Package Labeling Research Articles

Dangers of under-treatment and over-treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma.

Two children, both under the care of specialists for mild persistent asthma, flirted with mortality. One lost and one won the battle. A 16-year-old boy never received ICS therapy despite extensive airway inflammation and remodeling and died due to mismanagement of an asthma exacerbation. A 6-year-old girl developed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome during 18 months of continuous treatment with high, FDA-unapproved doses of both ICS and INCS and nearly died during an adrenal crisis. The role of ICS under-treatment and over-treatment and the possibility that recommendations in asthma guidelines and information in FDA package labels could have prevented both outcomes are explored.

System-Wide, Electronic Health Record-Based Medication Alerts for Appropriate Prescribing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

While direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have improved oral anticoagulation management, inappropriate prescribing remains prevalent and leads to adverse drug events. Antithrombotic stewardship programs seek to enhance DOAC prescribing but require scalable and sustainable strategies. We present a pilot, prescriber-level randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of electronic health record (EHR)-based medication alerts in a large health system. The pilot assessed prescriber responses to alerts for initial DOAC prescription errors (apixaban and rivaroxaban). A user-centered, multistage design process informed alert development, emphasizing clear indication, appropriate dosing based on renal function, and drug-drug interactions. Alerts appeared whenever a DOAC was being prescribed in a way that did not follow package label instructions. Clinician responses measured acceptability, accuracy, feasibility, and utilization of the alerts. The study ran from August 1, 2022, through April 30, 2023. Only 1 prescriber requested trial exclusion, demonstrating acceptability. The error rate for false alerts due to incomplete data was 6.6% (16/243). Two scenarios with alert design and/or execution errors occurred but were quickly identified and resolved, underlining the importance of a responsive quality assurance process in EHR-based interventions. Trial feasibility issues related to alert-data capture were identified and resolved. Trial feasibility was also assessed with balanced randomization of prescribers and the inclusion of various alerts across both medications. Assessing utilization, 34.2% (83/243) of the encounters (with 134 prescribers) led to a prescription change. The pilot implementation study demonstrated the acceptability, accuracy, feasibility, and estimates of the utilization of EHR-based medication alerts for DOAC prescriptions and successfully established just-in-time randomization of prescribing clinicians. This pilot study sets the stage for large-scale, randomized implementation evaluations of EHR-based alerts to improve medication safety. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05351749; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05351749.

PENERAPAN INOVASI DIGITAL PEMASARAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN OMZET PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA PKK KELURAHAN RAGUNAN

The background of this Community Service activity is that PKM partners of PKK cadres in Ragunan Village have several limitations in terms of identity, packaging and product marketing. For product identity, there is no logo (label) for packaging, so the product that has been made is less known. In addition, there is no safe packaging design for the delivery of business products sold. So far, sales have only been carried out through event bazaars around Ragunan village so that there is a lack of marketing networks. Limited sales range, and the target market is not wide and diverse, revenue or sales turnover does not increase. The purpose of this PKM activity is to expand market reach, build strong product appeal, increase sales turnover and increase economic independence. The method for this PKM activity is to provide socialization and training regarding new product logos for the packaging production process on packaging labels, packaging design for shipping packaging, socializing the e-commerce application that has been made to PKK cadres of Ragunan Village. Providing training in using e-commerce platforms to market their products. The targeted output is to create an online sales application (e-commerce) to be able to market the business products of PKK cadres in Ragunan Village widely. This community service reached the main conclusion that digital marketing strategies effectively help the economic empowerment of PKK cadres' households and this strategy shows positive results in increasing their economic independence and income.

