Package Shape Research Articles

Re-design of apple pia packaging using quality function deployment method

This study was aimed to identify the attributes for premium apple pia packaging, to determine the technical response to be carried out by Permata Agro Mandiri Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) and to design a new apple pie packaging acceptable by the SME. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method was employed to improve the apple pia packaging design, which consisted of seven stages in data analysis. The results indicated that whats attribute required by the costumers include graphic design, dimensions, capacity, shape, strength, and resistance of packaging. While, the technical responses to be conducted by the SMEs were as follows: attractive visual packaging designs, attractive colors, clear images and information, packaging size dimensions, a larger capacity packaging (more product content), ergonomic premium packaging, not easily torn, and impact resistant packaging materials. The findings further confirmed that the design of premium apple pia packaging accepted by the SMES was the one with the capacity of ten apple pia or 200 g weight, and with rectangular or beam shape form. The packaging material used was a duplex carton with 400 grammage (g/m2), the outer part of the packaging was coated with plastic and the inside was added with duplex carton. The acceptable packaging dimension was 30 cm x 5 cm x 3 cm (L x W x H) with a mix of black and yellow color in the graphical design.

Development of the method of constructing the graphic model of textile packages by experimental data

The object of research is methods for analyzing the geometric parameters of textile packages formatted on machines with separate processes of yarn formation and winding. One of the most problematic places for analyzing the deviation of the shape of packages from the required is a large amount of information about the coordinates of the points of the surface of the package obtained as a result of measurements. Elimination of this problem is possible due to the creation of a volumetric packing model that allows to visually assess the presence of defects on the package surface and carry out a subsequent quantitative analysis.In the course of the research, an experimental method is proposed for obtaining primary data characterizing the shape of individual meridional sections of the package. An experimental setup has been developed that makes it possible to obtain data and store it in digitized form, and a method for converting the data obtained into a volumetric geometric model of a textile package.It is established that the developed model allows to obtain a number of single indicators of deviation of the shape of the bobbins from the given one and further to work on the formation of a complex index for evaluating the quality of the bobbin shape. Complex evaluation of the quality of the package form can be obtained by the weighted average method. The average weighted index is constructed as a dependence, the arguments of which are single quality indicators and parameters of their weight.The estimation of applicability of the developed complex indicator for the analysis of the form of packages is carried out. To do this, the package lot analysis is carried out, which confirmed the reproducibility of the package shape analysis process with the help of the proposed complex indicator, as well as the correspondence of the estimates obtained by the proposed method to visual estimates.The method of complex quantitative evaluation of the form of packages, presented in this paper, allows to carry out optimization experiments and on their basis to assign such adjustable parameters of winding mechanisms that will allow to receive packages of the required quality. When developing new winding equipment, it will be possible to lay down the necessary mechanisms for regulating the winding process.

Cigarette flavors, package shape, and cigarette brand perceptions: an experiment among young Brazilian women.

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn 2012, a new Brazilian regulation prohibited the use of flavor additives in tobacco products. To better understand the potential impact of this regulation, this study examines how flavor descriptors on cigarette packaging influence brand perceptions among young Brazilian women.MethodsAn online cross-sectional experiment was conducted with Brazilian women aged 16–26 (N = 640: 182 smokers and 458 nonsmokers) who rated 10 cigarette packages from one of three conditions: 1) branded packs; 2) packs with the same size, shape, and verbal descriptions as in condition 1, but without brand imagery (i.e., “plain pack”); and 3) packs from condition 2 but without brand descriptors (i.e., “plain pack, no descriptors”). Mixed-effects linear regression models were utilized to determine what associations that pack features (i.e., experimental condition; flavor descriptor vs. not; slim pack vs. not) had with participant ratings of nine characteristics, including appeal, taste, smoothness, and attributes of people who smoke the brand.ResultsFlavored branded packs were rated as more appealing, better tasting, and smoother than flavored plain packs with descriptors. Compared to flavored plain packs with descriptors, the same packs without descriptors were rated less positively on eight of the nine characteristics. Compared to nonsusceptible nonsmokers, susceptible nonsmokers rated flavored packs more positively on eight of the nine characteristics. Slim packs were rated more positively than regular packs on eight of the nine characteristics.ConclusionsSlim packs and brands highlighting tobacco flavors appear to increase positive perceptions of tobacco products. Banning tobacco flavorings and slim packs may reduce the appeal of smoking for young Brazilian women, as well as for other vulnerable populations.

