Information Package Research Articles

Too official to be effective: An empirical examination of unofficial information channel and continued use of retracted articles

Due to the inadequacy of official notices in disseminating retraction information, a significant proportion of retracted articles continue to be cited in the post-retraction period. There are adverse consequences of citing such questionable articles. This study extends the literature on official versus unofficial information channels by examining three key roles that unofficial information channels can play in disseminating retraction information (i.e., providing broader reach for information dissemination, packaging information from different sources, and creating new information) as well as the effects of these roles. An unofficial information channel affords a broader reach for information dissemination, which reduces post-retraction citations. Moreover, according to the information processing theory, different types of additional information (that comes from the ability of an unofficial information channel to package information from different sources or create new information) can moderate such effect. Leveraging on the launch of Retraction Watch (RW), an unofficial information channel for reporting retractions, this study designed a natural experiment and found that reporting retractions on RW significantly reduced post-retraction citations of non-swiftly retracted articles in biomedical sciences. Furthermore, additional author-related and retraction-related information provided on RW enhanced the main effect, whereas additional article-related information provided on RW weakened the main effect.

Children’s reaction to sugar reduced dairy desserts in the context of the implementation of nutritional warning labels: An exploratory study

The aim of the present work was to explore children’s reaction to sugar reduction in the context of the implementation of nutritional warnings in Uruguay. The study was composed of two sessions involving three evaluation conditions: tasting without package information, package evaluation without tasting, and tasting with package information. A total of 122 children, ages ranging between 6 and 13 years old (47% girls) were involved in the study. In the first session, children’s hedonic and emotional response to a regular and a sugar-reduced chocolate dairy dessert (without other sweeteners) was evaluated. In the second session, children first evaluated their expected liking, emotional associations and choice of packages differing in the presence of warning labels for excessive sugar content and cartoon character (2x2 design). Finally, they tasted the selected sample in the presence of the package and evaluated their liking, emotional associations, and intention to re-taste it. Although sugar reduction led to a significant reduction in overall liking, the dessert with 40% sugar reduction showed a mean overall score of 6.5 in a 9-point hedonic scale and was described using positive emoji (▪, ▪, ▪). When the desserts were tasted with package information, no significant differences in the expected overall liking of the regular and sugar-reduced dessert were found. Regarding the effect of packaging elements, the presence of a warning label highlighting excessive content of sugar did not have a significant effect on children's choice. Instead, children's choices were defined by the presence of a cartoon character. Results from the present work provide additional evidence about the feasibility of reducing the sugar content and sweetness of dairy products targeted at children and stress the need to regulate the use of cartoon characters on products with an unfavorable nutritional profile. Methodological recommendations for sensory and consumer research with children are also discussed.

Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among Youth in Kakamega and Kericho Counties, Kenya

Introduction: HIV remains the most significant public health and developmental challenge in the world. In Kenya, just like the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, young people aged 15-24 years bear the biggest brunt of the HIV epidemic. Lack of comprehensive knowledge of HIV prevention, low condom use, low uptake of HIV services and having multiple sexual partners, have been associated with these trends. This study set out to determine risky sexual behaviour and associated factors among youth in Kakamega and Kericho Counties in Kenya.
 Methodology: To achieve this, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among youth in Kakamega and Kericho counties, Kenya. Consenting young people residing in these counties were the study subjects. Data was collected through structured interviews with young people using a standard questionnaire and direct observation. The qualitative data were transcribed, translated and entered into NVivo software for coding and further analysis. The quantitative data were entered into SPSS for descriptive and inferential analysis.
 Results: Despite the youths in both counties having high comprehensive knowledge of HIV prevention at 79.3%, they still engaged in risky sexual behaviours and 60.6% were in a sexual relationship. The uptake of HIV testing was 58.4% with an HIV prevalence of 6.9%. Condom use was only 48.1% and both males and females did not reveal irritation in the genital area to partners χ2 - test showing (P > 0.05).
 Conclusion: The results of this study will inform the design of an HIV prevention information package that will promote safer sexual behaviour among young people.