Infection and infestation-related adverse events of biologics in psoriasis: insights from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)

ABSTRACT Objective The study aims to thoroughly assess the adverse events related to infections and infestations associated with biological agents used for psoriasis using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods We analyzed FAERS data from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023. The study included TNF-α inhibitors (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-12/23 inhibitors (ustekinumab), IL-23p19 inhibitors (guselkumab), and IL-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, ixekizumab). We used disproportionality analysis and Bayesian methods to quantify the related adverse event (AE) signals. Results Most AEs related to infections and infestations are already listed on the drug packaging labels. Notably, TNF-α inhibitors are associated with a significantly higher incidence of tuberculosis-related diseases compared to other biological agents. In contrast, IL-17 inhibitors show a greater variety and number of fungal infection-related AEs than their counterparts. Furthermore, our study has identified new potential AEs that require the attention of clinicians. Conclusion In clinical practice, it is advisable to monitor the risks of infections and infestations in patients receiving biological agents for psoriasis to enable early detection and intervention. Our findings highlight the need for further epidemiological investigations to establish causality and guide clinical practice in managing these risks effectively.

Rebranding and Digital Marketing of “Lejareh” Beverage at Ranting 'Aisyiyah Sidodadi

This community service aims to increase the competitiveness and sustainability of the Lejareh ‘Aisyiyah Beverage UMKM in Ranting ‘Aisyiyah Sidodadi, Candi, Sidoarjo through a product rebranding strategy. Lejareh drinks, which are local products based on natural ingredients, have great potential for further development to meet increasingly competitive market needs. Service activities include packaging improvements, upgrading packaging labels, as well as operating offline and digital marketing. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in brand image and market acceptance of the newly packaged product. Apart from that, knowledge of UMKM players regarding marketing strategies and business management has also increased. It is hoped that this positive impact can encourage local economic growth and strengthen the economic independence of the ‘Aisyiyah community in the Sidodadi area.

Risk Management in Production using Quality Risk Approach and FMEA

Abstract: The production process of 600ml AQUA at PT Tirta Investama (AQUA) Pandaan faces significant risks, including non-compliance with standards in bottle density, incorrect packaging labels, unreadable bottle codes, box failures, and barcode rework. These issues pose challenges in maintaining product quality and operational efficiency. Specific Background: With 247 bottles failing density standards and 18 packaging errors occurring daily, effective risk management is crucial. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not integrated Quality Risk Management (QRM) and Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) to address production risks in the context of AQUA's operations. Aims: This study aims to identify the highest critical risk points and propose mitigation strategies. Results: Utilizing QRM and FMECA, 42 risks were identified, categorized into 20 acceptable, 21 tolerable, and 1 unacceptable risk, specifically related to pallets stuck on conveyors due to substandard quality. Novelty: The application of these integrated methodologies provides a systematic approach to identifying and mitigating risks in the production process, highlighting the necessity for in-depth inspections by logistics and machine operators. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of rigorous quality control and proactive risk management in manufacturing to enhance product quality and minimize operational disruptions, thus ensuring customer satisfaction and competitiveness in the market. Highlights: Effective risk management is crucial to ensure product quality and operational efficiency. Integration of QRM and FMECA identifies critical risk points in the production process. Regular inspections and quality control can significantly reduce unacceptable risks. Keywords: Risk Management, Production Process, QRM, FMECA, AQUA

Effect of packaging label color on consumer perception of Greek protected designation of origin table olives "Kalamata".

Kalamata table olives are a widely exported Greek protected designation of origin (PDO) product with distinct organoleptic profile. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of label color on the flavor perception of pasteurized and unpasteurized Kalamata PDO olives. Consumer perception was assessed in two studies. First, four packaged products with green, blue, red, and purple labeling were assessed by participants (n=106) for preference using rating scales, and emotional profiles were obtained using a check-all-that-apply list of 33 emotions developed in language native to the participants (Greek). The green label resulted to more positive emotion profiling of olive products (i.e., "healthy," "pleased," and "satisfied" with mean scores correspondingly equal to 2.99, 2.95, and 2.87), and red labeled olives resulted to willingness to pay more. In the second study, unpasteurized and pasteurized olives in red and green labeled glass jars were sensorially assessed by participants (n=124) using rating scales, showing that green labeled products are liked most (mean scores; 5.12 and 5.12), whereas red labeled was scored less (mean scores; 4.96 and 4.67), along emotion profiles with emojis. Principal component analysis of emotional reactions revealed grouping of samples based only on pasteurization/no pasteurization, without been affected by the color of the label, and did not relate to the liking scores. The results showed that sensory perception of olives is significantly affected by the color of packaging (p-value <0.05) due to emotional reactions and color of packaging can enhance the perception of olives' quality as improvement of the processing is limited by the PDO status.

