Packaging Recycling Research Articles

Construction of Take-out Tableware Recycling System Based on Circular Economy Theory

With the rapid development of China’s takeaway industry, takeaway packaging waste is increasing day by day, and the environmental pollution problems caused by it cannot be ignored. In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by take-out packaging , improve the utilization rate of resources , and achieve sustainable development of the take-out industry , on the premise of analyzing the current status and problems of the recycling of overseas sales packaging , we try to construct take-out packaging based on the 3R principle of circular economy theory Recycling system , and point out some basic conditions and guarantee measures that the packaging recycling system needs to meet in order to maximize the economic and social benefits of take-out packaging recycling .The first section in your paper

Polymer packaging materials - friend or foe of the Circular Economy

Plastic packaging is a product of shortterm use and becomes waste aft er use. For most packages made of homogeneous polymeric material, there is no problem with their recycling. The packaging used for food packaging and storage, for example, multilayer foils, considerably reduces food losses. However, due to their complex multipolymer structure, it is signifi cantly more diffi cult to recycle it. Currently, in this case there are almost no technologies that are eff ective enough to be both costeff ective for recyclers and not burden the environment. Leading companies from the plastics industry in cooperation with food and packaging producers are working on solutions that will improve the suitability for recycling of multi-layer packaging while maintaining high level of food protection. Huge hopes are connected with nanotechnology and nanomaterials that enter the packaging market, mainly nanocomposites, and particularly ideally, if it would be biodegradable bionanocomposites. However, new packaging materials based on nanocomposites are bringing potentially new problems for recycling. The paper presents the issues related to meeting the requirements of Circular Economy by multilayered packaging materials based on traditional polymers and alternative materials of the new generation introduced to the packaging market.

Green Manufacturing Strategy of E-Commerce Express Packaging in China

With the development of electronic business, the increase in express packages has caused innumerable express packaging wastes that lead to many problems, such as resource waste and environmental pollution. To achieve sustainable development, China should urgently develop green manufacturing of green express packaging. A questionnaire is designed to investigate consumers, e-commerce sellers, and express delivery practitioners from three research dimensions, namely, overpackaging, green packaging materials, and express packaging recycling. The six key factors uncovered with gray relational analysis are the lax supervision of express packaging; the shortage of green packaging materials and professional Research and Development (R&D) personnel; the recycling of express packaging; the lack of industry standards, laws, and regulations; materials for express packaging; and diversified difficulties of recovery. Then, green manufacturing countermeasures for developing green express packaging are proposed using Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch (TRIZ). Strengthening the supervision of packaging and formulating plans for green talent training are necessary in the short term. In the medium term, focus should be on the monitoring of programs and R&D support for enterprises. For the long-term strategy, concerned establishments and/or authorities must retain professionals, raise public awareness of environmental protection, and establish a standardized recycling system. TRIZ improvement strategy can be introduced into the green manufacturing of green express packaging to increase the possibility of successful and sustainable development of the use of green express packaging.

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ ЗАМКНУТОГО ЦИКЛА

The article discusses the basic principles of the implementation of the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy model. The article summarizes the existing problems that require solutions to create new jobs, increase economic growth, and create a balance between the economy, environment and population. The authors present examples of building a circular economy model in foreign countries. The importance of the tasks of implementing and promoting the circular economy was revealed, thanks to the involvement of all participants in the society in this process and the motivation for companies and investors. Effective tools for moving society towards a resource-efficient closed-cycle economy, increasing energy efficiency, energy conservation and reducing the energy intensity of the gross domestic product, due to the entry into a competitive level of renewable energy sources are investigated. The introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in automated accounting of resource consumption, as well as the improvement of accounting rules will create opportunities for the end user to manage resource consumption taking into account the principles of a circular economy. The authors' study emphasizes that circular economy products and services should minimize resource use and promote reuse, recovery and recycling of materials in the future, leveraging existing product policy instruments, further support for the repair sector, improved design for reuse, and high-quality packaging recycling. The authors in the article propose to legislate the subsidizing of enterprises participating in the circular chain and subsidizing innovative developments in the field of the circular economy in the Russian Federation.