RESEARCH INTO THE DIFFERENTIATION OF PACKAGE DESIGN : Taste Synesthesia Induced by Packaging Shapes

RESEARCH INTO THE DIFFERENTIATION OF PACKAGE DESIGN : Taste Synesthesia Induced by Packaging Shapes

Toward the characterization of ‘toy-packaging’: an exploratory research

Owners of brands that target children are aware of the influence of packaging. Recently, managers of brands addressed to young consumers had made important decisions about all aspects of their offering, including package design. To attract young consumers, they integrate innovation in their designs: vivid colors, funny, and playful aspects, distinctive package shape and spokes-character. They conceived a new type of packaging called ‘Toy-packaging’. This research aims at investigating the influence of this new packaging on children’s perception.

Influence of packaging attributes on consumer evaluation of fresh cod

Packaging attributes have an important role in attracting consumer attention, creating expectations and influencing food choice. In this study, conjoint and cluster analysis were used to investigate the importance of visual attributes (packaging shape and colour) and informational attributes (freshness indicators, shelf life and freshness statements, convenience and taste information) for fresh cod. The consumer segments were profiled using individual consumer characteristics. A conjoint analysis of a nationwide representative sample of 503 Norwegian consumers revealed that the informational attributes were more important than the visual attributes. The most important factors for consumers when choosing cod fillets were two freshness attributes (with a total relative importance value of 45%). Cognitive freshness information was found to be more important than affective information. A cluster analysis of the part-worth utility scores revealed three clusters: packaging, quality and convenience. The packaging segment was the largest (with approximately 50% of the consumers) and the consumers in this segment preferred the visual attributes of shape and colour. The results of an ANOVA performed on the measurements of the individual characteristics revealed significant differences among the segment profiles. The findings of this study can be used by the seafood industry to design packaging for cod products that better match consumers’ needs and expectations.

Diagnosis and identification of key issues of usability for reducing medication errors

At a unit of a hospital in the Brazilian city of Florianopolis, from the diagnosis to the administration of medicines in the inpatient, usability problems like errors were detected in the flow of medication as well as problems of greater severity. This paper aims to perform a diagnosis of usability in the inpatient unit of a teaching hospital in Florianopolis in order to identify the main problems in the flow of medication. As a method, the authors used literature review, field visits, assessments of usability principles and determination of the severity of the problems found. The step of lowest usability was the preparation, followed by the steps of dispensation, administration and prescription. As for severity, the similarity of names, colors and shapes of packages of drugs was identified as the most problematic. Beside the problems that involves the health care professionals, the hospital has problems like the environment and the products, like the packaging of medications. The usability diagnosis can help find ways to make the flow of medication more efficient and safe. Keywords: design, usability, medication errors.

Analysis of errors of profile transformation scale

A necessity to improve the quality of textile products and reduce production costs associated with losses of raw materials in the processing requires the development of automated quality inspection systems for all steps of textile production. Promising is the use of contactless methods of nondestructive testing based on the methods of vision. The object of research is a device to inspect the shape of textile packages by shadow projection method for monitoring in real time. A series of experiments and theoretical research are conducted aimed at the study of structural parameters of the device to inspect the shape of the packing by the shadow projection method, providing the required accuracy. On the basis of the mutual arrangement of the structural elements of the light source, camera shutter and inspected bobbin, the impact of each of them on the scale transformation error for inspection of the package shape of cross winding is defined. This result allows to select the mutual arrangement of design elements and to set their permissible variations of devices to inspect the package shape of cross winding by the shadow projection method. Inspection of package shape in the process of their developments will prevent the formation of defective packages. It will increase a percentage of defect packages and the loss of raw material in the textile industry, which ultimately will raise its efficiency.

Can Consumers Judge Volume Accurately?: The Effect of Unusual Package Shape and Consumers' Arousal Level

Can Consumers Judge Volume Accurately?: The Effect of Unusual Package Shape and Consumers' Arousal Level

Quality Changes of Carrot Retort Products in a Large-scale Pouch During 52 Weeks of Storage Under Different Packaging Methods and Package Shapes

Quality Changes of Carrot Retort Products in a Large-scale Pouch During 52 Weeks of Storage Under Different Packaging Methods and Package Shapes

Signalling product healthiness through symbolic package cues: Effects of package shape and goal congruence on consumer behaviour

Three studies show that product packaging shape serves as a cue that communicates healthiness of food products. Inspired by embodiment accounts, we show that packaging that simulates a slim body shape acts as a symbolic cue for product healthiness (e.g., low in calories), as opposed to packaging that simulates a wide body shape. Furthermore, we show that the effect of slim package shape on consumer behaviour is goal dependent. Whereas simulation of a slim (vs. wide) body shape increases choice likelihood and product attitude when consumers have a health-relevant shopping goal, packaging shape does not affect these outcomes when consumers have a hedonic shopping goal. In Study 3, we adopt a realistic shopping paradigm using a shelf with authentic products, and find that a slim (as opposed to wide) package shape increases on-shelf product recognition and increases product attitude for healthy products. We discuss results and implications regarding product positioning and the packaging design process.