Increasing the Confidence of Local Brand Through Package Design and Information Label

Packaging design issues are rapidly gaining the attention of researchers as evidence indicates that most consumers are making choice decisions based on product package design. Furthermore, product information on packaging, such as ingredients and nutrition information, also increases consumers’ attention since consumers are concerned about healthy products. This study seeks to develop a theoretical model to show the effects of consumer attitudes toward visual food packaging and information labels on brand awareness and purchase intention. Six hundred fifty people completed a self-administered online questionnaire based on the literature. The empirical results show that attitudes toward visual packaging and information labels directly impact brand awareness and indirectly (through brand awareness) influence purchase intention. Surprisingly, the comparison between global and local brands shows no differentiation between global and local brands. It means the local brands can compete with the global brands. Additionally, this research indicated no differentiation between high and low business reputations. It implies that consumers in Indonesia have positive perceptions and the same favorability for any brand. This study provides managers with insights emphasizing the visual packaging design factors and informative labels to form consumers’ brand awareness and influence purchase intention.

Preparation and characterization of intelligent packaging labels based on pea starch, κ-carrageenan and black raspberry extract for monitoring freshness of pork

Intelligent biodegradable packaging has gained significant attention recently due to its great potential for food freshness monitoring. In this study, we developed intelligent labels using pea starch (PS), κ-carrageenan (KC) and black raspberry extract (BRE) and evaluated their physicochemical properties and effectiveness in pork freshness monitoring. Incorporation of KC significantly decreased tensile strength (TS) (33.43 to 19.84 MPa) and increased elongation at break (EAB) (6.26 to 7.41 %) and water vapor permeability (WVP) (2.11 to 2.48 × 10−9 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1) of PS label. Incorporation of BRE significantly decreased WVP (2.48 to 1.96 × 10−9 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1) and increased TS (19.84 to 29.68 MPa) and EAB (7.41 to 11.09 %) of PS-KC label. PS-KC-BRE labels showed increased light barrier performance, thermal stability, antioxidant activity, pH and ammonia sensitivities, and significant visible color change as pH indicators. Findings suggest PS-KC-BRE labels can be used as intelligent packaging in food industry.

The Return on Investment for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity in Beijing: A Modeling Study.

Background: The increasing prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity (CAOAO) in Beijing poses significant health and economic challenges. This study assesses the potential health and economic outcomes of implementing specific interventions to address CAOAO in Beijing. Methods: A deterministic Markov cohort model was used to estimate the impact of five interventions from 2025 to 2115: restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children, mandatory front of package labeling (FOPL), family-based nutrition and exercise education, school-based nutritional health education, and nutritional counseling in primary healthcare. The model evaluated societal costs, healthcare savings, wages, and economic productivity in adulthood, calculating the return on investment (ROI) for each intervention and their combined effect. Result: Without intervention, Beijing is projected to experience a loss of 13.4 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CAOAO. The health and economic impact of childhood obesity in Beijing is projected to be CNY 14.6 trillion (USD 2.1 trillion), or a lifetime loss of CNY 6.8 million (USD 0.96 million) per affected child, exceeding the sum of Beijing's GDP from 2021 to 2023. Restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children and nutrition counseling in primary healthcare are projected to yield the highest returns, with benefits accruing within one year of implementation. Owing to the substantial upfront costs, including personnel, materials, and training, school-based and family-based interventions require a longer time horizon to realize significant health and economic benefits. Conclusions: Effective management of CAOAO in Beijing demands a multifaceted approach. The combination of restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children, mandatory front of package labeling, nutrition counseling in primary healthcare, school-based intervention, and family-based intervention presents the most substantial health and economic returns. This comprehensive strategy aligns with global best practices and addresses the unique challenges faced by Beijing in combating childhood obesity.