Drivers of Purchase Decisions Among Consumers of Dried Flower Cannabis Products - A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Cannabis was legalized for non-medical use in Canada in 2018. However, with a long-established illegal market, it is important to understand cannabis consumers preferences in order to create a market that encourages purchasing cannabis through legalized channels. A survey including a discrete choice experiment was conducted to estimate preference weights for seven attributes of dried flower cannabis purchases (price, packaging, moisture level, potency, product recommendations, package information and regulation by Health Canada). Participants were at least 19 years of age, lived in Canada, and purchased cannabis in the last 12 months. A multinomial logit (MNL) model was used for the base model, and latent class analyses to identify sub-groups preference profiles. 891 participants completed the survey. The MNL model showed that all attributes significantly influenced choice, except product recommendations. Potency and package information were most important. A three-group latent class model showed that ~30% of the sample were most concerned with potency, while two groups, jointly making up the remaining ~70% were most concerned with package type ( ~40% preferred bulk packaging, ~30% preferred pre-rolled joints). Consumer purchase preferences for dried flower cannabis was influenced by different attributes. Preference patterns can be grouped into three groups. About 30% of the population appeared to have their preferences met by the legalized market, while another 30% appeared to be more loyal to the unlicensed market. The remaining 40% represented a group that may be influenced through regulatory changes to simplify packaging and increasing availability of product information.

NHS staff awareness, attitudes and actions towards the change in organ donation law in England—results of the #options survey 2020

BackgroundIn Spring 2020 there was a change in organ donation legislation in England (UK). Much is known about public opinions to organ donation and the change in legislation, however, there is little evidence about the opinions of the NHS workforce. This study set out to understand the levels of awareness, support and action of NHS staff to this change and explore the impact of respondent demographics, place and type of work on awareness, support and action.MethodsAn online survey was offered to all NHS organisations in North Thames and the North East and North Cumbria through the NIHR Clinical Research Network between July and December 2020. Participating organisations were provided with an information package and promoted the survey via email and internal staff communications. Associations were compared univariately using chi-square tests and logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis to compare findings with NHS Blood and Transplant public Kantar survey data.ResultsA total of 5789 staff participated in the survey. They were more aware, more supportive, more likely to have discussed their organ donation choices with family and more likely to be on the organ donor register than the public. This increased awareness and support was found across minority ethnic and religious groups. Those working in a transplanting centre were most aware and supportive and those working in the ambulance service were most likely to ‘opt-in’ following the change in legislation.ConclusionsNHS staff in England were well informed about the change in organ donation legislation and levels of support were high. NHS staff were six times more likely than the public to have a conversation with their family about their organ donation choices. The size and ethnic diversity of the NHS workforce offers an opportunity to enable and support NHS staff to be advocates for organ donation and raise awareness of the change in legislation amongst their communities.

Large-Scale and Online Retailer Assortment: The Case of Plant-Based Beverages as Alternatives to Cow’s Milk

This research analysed the size and depth of assortment and the marketing strategies of communications around plant-based beverages (PBBs) on the Italian market. Sales of PBBs have increased over the last year due to their use as a substitute for cow’s milk and also thanks to their popularity in online distribution. This study compares the characteristics of the PBB assortment sold across 65 large-scale retail stores and on 74 websites. The comparison was made considering 15 product categories defined by main ingredient, packaging type, specialty, and claims found on labels. An ordered logit regression analysis was performed to understand how key product features positively or negatively influence the selling price. The results showed that online sales focus on describing plant-based beverages with characteristics that are closer to new consumer preferences (with labels such as “free from” products, “naturalness” of the product, and “health” characteristics). In both distribution channels, there were few products with packaging information related to nutritional characteristics, health benefits, and environmental sustainability, in contrast to the needs expressed by baby food purchasers. Additionally, the price analysis showed unexpected results: in fact, some products for which, according to the literature, consumers would be willing to pay a premium price, instead showed a lower retail price than the average price. These results could represent a concrete tool to improve the efficiency of promotional campaigns and communication strategies for baby food, optimising communication according to consumer needs.