Modeling and analysis of traverse mechanism with eccentric gear and conjugated two-lobed non-circular gear

The most important performance requirement of a traverse mechanism is that the thickness of the silk package formed by the traverse mechanism is uniform or has little variation in the centre. To realize this requirement and overcome the structural shortcomings of traditional traverse mechanisms, a new kind of traverse mechanism is proposed in this paper. The proposed mechanism is characterized by a non-circular gear drive formed by an eccentric gear and a conjugated two-lobed non-circular gear. Its kinematic model is deduced, together with a calculation model for the formed shape of the silk package cross-section. Both of these models contain the influence caused by the shift motion. Based on these two models, a computer-aided analysis program for the traverse mechanism, using MATLAB, is developed and the influences of the mechanical parameters on the formed shape of the silk package are analyzed. Furthermore, the mechanical parameters based on the new traverse mechanism give a better performance when compared with the traditional mechanism.

Production of Active Packaging from Debris of Heliconia and Thai Herbs for Reducing Anthracnose Disease of Mango and Papaya

<p>A study of production of active packaging from debris of Heliconia and Thai herbs for reducing anthracnose disease of mango and papaya comprises four steps: 1) create mold for producing packaging 2) prepare pulp from agricultural waste, 3) produce active packaging, and 4) test of packaging efficiency to reduce anthracnose disease in mango and papaya. The study revealed that creating mold from white cement was easy and quick, and the mold was strong. Regarding the method to produce packaging, pouring of pulp onto muslin cloth in the mold did not give uniform thickness, whereas hand tapping of pulp into the mold offered uniform thickness but it took more time to do. However, the latter took only one day to dry while the first took 2-3 days. The packaging was less shrink by tapping than pouring method. The shape of packaging can well support mango and papaya fruits, and its strength and thickness was adjustable by the amount of pulp used. Heliconia pulp can be used to produce packaging and provided natural color as well as the identity of hand-made products which is free from harmful chemicals in the pulping process. The active packaging produced from Heliconia pulp and herbal extracts from galangal stem, kaffir lime leaves, cassia leaves and Plai essential oil was found to be effective in controlling anthracnose disease. The anthracnose lesions on mango fruits were smaller than those on papaya fruits.</p>

Assessing the influence of fuel geometrical shape on fire dynamics simulator (FDS) predictions for a large-scale heavy goods vehicle tunnel fire experiment

This paper uses four different simple geometrical shapes to simulate a large-scale heavy goods vehicle (HGV) tunnel fire experiment using Fire Dynamics Simulator, version 6 (FDS6) in order to investigate the influence of using different fuel package shapes. Simulations also investigate the influence on temperature profiles when a large target is placed downstream of the fuel package. Predictions of flame extension, temperature profiles and gas species concentrations are compared with the experimental data. The use of the geometrical shapes causes significant differences in flame extension lengths during the fully developed fire phase. The variation in temperature predictions caused by using the different fuel shapes are insignificant when a large target is present behind the fire, however this is not the case if the target is omitted especially during the fully developed phase.

The effect of package shape on calorie estimation

This research investigates how the shape of a package influences the estimation of calories. Study 1 shows that food in taller packages is perceived as having fewer calories than food in wider packages. Study 2 demonstrates that package shape has opposite effects on the estimations of calorie and volume: food in taller packages appears to have fewer calories but to be greater in volume than food in wider packages. Study 3 investigates the differences between the estimation processes for calorie and volume by manipulating the order of the two tasks. Finally, Study 4 shows that taller (vs. wider) packages increase the consumption of food when participants are mindful of calorie intake.

What’s in a name? The effects of sound symbolism and package shape on consumer responses to food products

In the global market, consumers are exposed to multiple brand names in unfamiliar languages. Even meaningless words can trigger certain semantic associations. This phenomenon is known as sound symbolism, i.e., the direct link between a sound and a meaning. Sound symbolism helps consumers to form product expectations based on unfamiliar brand names. Product expectations can be also formed based on various elements of packaging design, including colours, shapes and materials. This study investigated the effects of unfamiliar brand names (“Asahi” vs. “Ramune”), package shapes (round vs. angular) and product types (muesli cookie vs. butter cookie) varied in perceived healthiness (low vs. high) on perceived product healthfulness, product evaluation, taste expectations and purchase intention. General health interest (GHI) was used as the moderating variable. The results showed that package shape and product type significantly influenced the perceived product healthfulness of the two experimental products. Brand name alone did not affect consumer responses. However, the congruent combination of product shape and brand name (round “Ramune” cookie) was preferred to incongruent combinations. Furthermore, the congruent combinations (“Ramune” butter cookie and “Asahi” muesli cookie) were expected to taste better and were more likely to be purchased compared to incongruent combinations. These results suggest that congruency between the type of product, brand name, and package design is important for creating a successful brand strategy. The study also showed that the effects of sound symbolism and congruency on perceived product healthfulness are more pronounced for consumers with low interest in healthy eating. However, further research is needed to generalise our results to other product groups.