Young Consumer’s Awareness on Food Packet Labeling in Rural Tamil Nadu – A Convergent Mixed Methods Study

Abstract Background: Food labeling is one medium by which consumers can acquire knowledge about the food they consider buying. This type of information is becoming increasingly important in a food market where direct contact with personnel over the counter is declining. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness on food packet labeling and to explore the contributing factors of food packet label awareness among college students in Villupuram district, rural Tamil Nadu. Methodology: The study was carried out among 113 college students studying in Government Arts and Science College, Thiruvennainallur village, located in Villupuram district. A convergent mixed methods study design was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was given to the students who participated in the National Nutrition Week awareness program. The questionnaire included variables such as checking for date of manufacturing, date of packaging, best-before date, storage conditions, lot number/code number/batch number, containing FSSAI code, and checking list of ingredients. In-depth interview was conducted among eight students who volunteered to explore the reasons for not checking food packet labels and solutions to improve the visibility of food package labeling. Categorical variables were summarized using percentages. Manual content analysis was done for in-depth interviews. Results: It was found that more than 90% of the study participants check for food packet labels, best-before dates, and date of packaging. However, more than half of the participants did not check for lot/code/batch number and storage conditions. The most common reason for not checking food labels was package-related factors such as font size very small, hidden, and hard to find and trust on brand and seller. The most common solution to improve the visibility of food labeling was increasing the font size and highlighting the important information. Conclusions: Our study highlights the level of awareness about food labels among youngsters and the solutions to improve the visibility of food labels. Need-based interventions have to be done to ensure the food safety of the consumers.

Awareness and Practices about Using Food Labeling among Adolescents in the City of Vijayapura, Karnataka

Abstract Background: Obesity among Indian adolescents is on the rise. Obesity among Indian adolescents is on the rise and unhealthy snacking habits, and consumption of processed and packaged foods are a major cause of it. Food labels on packets provide information on its contents; however, its awareness and use are to be evaluated. Methodology: A cross-sectional study among 206 adolescents of a 2 tier city in South India were administered questionnaire to assess their awareness and practice using food label information. Results: All the adolescents purchased packaged foods at least once during their school time, with chips/biscuits being the most commonly bought foods. About 86% of them were aware of food labels and only 57% knew about nutritional information. Endorsement by celebrity or peer approval made the nutritional claims more trustworthy. About half always read labels before buying, and “date of manufacture” or “date of expiry” was the most commonly read information. Conclusion: The awareness regarding food package labels is high among adolescents; however, their actual usage is low. There is a need to educate adolescents regarding food label use and study alternative methods to display label information effectively.

PENDAMPINGAN TEKNIS PENDAFTARAN SPP-IRT DAN INOVASI LABEL KEMASAN UNTUK UMKM PRODUK KOPI GUNUNG WANGUN DUA

Gunung Wangun Dua Coffee is a typical Bogor coffee that has a delicious taste and achievements in national and international competitions. Production and marketing of this coffee is carried out by MSME Gunung Wangun Dua. Marketing of this coffee is very limited because it does not yet have a Home Industry Food Product Certificate (SPP-IRT) as a Distribution Permit. Registration of this distribution permit requires complete business and production documents as well as good facilities. UMKM Gunung Wangun Dua accompanied by Thematic Real Work (KKN-T) students from Juanda University, Bogor, is trying to obtain the distribution permit by completing business documents and production documents consisting of Product Information List documents, Production Records, SOPs for Including Packaging Labels and SOPs for Selection. materials and design packaging labels that are good and correct according to BPOM regulations. The SPP-IRT registration process on the One Single Submission (OSS-RBA) system is accompanied directly by KKN-T students until the Distribution Permit becomes effective. The distribution permit number for Gunung Wangun Dua coffee products is PIRT: 290523001106600000001 Keywords: Coffee, SPP-IRT, Document, Packaging, Label

