 5 wt% promotes the interaction of H2 and olefins, which consequently intensifies the successive hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, thus incurring a higher production of alkanes (mainly C2H6 and C3H8). The substantial abatement of the deposits is ascribed to the role of Palladium in moderating the strength of the electric and shifting the reaction pathways, in the way that hydrogenation reactions of deposits’ precursors become faster than their deposition on the catalyst.

Promising Utilization of CO2 for Syngas Production over Mg2+- and Ce2+-Promoted Ni/γ-Al2O3 Assisted by Nonthermal Plasma.

Dry reforming of methane is conducted in a catalyst packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor aiming to improve the reaction efficiency. The MgO- and CeO2-promoted Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst is tested to carry out the reaction. An interesting observation is that Ni/MgO_Al2O3 integration provides ∼35 and 13% conversion of CH4 and CO2, respectively. The highest syngas ratio of 0.94 is obtained with Ni/MgO_Al2O3, whereas the ratio is only 0.57 with Ni/CeO2_Al2O3 and 0.64 with bare DBD. In addition, Ni/CeO2_Al2O3 offers the highest selectivity (68%) of CO due to the oxygen buffer property of CeO2. Finally, the optimal acid/base property is highly desirable for the dry reforming reaction.

Plasma-enhanced hydrolysis of urea and SCR of NOx over V2O5-MoO3/TiO2: Decrease of reaction temperature and increase of NOx conversion

Plasma-enhanced hydrolysis of urea and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx over V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 were studied by temperature-programmed experiments using a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor. Urea over TiO2 and V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 could be hydrolyzed at 110–250 °C to NH3 and CO2 with yields of 79.0%–83.6% and 83.8%–88.6%, respectively. The catalyst type and presence of O2 in the carrier gas hardly affected catalytic urea hydrolysis performance. Introducing plasma reduced urea hydrolysis temperature over V2O5-MoO3/TiO2, without changing NH3 yield under O2-free condition while reducing NH3 yield to lower values at higher discharge power under O2-containing condition. Urea hydrolysis and NOx conversion temperatures decreased and NOx conversion increased after introducing plasma into the urea-SCR process. The presence of NO in the feed gas hardly affected and reduced urea hydrolysis temperature in urea-SCR and plasma-enhanced urea-SCR process, respectively. 5% O2 in the reaction gas favored NOx conversion in urea-SCR regardless of the presence of plasma. In the plasma-enhanced O2-containing urea-SCR process, N(-III) species (urea, NH3 and HNCO) were predominantly consumed in the conversion of NOx rather than being oxidized by oxidative plasma species. Minor slip of HNCO was observed at low temperatures during urea hydrolysis and urea-SCR over V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 and low-concentration N2O was detected during plasma-enhanced urea hydrolysis and urea-SCR process. The BET surface area and TiO2 crystal structure of V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst remained unchanged after urea hydrolysis and NOx conversion reactions no matter plasma was introduced or not. Plasma enhanced the conversion of NOx partially by enriching the catalyst surface with adsorbed oxygen.

Impact of different packing beads methods for streamer generation and propagation in packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge

The combination of plasma and catalyst can better promote the gas reaction for plasma catalysis. We used a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model to study the relationship between plasma behavior and dielectric beads with five different packing beads methods in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge in nitrogen gas at atmospheric pressure. The electron density, electric field, excitation rate, and ionization rate are calculated with different packing beads methods. As a result, either a change of the bead size or removing one bead can induce distinct features for plasma formation and streamer propagation. The electric field is enhanced near the beads and plates, resulting in a large tangential component to the dielectric surface, which gives rise to surface ionization waves (SIWs). The plasma streamer is generated between bead 1 and 2, then propagates to bead 4 and develops itself by surface SIWs along the bead 4 surface, yielding highest and uniform plasma density there with five packing beads. A positive streamer is generated after removing bead 2, and a volume discharge is developed for removing bead 4, asymmetric SIWs are induced with a smaller size of bead 4 while it becomes almost symmetric with a larger size of bead 4 for removing bead 5. The uniform and maximum ionization rate take place on the bead 4 surface, indicating the importance of bead 4 for packing. Moreover, the SIWs and positive streamers give rise to the highest plasma concentration due to the maximum ionization rate on the surfaces of the beads.

Ammonia synthesis over γ-Al2O3 pellets in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor

In this work, ammonia (NH3) synthesis from N2 and H2 was carried out in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, while three kinds of commercial packing materials including acidic γ-Al2O3, alkaline γ-Al2O3 and neutral alumina pellets were employed. The effect of packing materials on plasma-assisted NH3 synthesis was investigated and compared with an unpacked DBD reactor. The results show that the presence of packing materials enhanced the plasma-assisted NH3 synthesis by 15.6% to 44.4% compared to the plasma reaction without a packing. The highest NH3 concentration of 1565.5 ppm was obtained over the alkaline γ-Al2O3 packed plasma reactor. The improvement of packing materials on plasma-assisted NH3 synthesis followed the order of alkaline γ-Al2O3 > neutral γ-Al2O3 > acidic γ-Al2O3 > blank tube only. A series of characterizations were performed to illustrate the structure-performance relationships between plasma-induced NH3 synthesis process and packing materials. The results showed that the basicity of the packing materials played an important role in the plasma-assisted NH3 synthesis process. The reaction mechanisms of NH3 synthesis in the packed-bed DBD reactor were also discussed.

Inactivation of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) by a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) is one of the most significant airborne viruses impacting the pork industry in the US. Non-thermal plasmas (NTPs) are electrical discharges comprised of reactive radicals and excited species that inactivate viruses and bacteria. Our previous experiments using a packed bed NTP reactor demonstrated effective inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 as a function of applied voltage and power. The present study examined the effectiveness of the same reactor in inactivating aerosolized PRRSv. A PRRSv solution containing ∼105 TCID50/ml of PRRSv VR2332 strain was aerosolized at 3 ml/min by an air-jet nebulizer and introduced into 5 or 12 cfm air flow followed by NTP exposure in the reactor. Twin impingers upstream and downstream of the reactor collected samples of the virus-laden air flow for subsequent TCID50 assay and qPCR analyses. An optical particle sizer measured upstream and downstream aerosol size distributions, giving estimates of aerosol filtration by the reactor. The results showed that PRRSv was inactivated to a similar degree as MS2 at the same conditions, with the maximum 1.3-log inactivation of PRRSv achieved at 20 kV and 12 cfm air flow rate. The results demonstrate the potential of properly optimized NTPs in controlling PRRSv transmission.