Non-destructive testing of stainless steel in high temperature using electromagnetic acoustic transducer

Stainless steel is widely used on the power station boiler and main steam piping, whose service temperature is generally between 300 and 650°C. Electromagnetic acoustic transducer is one of the most promising ultrasonic technologies to achieve the in-service non-destructive testing of the material and structure at high temperature. As the physical properties of the material change with temperature, ultrasonic testing signal also varies. The variations of the electromagnetic ultrasonic speed, signal amplitude and wave package shape with temperature were studied. The stainless steel of 304, 316, TP347H and aluminium were observed in the experiments. The results showed that the amplitudes and velocities of 304 and 316 stainless steel decreased monotonously as a function of temperature, while TP347H showed the opposite trend. The results imply that shear wave detection with electromagnetic acoustic transducer could be used efficiently below 500°C for the application of non-destructive testing at high temperature.

Influence of the shape on the consumers perception of the packaging attributes

Packaging for fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) demands constant attention in order to stay competitive in modern dynamic markets. FMCG consumers do not think about the purchasing product until they enter the place of purchase. This emphasizes importance of the communication in a place of purchase. Alongside promotional banners, displays and counters, packaging can be used for this purpose. While in-store promotional banners, displays and counters represent additional cost, the packaging as the integral part of the product can be used as an important marketing tool that does not add to product cost. Thus packaging becomes an important marketing tool that does not add to product cost. Marketers, distributors and researchers as well must take into consideration the complexity of consumer behaviour to achieve desired results. Alongside graphic design, material, colour, etc. packaging shape is considered as an important tool for product differentiation and promotion. Having this in mind, it is unclear why the influence of the packaging shape on the consumer remains the least examined of all packaging characteristics. The aim of this research is to understand the influence of packaging shape design on the consumer’s perception. The survey study conducted among the consumers of the fast moving consumer goods gave clear insight into the influence of packaging shape on the perception of packaging characteristics. The results can help to improve packaging shape design in order to achieve better market impact.

Multiphysics Modeling of Microwave Heating of a Frozen Heterogeneous Meal Rotating on a Turntable.

A 3-dimensional (3-D) multiphysics model was developed to understand the microwave heating process of a real heterogeneous food, multilayered frozen lasagna. Near-perfect 3-D geometries of food package and microwave oven were used. A multiphase porous media model combining the electromagnetic heat source with heat and mass transfer, and incorporating phase change of melting and evaporation was included in finite element model. Discrete rotation of food on the turntable was incorporated. The model simulated for 6 min of microwave cooking of a 450 g frozen lasagna kept at the center of the rotating turntable in a 1200 W domestic oven. Temperature-dependent dielectric and thermal properties of lasagna ingredients were measured and provided as inputs to the model. Simulated temperature profiles were compared with experimental temperature profiles obtained using a thermal imaging camera and fiber-optic sensors. The total moisture loss in lasagna was predicted and compared with the experimental moisture loss during cooking. The simulated spatial temperature patterns predicted at the top layer was in good agreement with the corresponding patterns observed in thermal images. Predicted point temperature profiles at 6 different locations within the meal were compared with experimental temperature profiles and root mean square error (RMSE) values ranged from 6.6 to 20.0 °C. The predicted total moisture loss matched well with an RMSE value of 0.54 g. Different layers of food components showed considerably different heating performance. Food product developers can use this model for designing food products by understanding the effect of thickness and order of each layer, and material properties of each layer, and packaging shape on cooking performance.

4분원 이미지 처리기법을 이용한 Type-I 원사 패키지 권취불량의 자동검출

c2015 The Korean Fiber Society Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) can enhance the performance of conventional fibers and the textile manufacturing process. In this work, an image-processing technique was adapted for the automatic inspection of the winding form of yarn packages, which is a critical factor for effective and seamless fiber/textile manufacturing. Raw images were dissected to quadrantal formats and then transformed to rectangular shapes for the ease of processing. Two parameters, fiber orientation angle and shape factor of the fiber orienting bounding box were proposed to filter out badly aligned fibers on the package surface. Various sizes and shapes of packages were used for verification of the proposed method.