Nudging consumers about the issue of microplastics: an experimental auction study on valuation for sustainable food packaging

Plastic, integral to food packaging since the 1950s, has become a global environmental concern due to its contribution to microplastic pollution. Microplastics harm ecosystems, impacting wildlife and human health. Amid increasing focus on sustainability, global initiatives target sustainable production and consumption, but consumers struggle to verify product claims, leading to potential greenwashing, particularly in the food industry. We conducted an experiment focusing on pasta products with varied packaging and labeling attributes. Findings suggest that consumers are willing to pay more for products with both biodegradable packaging and Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) labels, indicating heightened trust and perceived sustainability. Information about microplastics’ adverse environmental effects influenced consumer valuation, particularly among females, higher-income individuals, and those with stronger environmental concerns.

Designing Package Labels for Upcycled Food Products in Japan: Case Study of Broccoli Stem Snack

ABSTRACT This study addresses the growing interest in upcycled foods as a solution to food loss by focusing on designing more appealing package labels in Japan. Through an online survey, we collected data on consumer attitudes and perceptions toward upcycled foods. We applied factor analysis to identify key factors and cluster analysis to segment consumers into distinct profiles. Using these insights, we conducted a choice-based conjoint analysis to extract the package design attributes most valued by consumers. Our results highlight key factors influencing purchase intentions, including food safety, innovation, and eco-friendliness. We identified two main consumer profiles: sustainability-focused and quality/safety-conscious, and innovative and socially engaged. Food safety emerged as the most crucial factor affecting purchase willingness, followed by product image and environmental considerations. The study emphasizes the importance of transparent, sustainable, and visually appealing package design in influencing consumer decisions and building long-term loyalty toward upcycled foods in Japan.

Pemberdayaan Kemitraan Masyarakat untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Proses Produksi dan Pemasaran Jamur Tiram pada Kelompok Tani Trah Tiram Mandiri di Parungkuda

Community Partnership Empowerment (CPE) as the topic of community service activities in the Community Based Empowerment scheme with partners, namely the Mandiri Tiram Farmers group located in Parungkuda. The objectives of CPE are (1) Providing solutions to problem solving aspects of production using technology to increase partner income by 10%. (2) Assistance in developing marketing strategies by utilizing communication and information technology to expand the market. Implementation of activities through the stages of socialization, discussion, asset handover, mentoring and evaluation. The results of PKM activities can provide solutions in the production aspect by providing assistance with sterilization process equipment to improve the quality of making mushroom seeds (baglog). Press machine assistance to maintain consistent baglog density and increase production capacity. Assistance activities in developing marketing strategies by providing knowledge and skills in the use of information communication technology, packaging label designs and processed mushroom food products. The output of CPE activities is an increase in sales turnover of oyster mushrooms from Rp. 19,800,000/month to Rp. 21,780,000/month or 10% for 1 production period can be achieved successfully by applying technology in the production process of making mushroom seeds.

Discrepancies between the stated contents and analytical findings for electronic cigarette liquid products: Identification of the new cannabinoid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabihexol acetate.

A number of synthetic cannabinoids have been appearing in the recreational drug market for more than a decade. Recent additions are so-called semi-synthetic cannabinoids, and they structurally closely resemble the main psychoactive component of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Knowledge of new (semi-)synthetic cannabinoids is essential to help identify them in authentic forensic case samples. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine two commercially available electronic cigarette liquid products claiming to contain cannabinoids and characterize the structures of the main compounds. The liquid products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), GC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS), and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). In product A, typical cannabinoids (cannabidiol, cannabigerol, and cannabinol) and terpenes (α-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene) were identified by comparison with reference materials. An unknown peak was isolated by semi-preparative high-performance LC, analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and identified to be Δ9-tetrahydrocannabihexol acetate (Δ9-THCH-O). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of Δ9-THCH-O in commercially available products. Another compound estimated as cannabihexol acetate was also detected. In product B, cannabidiol, cannabinol, α-caryophyllene, and β-caryophyllene were identified, while two unknown peaks were estimated as tetrahydrocannabidiol isomers. Despite products A and B being labeled to contain "60% HHCPM" and "80% 10-OH-HHC," respectively, no such compounds were detected. The findings of this study could help detect Δ9-THCH-O in case samples and highlight the need to keep monitoring commercial products to identify new drugs, while warning that the package labels cannot be trusted.