Dow, RB and Drukpol. Flexo develop recyclable packaging for Finish dishwasher detergents

Dow, RB and Drukpol. Flexo develop recyclable packaging for Finish dishwasher detergents

Considering JIT in Assigning Task for Return Vehicle in Green Supply Chain

The purpose of this study was to achieve supply chain sustainability by considering Just in Time (JIT) in return vehicle usage. In response to a general increase in modern environmental awareness, consumer and government attention towards product and service compliance with environmental protection standards has increased. Consequently, manufacturers and stakeholders are pressured to use eco-friendly supply chains. In this paper, we analyzed the JIT model, a transportation network that ensure agile responses and delivery of goods in a supply chain, which reduces inventory costs. We then compared two return vehicle transportation scenarios. In the first, goods were transported from the central warehouse to the distribution base, and the return vehicle delivered recyclable packaging materials back to the central distribution warehouse. In the second scenario, goods were transported from the manufacturer to the distribution center (warehouse) more frequently, leading to reduced inventory. We then utilized the aforementioned JIT system with ILOG CPLEX12.4 to ascertain which scenario would produce the lowest carbon emissions for the lowest total cost.

Creating the Habit of Recycling in Early Childhood: A Sustainable Practice in Spain

Early childhood education on sustainability has been an issue of high relevance in the last decade. In Spain, many different efforts have been made to increase children’s knowledge, skills, and awareness related to sustainability issues. However, uncertainty about the effectiveness of education on sustainable development exists. This research reports on an exploratory study organized by the association that promotes aluminum packaging recycling in Spain (Arpal). Seven teachers were trained on sustainability in general and on aluminum packaging recycling in particular. These teachers defined and implemented a teaching unit with active learning activities that involved three preschools. Fifty-four children under 6 years of age, mainly 2 and 3 years old, along with their parents, participated in the teaching unit. Qualitative and quantitative methods (questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus groups) were carried out to assess the impact. The results proved that different partners, such as children, parents, teachers, managers, and associations, can work together with the common goal of improving education on sustainable development in early childhood, and all of them benefit from this collaboration. Moreover, this study confirmed that education on sustainability should be embedded in the daily routine of preschools. Furthermore, after the exploratory study, the teaching unit was implemented in 29 Andalusian preschools.

The impact of expanded polystyrene waste of different fineness on the properties of lightweight composite

Expanded polystyrene (EP) is widely used as a packaging material for many types of goods. However, once the material is used, it is disposed of in landfills, where it can remain intact for the lifetime of several generations. Recycling of disposed EP packaging is of high relevance worldwide. The main objective of this study is to make a more detailed research into the effect of EP aggregate waste of different fineness and shape on physical and mechanical properties of porous lightweight aggregates concrete (PLWAC) with EP waste aggregates. Tests were done with Portland cement, EP waste of different fractions, resulted from crushing (EPR) and cutting (EPU), metakaolin, superplasticizer and air entraining admixture. Six batches of PLWAC specimens were formed with different EPR/EPU ratios, ranging from 0.5 to 3.The change in EPR/EPU ratio in PLWAC leads to structural changes and density reduction from 550 to 410 kg/m3 after drying. When EPR/EPU ratio in the PLWAC is increased to 2, the compressive strength of the specimens drops from 2.3 to 1.75 MPa and down to 0.55 MPa, when EPR/EPU ratio is increased to 3.

The Situation with College Express Packaging Waste and Recycling Recommendations—Taking the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences as an Example

Questionnaires and interviews are employed in this paper to investigate and analyze the situation with respect to express packaging waste at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (GCASS). The survey results show that: (1) the campus receives a large number of express packages and there is, in turn, a considerable amount of packaging waste; (2) there are four main types of express packaging materials: paper packaging, plastic bags, wrapping tapes and package fillers; (3) neither the students nor the school perform well in the recycling of express packaging waste; (4) the samples investigated in this paper can be divided into four categories by cluster analysis, and the author infers from this that the colleges and universities with a large proportion of female students should pay more attention to the issue of recycling of express packaging waste. Several suggestions are presented based on the research results: (1) establishing a campus waste recycling system is the most efficient way to solve the problem of express packaging waste at GCASS; (2) we should advocate for green packaging and manage it from the source of waste generation because most of the express packaging material does not easily degrade naturally, and this represents a huge hidden danger to human health and the environment; (3) the school should cultivate student awareness of environmental protection. If education and penalties are implemented together, the recovery system will run better.

A Profound Analysis Of Consumers Insight On Green Marketing – An Emerging Conception

Green marketing is a marketing method of producing environmentally safe products. It is one of the most wanted concepts in today’s world. Green marketing is one of the newly focused impacts in business scenario today. It also involves developing and promoting the products that satisfy the customer’s wants, needs and desires in the aspect of quality, performance and pricing of the products. There it wide usage of technology which will be required to perform wide range of activities of Green marketing. In the race of earning profit there are large number of manufacturers are producing products and services using non recyclable packaging and using materials that are harmful to the environment. The Government has also taken initiative in making this concept as developed one in India. The main purpose of the study is to spread awareness and enumerate the scope of green marketing in India.