Data mining for signal detection of adverse events for taxanes based on the food and drug administration adverse drug events reporting system database

ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to mine and compare the positive signals of adverse drug events (ADE) in paclitaxel, docetaxel, and nab-paclitaxel to evaluate the accuracy of current drug package information inserts and enable clinicians to select the appropriate treatment. Research design and methods ADE data reported from January 2006 to December 2020 were extracted from the Food and Drug Adverse Drug Events Reporting System (FAERS) database, and the reporting odds ratio (ROR) was used to detect the risk signals of the 3 taxanes. The definition relied on system organ class (SOCs) and preferred terms (PTs) by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Results A total of 39,163 case reports on paclitaxel, docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel involving 25 different system organ classes (SOCs) were retrieved from the database. The ADE paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel reports mainly focused on ‘general disorders and administration site conditions’ and the docetaxel ADE reports focused on ‘skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases.’ Among the three taxanes, nab-paclitaxel had the highest positive signal for serious adverse events. Conclusions Overall, the most common ADE signals and ADE mapping systems obtained in this study were consistent with the package inserts. However, some inconsistencies were noted. Further research is recommended to confirm some of the strong risk signals for ADEs for taxanes before updating the drug package information inserts.

Kediripedia Online Media Editor's Strategy For Increasing Generation Z's Reading Interest

Generation Z was born when digital technology was developing rapidly. They learned quickly and grew into a generation adept at using digital devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablets, and others. As a result, Generation Z spend more time using digital devices, exploring the virtual world, and interacting on social media than interacting face-to-face in real life. This behavior also arises because most of their daily activities are close to gadgets, so it becomes a new habit and impacts the decline in interest in reading. For this reason, means and ways are needed to change these habits. This research aims to find Kediripedia.com's strategy to generate interest in reading among Gen Z. The findings show that Kediripedia.com generate a strategy to increase young readers' interest in reading by taking two approaches. First, Kediripedia.com researched Gen Z to find out what kind of content and information presentation criteria interest them. Second, Kediripedia.com uses multi-platform information presentation by combining text, images, videos, and attractive visual design to create a playful yet accurate and credible information package for all groups, especially Generation Z.

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Publication Information

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Publication Information

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Information for Authors

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Information for Authors

Examining the Information Packages of “Teaching Principles and Methods” and “Intructional Technologies” in the Context of Accreditation

Purpose: This study aims to examine the information packages of compulsory professional pedagogical courses in elementary mathematics programs of the Faculty of Education, for which only the field of curriculum and instruction is responsible within educational sciences, according to accreditation.
 Methodology: Content analysis was performed within the study designed in line with the document analysis method. Frequency was used in analysis of the data collected through the packages of "Teaching Principles and Methods" and "Instructional Technologies" courses in 89 programs for training elementary education mathematics teachers. The study also includes categories and citations for reasons for incompatibility with accreditation. 
 Findings: It is concluded that approximately two-thirds of packages are incompatible. Almost all packages include the necessary parts. The activities and measurement&evaluation methods in private universities or accredited programs precede in terms of compatibility with accreditation. In general, the order of the elements from the most to the least compatible with the accreditation program are; activities, learning outcomes, course objective, and measurement&evaluation methods. 
 Highlights: It is noted that course packages are still not viewable. In terms of being compatible for certification, while certified programs are likely to have advantages over others, it is also probable that they may face comparable challenges.

La struttura informativa e la sua codifica nel binomio tedesco-italiano

As unit of a speech act, each utterance must encode a certain amount of information, whose structure has to be defined according to the communicative purpose and the shared knowledge of the participants. Therefore, it is crucial how the sender evaluates the current knowledge level of the receiver in order to establish which information has to be emphasized or selected as new. This article provides a contrastive German-Italian analysis of the most important formal means and encoding strategies that both languages employ to package information.

Information Needs on TikTok: Between Followers and Viewers

The development of communication technology is growing rapidly along with the breadth of information and knowledge needs of the global community. The presence of the internet has brought big changes to society from various aspects of life, one of the concrete proofs is the birth of social media. Many mass media companies use social media as a medium for disseminating information. TikTok is one of the social media used to practice online journalism. One media company that uses the Tik Tok application as a platform to convey news is Kompas with the username @kompastvnews. Kompas has a special division in charge of online media, namely the digital division. This study uses message packaging theory to see how @kompastvnews actively packages information to be conveyed to the audience and wants to see the factors of the unbalanced number of viewers, likes, comments, and shares on videos uploaded on TikTok @kompastvnews. This research is qualitative with descriptive method. The results of the study show that Kompas actively takes the essence of the news that is distributed, prioritizes trending topics, can move the emotions of the audience so that the audience can get as much information as possible in the shortest possible time.