Pemanfaatan Media Canva untuk Membuat Label Kemasan dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mendesain pada Pembelajaran Produk Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan pada Siswa Kelas XI SMKS Perikanan dan Kelautan Jember

This research is a qualitative study, which involves observing people and behaviors that can be observed using spoken or written words to produce relevant descriptive data. The success indicators in this research are the improvement of Designing abilities in Creative Product and Entrepreneurship Learning for 11th-grade students at the Fisheries and Marine Vocational High School (SMKS) in Jember. The objectives of this research are: 1) To determine the utilization of Canva media in creating Packaging Labels to enhance designing skills in creative product and entrepreneurship learning for 11th-grade students at SMKS Fisheries and Marine in Jember. 2) To ascertain the enhancement of Packaging Label designing skills using Canva media in creative product and entrepreneurship learning for 11th-grade students at SMKS Fisheries and Marine in Jember. The respondents of this study are 13 11th-grade students from the Fisheries and Marine Vocational High School (SMKS) in Jember, comprising 8 males and 5 females. Data collection procedures involve steps taken by the researcher to obtain data in efforts to address the research problem. Specific techniques are required in data collection to ensure that the expected data are gathered and are truly relevant to the issues being addressed. The data collection procedures in this research include observation, interviews, and documentation. The qualitative research conducted at SMKS Fisheries and Marine in Jember yields the following conclusions: 1. Implementation of learning using Canva media for creating Packaging Labels can enhance designing skills in creative product and entrepreneurship learning for 11th-grade students at SMKS Fisheries and Marine in Jember. 2. The effectiveness of designing Packaging Labels with Canva Media is evident in that: a) it enhances designing skills and saves time, b) it boosts students' learning motivation by presenting related images and videos, c) Canva Media can be used for creating other media besides packaging label designs, enabling students to develop their skills in creating new things with Canva's assistance, d) with Canva Media, learning can enhance designing skills and save time, allowing students to creatively design products more effectively both inside and outside the classroom.

Awareness and perception of consumers regarding food labels on packaged foods with special emphasis on front of package labels

Awareness and perception of consumers regarding food labels on packaged foods with special emphasis on front of package labels

Estimation of selling price for grasshopper (Valanga nigricornis Burm.) snack bar products using cost-based method

Abstract Determination of the selling price is an important part of the commercialization process of researched food products. The food product that had been developed was a snack bar product made from grasshopper flour (Valanga nigricornis Burm.). This research purpose was to determine the selling price of snack bar products made from grasshopper flour based on recipe differences. The method of determining the selling price was the cost-based method. Variations of this method are variable costing and full costing. The result of this research was the chosen recipe for the main snack bar production was recipe two. Recipe two had an additional level of grasshopper flour of 8,39% per batch. The estimated selling price of the grasshopper snack bar product from all of these product recipes was Rp. 10,000.00 – Rp. 14,500.00 per pack containing one snack bar per pack. Based on variable and full costing calculations, recipe two had an estimated selling price of Rp. 11,714.01 – Rp. 13,311.37 and of Rp. 12,242.62 – Rp. 13,912.06 respectively. The nutritional values of recipe two per package were water content of 8.08%; ash content of 2.3919%; protein of 13.894%, fat 25.1424%; carbohydrates of 50.4914%; and total Energy of 483.8245 kcal. This value served as nutrition value information that must be printed on the product packaging label. These research results can be used to help the development and design of scale-up processes to make food products compete in the market.