Decomposition of Packaging Materials and Recycling GaAs from Waste ICs by Hydrothermal Treatment

Integrated circuits (ICs) are widely used in all the electrical and electronic equipment, and the recycling technology of ICs has been poorly developed. This study proposes a promising process to d...

Research on customers’ willingness to participate in express package recycling

The rapid development of logistics and electronics industry has produced a large number of express packaging garbage, which is gradually destroying the environment and wasting resources, the implementation of express packaging recycling has become the key, but consumer participation in express packaging recycling intention is not strong. Based on the theory of planned behavior, social exchange, perceived trust and situational factors, this paper constructs a model of influencing factors of consumers’ willingness to participate in express packaging recycling, and makes an empirical analysis using structural equation model. The results show that recycling attitudes, perceived behavior control, perceived benefits, convenience and policy propaganda have a significant positive impact on consumers’ willingness to participate in express packaging recycling. Subjective norms, perceived trust and perceived benefits have a certain impact on recycling attitudes.

Acciones ambientales: Responsabilidad Social en MiPyMes

The attention to the environment is of global urgency and is a commitment of all sectors. The objective of this research is to identify the performance of the business sector regarding the care of the environment. Posing the following research question, what are the social actions carried out by companies with respect to their environment? A non-experimental study was carried out, corresponding to 88 MiPyMes of Cd. Obregón, Sonora. Applying questionnaire consisting of 18 questions, some of them with multiple choice, measured on a Likert scale from 1 to 5, divided into three Sections: I. Data of the person in charge of the business, II. General aspects of the company and, III. Environmental actions in the company. The results obtained show that although certain activities are already being carried out, there is still a lot of work to be done, in actions such as: use of ecological and / or recyclable packaging; adoption of measures regarding the design of ecological products and / or services; Consideration of programs for the use of alternative energies, and voluntary access to environmental regulations. The results obtained will allow designing programs, where entrepreneurs acquire knowledge, which will help them develop environmental strategies through social responsibility actions, generating added value to the same organization.

Shifting Towards Sustainable Tourism: Organizational and Financial Scenarios for Solid Waste Management in Tourism Destinations in Tunisia

Tourism in Tunisia generates large amounts of solid waste, especially during the summer, and doubles the amount in most big tourism cities like Hammamet, which makes its management more complicated. Municipalities lack the financial means to ensure sustainable solid waste management (SWM) in tourist areas and need an intervention from all actors to reduce financial and technical pressures and implement sustainable solutions. This paper presents a descriptive research method that focuses on an analysis of the current SWM concept in tourism areas in Tunisia and proposes new sustainable organizational and financial models. These are based on the collaboration of different stakeholders at both national and local levels; and supported by extending the responsibility of the producer through the creation of a new system operator to take charge of the organization and financing of packaging disposal and recycling activities. In addition, the extension of the recovered material for recycling through extended producer responsibility (EPR) could support the system. The performance of current SWM shows that it has failed to ensure the cleanliness of tourism destinations is sustainable. Tunisia generates 2.8 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW), between 20% to 30% of which are recyclable materials. The current system for packaging in Tunisia (ECO-Lef) only collected 3400 tons in 2018 compared to 15,800 tons in 2010, and the total recycling rate in the country does not exceed 5%, which makes the waste management system inefficient and unsustainable. Proposed solutions should be supported by legal and technical interventions, such as waste prevention, minimization, sorting at source, and the provision of education programs for citizens and tourism establishments.

The circular economy of LCD panel shipping in a packaging logistics system

In a circular economy, an enterprise should pursue long-term business and economic opportunities for environmental and societal benefits. One of the critical issues in industries with a circular economy is the development of the reverse logistics system for semi-finished product packaging and shipping. There are several challenges while designing this system; for example, the use of reusable semi-finished product shipping boxes and a logistics system for shipping the products and returning these boxes. In this research, under the context of global manufacturing, a logistics system for reusable semi-finished product packaging in LCD panel industry is studied. The cost models of semi-finished product packaging in a traditional logistics mode and a green logistics mode are introduced. In the green logistics mode, the shipping boxes are redesigned to be reusable and capable of accommodating multiple various-sized panels simultaneously. The cost models involve material cost, shipping, and recycling cost. The economic performances of the traditional and green logistics modes at different package recycling levels are analyzed. The results show that the total cost of the green logistics mode is beneficial, always lower than that of the traditional logistics mode, even at a low recycling rate (30%). In addition, in the green mode, the material cost of shipping boxes is the most influential sector of the total cost.