Utilization of Cyber Extension Technologies among Fish Farmers in Osun State Nigeria

The study analyzed the utilization of cyber extension technologies among fish farmers in Osun state Nigeria. Structured interview schedule was used to elicit primary data from 160 fish farmers selected through simple random sampling. Findings revealed that the mean number of ponds owned by the respondents was 5ponds. The mean years spent in formal schooling and fish farming experience were 15.5years and 6.8years respectively. There was high utilization of smartphone (Mean = 2.1) and laptop (Mean = 1.2) for cyber extension information on fish production. There was positive and significant relationships between respondents’ age (r= 0.566; p ≤ 0.05); household size (r=0.598; p ≤ 0.05); number of years spent schooling (r= 0.532; p ≤0.05); number of ponds owned (r= 0.268; p ≤ 0.05), annual income (r= 0.525; p ≤ 0.05) and utilization level of cyber extension technologies among fish farmers. The study concludes that high utilization of cyber extension technologies of smartphone and labtop are highly beneficial to obtaining fish production information The study recommended that fish farming information packages on cyber extension should address the identified challenges of poor technical know-how, this will assist farmer to improve their knowledge and use better strategies for fish production.

Analysis of customers' satisfaction with baby products: The moderating role of brand image

The previous experience of customers is assessed by textual reviews and ratings to reflect their levels of satisfaction with the service or product. Online reviews and ratings have played a vital role to assess the performance of the services or the quality of goods. This research explores customers' levels of satisfaction with baby products on Amazon.com through text mining and survey-based methodologies. The moderating role of a brand image is also investigated on the relationship between customers' satisfaction and recommendations to others. Two sources of data were utilized, online reviews from the Amazon portal and responses of the participants on a large-scale survey. The research model is developed based on the factors that were extracted from the text mining approach. Following that, a questionnaire was distributed and the collected data were inspected using Partial Least Squares Structural Equations Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that several dimensions have an influential effect on customers' experiences with baby products, among which are comfortableness, material quality, easy use, easy return, design, price, packaging, and size information. In addition, the moderating influence of the brand image on the hypothesis between customers' satisfaction and recommendations to others was significant. By deploying the two-phase methodology, baby product vendors can understand the influential variables in customers' experiences and their impacts on customers’ satisfaction more accurately.

Do you get what you see? The illicit doping market in Denmark - an analysis of performance and image enhancing drugs seized by the police over a one-year period.

This study examines doping products seized by the police in three regional police districts in Denmark from December 2019 to December 2020. The products, often referred to as performance and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs), are described in relation to the country of origin, manufacturing company and the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) stated on the packaging vs. the one identified by subsequent chemical analysis. The study also includes a description of the degree of professionalism by which the products appear according to EU requirements. A total of 764 products were seized during the study period. The products originate from 37 countries, mainly located in Asia (37%), Europe (23%), and North America (13%). 193 different manufacturing companies could be identified from the product packaging. The most frequent compound class was the androgenic anabolic steroids, found in 60% of the products. In 25-34% of the products, either no or an incorrect active pharmaceutical ingredient, relative to the one stated on the product, was found. However, only 7-10% contain either no API or a compound from a different compound class than the one stated. Most products had a professional appearance fulfilling most EU requirements for packaging information. The study shows that many different companies supply PIEDs to the Danish market and that counterfeit and substandard products are widespread. Many products do, however, appear professional to the user giving an impression of a high-quality product. Although many products are substandard, they most often contain an API from the same compound class as the one labeled.

Sistem Informasi Inventaris dan Pengemasan Aksesoris Mebel di PT. Fittech Anugrah Mekarindo Perkasa

Inventory or inventory is the storage of raw materials, materials or finished goods for use in the future or at a certain time. Packaging can be interpreted as the act of wrapping, covering an item or a group of items with packaging material. PT.Fittech Anugrah Mekarindo Perkasa is a company that focuses on providing high quality furniture and various accessories to meet market demand in the production of furniture/furniture, the current problems are (1) the occurrence of differences in goods between accessories stock data and actual accessories stock when stock taking is carried out, (2) accessories stock data is often lost due to the negligence of the warehouse operator when preparing the goods, (3) the packaging operator takes new accessories for production shortages without providing information to the warehouse operator. Based on these problems, it is hoped that with the research entitled "Inventory Information System and Packaging of Furniture Accessories at PT. Fittech Anugrah Mekarindo Perkasa”, makes it easier to control the availability of accessories, increases accuracy when managing accessories stock data so that it can produce accurate accessories stock data information. Then for the system development method that will be used is the waterfall method, with the stages of system development starting from analysis, design, coding and testing.