DEPOSIT REFUND SYSTEM FOR BEVERAGE CONTAINERS IN LATVIA: LEARNINGS WITHIN THE BALTIC STATES

INTRODUCTION
 One of the main global environmental problems we are facing is the increasing the amount of waste. There are numerous policy instruments used to reduce the environmental impact of packaging. Many EU member states use producer levies, packaging and resource taxes, deposit-refund systems and producer responsibility systems (Bailey, 2017; Watkins et al., 2017).
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
 In this article we conduct comparative analyses and evaluate the effectiveness of deposit-refund systems for beverage packaging in the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Data used in the study is obtained from statistical databases of the Central Statistical Bureau, Eurostat and Euromonitor, as well as from stakeholders of the deposit-refund system - beverage manufacturers, retailers and waste management organisations. When necessary data was not available, we made calculations and approximations using analogies with neighbouring countries, e.g. regarding the quantity of different kinds of beverage containers (plastics, glass, cans) delivered to the market, the average weight of containers, changing trends etc.
 RESULTS
 To stimulate the rate of beverage packaging collection and recycling, both Estonia (2005) and Lithuania (2016) have introduced deposit-refund systems. Both are mandatory centralized systems with collection rates over 90%. The strengths of the Estonian system are a result of sophisticated IT solutions, differentiated EAN coding logic, elasticity and good management. The Lithuanian system is one of the most technologically advanced systems. One of its positive features is the lease of taromats, reducing the upfront investment costs for retailers and producers.
 DISCUSSION
 Previous research shows that the introduction of a deposit-refund system increases the collection rate of beverage packaging (Dewey, Denslow, Chavez, Romero, & Holt, 2011; Lavee, 2010) but requires substantial organisational and financial resources. It is more economically viable to introduce a deposit system when separate waste collection system is already in place. The results of this study are similar.
 CONCLUSION
 
 Latvia needs a DRS in order to achieve PET goals and reduce environmental pollution;
 The required score and distribution is about the same
 A DRS has to be operated by a non-profit organisation consisting of manufacturers and retailers;
 The recommended deposit is 10 cents;
 Provision should be made for the inclusion of beverage cartons and alcoholic beverage bottles;
 Provision should be made for the inclusion of refillable glass bottles and jars.

Consumer packaging as a tool for social and ethical marketing

Producing consumer packaging, which would meet the modern requirements in a comprehensive manner, while ensuring the needs of a consumer, a manufacturer and society as a whole, is currently one of the most important issues. In the context of developing a socially responsible society, the transition from classical marketing schemes to the social and ethical marketing is important for producers. The article defines the features of consumer packaging as a marketing tool based on theoretical generalization and survey among the city of Lutsk residents. The author’s vision of the packaging strategy and the product strategy interaction in the context of socially oriented marketing is presented. The possible options of packaging recycling are outlined: use of returnable packaging; utilization of packaging and the use of appropriate materials that are subject to recycling; use of packaging for other purposes.

Management of aluminium packaging waste in selected European countries.

By the end of 2025, a minimum of 50% of aluminium packaging waste has to be recycled within the Member States of the European Union. Aluminium packaging can be recovered through different systems (separate collection, deposit refund systems, informal collection, treatment of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash or mechanical treatment of mixed municipal solid waste). The present article analysed if the agreed targets for the recycling and reuse of aluminium packaging are reasonable and realistic. To this end, the management of aluminium packaging in 16 selected European countries, yielding results for 11 countries, were investigated. The results show that six out of 11 countries recycle at least two-thirds of the aluminium packaging from MSW and only two report very low recycling rates of 20%. The overall recycling rate reported by the different countries cannot be directly linked to the system of recovery. Only the assertion that a deposit refund system together with selective collection leads to a higher overall collection rate seems permissible. This does not necessarily lead to a higher recycling rate as other countries with similarly high recycling rates make up for it with high amounts of aluminium recovered from bottom ash treatment. A direct comparison of the recycling rates within the European Union Member States, however, is problematic for several reasons, such as data that are often differently or incorrectly assigned, incomplete or rely on estimations and assumptions. The authors therefore propose a clearer assignment of the corresponding data and more extensive mandatory reporting on losses and shares of non-packaging, imported and exported waste.

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Research on Innovation and Application of Green Packaging Energy Saving Technology for E-commerce Logistics

In view of the current situation and problems of e-commerce logistics packaging, this paper proposes a green packaging solution for e-commerce logistics, promotes green packaging technology and product application, and innovates green logistics packaging management mode, standards first, and promotes recyclable packaging, reduce packaging and degradation of packaging and other green packaging technologies to promote the green development of logistics packaging.