Effectiveness of Climate Change Awareness among Youths in Luanshya District, Zambia

This study evaluated the effectiveness of climate change awareness among youths in Luanshya District so as to prepare them for future climate change governance. The aim of the study was to explore levels of climate change awareness among youths in Luanshya District. The study used a mixed methods approach. Descriptive design was adopted to analyze responses of (n = 160) randomly selected respondents who were drawn from four purposively selected townships within Luanshya District. The chi-square was used for analysis of quantitative data. Structured questionnaires were employed for data collection under the descriptive design, which helped in measuring the hypothesis and generalize the findings. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The results indicate that most youths in Luanshya District found the modes of climate change awareness available in their area to be ineffective in reaching them and in content provision. About 88 percent of youths in Mpatamatu, 95 percent in Roan, 40 percent in Mikomfwa and 93 percent in Fisenge felt that the climate change information offered to them by stakeholders was insufficient. These modes which included school, radio, television, newspaper, magazines, internet and megaphone generally did not present enough accessible climate change content to prepare the youths for climate change governance. While most youths felt that school, radio, television and the internet were more effective means for them to receive climate change awareness, these methods had shortcoming that reduced the youths’ access to climate change information. The limited number of youths having access to the various modes of climate change awareness meant even the peer-to-peer method of awareness was limited as few youth peers had access to climate information for them to share. It was therefore concluded that the involvement of different stakeholders in the sensitization of climate change should be reinforced by strengthening awareness at all levels. This should include increased climate content for mass media dissemination of information. Information packaging should also be targeted to ensure the right audiences are reached, which may call for packaging climate information that appeals to the young in order to enhance levels of awareness. Strengthening the modes of communicating climate information would strongly enhance the preparedness of Luanshya youths for climate change governance.

Farmers’ Knowledge, Control Methods, and Challenges of Managing Bean Leaf Beetles (Ootheca spp.) in Uganda

Bean leaf beetles (BLBs) (Ootheca spp.) are important field insect pests of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in agricultural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. A survey of 128 farmers was conducted in Arua, Hoima, Lira, and Lwengo districts in Uganda, where the common bean is a major food and income crop. This paper evaluated farmers’ knowledge, control strategies, and challenges in managing BLBs. Over 87% of the farmers in Arua and Lira could identify BLBs by local names, compared to less than 45% in Hoima and Lwengo. Less than 8% of the farmers in all districts were aware that BLBs oviposit, diapause, and then emerge from the soil. Many farmers (75%) in Lwengo perceived BLBs infestation as mild, 65.6% in Hoima thought it was moderate, and 78% and 56% in Arua and Lira respectively thought it was severe. The use of chemicals was popular in all districts and also perceived to be the most effective method for controlling BLBs. The reported obstacles to controlling BLBs were a lack of understanding of proper control methods, and the existence of fake insecticides on the market. We recommend that the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries customizes the agricultural extension information packages to include BLBs and cost-effective control strategies for them.

Segmentation of data when analyzing the state of telecommunication systems

<span lang="EN-US">The identification of abnormal situations in information and telecommunication systems is considered, based on analyze statistical information of network traffic packages. The method of identifying an anomalous situation based on segmentation of data sample is proposed. The method is aimed at using classifying algorithms that have the best quality indicators on individual data segments. The proposed method will be useful for monitoring information security systems. The method registers of factors that affect the change in the properties of targeted variables. Impact detection allows you to generate data samples, depending on current and expected situations. On the example of the NSL-KDD dataset, there was a division of many data into subset, taking into account the influence of the factors on the range of values. The processing of factors is shown using the change point detection function in the time series. With its use, a division of data sample by the final number of non-intersecting measurable subsets has been made. The results of Accuracy, Precision, F-Measure, Recall for various classifiers are shown. The proposed method allows to increase the quality indicators of classification in continuously changing operating conditions of telecommunication systems.</span>