Application Of Package Research Articles

Assessment of Nurse's Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oxygen Therapy at Teaching Hospitals in Al- Nasiriya City\ Iraq

Background: Oxygen therapy is considered the most common drug in the treatment of many life-threatening diseases such as respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and others. Particularly now, with the spread of the Coronavirus outbreak, it has become the main drug to save the patients' lives and care for them. As a result, the nurse should have more kills and experience to performing this procedure in the aim to maintain the patient's life safe and avoid complications associated with incorrect oxygen administration technique. Aims of the study: To assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding oxygen therapy in (critical care units), (emergency units), (oncology units) at Al-Haboby Teaching Hospital and Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Al-Nasiriya City. Methodology: A descriptive research design was adopted to conduct this study during the period from (14 November 2020 to 20 March 2021).The study was purposive (non-probability) sample of (60) nurses who are working in (critical care units), (emergency units), (oncology units) at Al- Haboby Teaching Hospital and Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Al- Nasiriya City. A self-administered questionnaire was constructed by the researcher for the purpose of data collection regarding nurse's knowledge and practice about oxygen therapy. It consisted of three parts: Part I: Part one contains (12) item including demographic data, Part II: This part deals with nurse’s knowledge and consists of five domains, and Part III: Observational Checklist about nurse’s practice during oxygen administration, it contains (26) items. Study began after requested permission to use the tool. The validity of the study instrument (questionnaire) are determined by experts, who have more than five years’ experience in their fields to determine the clarity and adequacy of the questionnaire to achieve the study objectives. They are (8) faculty members from College of Nursing / University of Baghdad, (1) faculty members from College of Nursing /University of Karbala, (1) faculty member from College of Nursing /University of Thi-Qar, (2) specialized physician in Thoracic diseases and (2) Board anesthesia &intensive care. The questionnaire was finalized after the pilot study was used to test the instrument, the results of the reliability for the questionnaire were the reliability of knowledge was r=0.832 and the reliability of practice by (intra observation) was r=0.821 it considered within the acceptable range and the questionnaires had an adequate level of internal consistency and equivalence measurability. The data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential data by application of statistical package for social science program (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: show that, the study sample was presented a low level of knowledge at all five domains related (general knowledge of oxygen therapy and recognizing hypoxemia, indications for acute oxygen therapy, oxygen prescription, and oxygen delivery practices). While in relation to practice, the sample presented low level of practice at both domains (before administering oxygen therapy and during administering oxygen therapy), while presented moderate level of practice at domain (nursing intervention after administering oxygen therapy). Conclusion: The nurses ' knowledge and practices about oxygen therapy were inadequate. Recommendations: Conduct training sessions to improve the performance of the nursing staff on the correct use of oxygen therapy. We recommend researchers to do extensive research in the future on the subject of oxygen therapy, including an educational program.

Assessment of Nurse's Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oxygen Therapy at Teaching Hospitals in Al- Nasiriya City\ Iraq

Background: Oxygen therapy is considered the most common drug in the treatment of many life-threatening diseases such as respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and others. Particularly now, with the spread of the Coronavirus outbreak, it has become the main drug to save the patients' lives and care for them. As a result, the nurse should have more kills and experience to performing this procedure in the aim to maintain the patient's life safe and avoid complications associated with incorrect oxygen administration technique. Aims of the study: To assess nurses' knowledge and practice regarding oxygen therapy in (critical care units), (emergency units), (oncology units) at Al-Haboby Teaching Hospital and Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Al-Nasiriya City. Methodology: A descriptive research design was adopted to conduct this study during the period of (14 November 2020 to 20 March 2021).The study was purposive (non-probability) sample of (60) nurses who are working in (critical care units), (emergency units), (oncology units) at Al- Haboby Teaching Hospital and Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Al- Nasiriya City. A self-administered questionnaire was constructed by the researcher for the purpose of data collection regarding nurse's knowledge and practice about oxygen therapy. It consisted of three parts: Part I: Part one contains (12) item including demographic data, Part II: This part deals with nurse’s knowledge and consists of five domains, and Part III: Observational Checklist about nurse’s practice during oxygen administration, it contains (26) items. Study began after requested permission to use the tool. The validity of the study instrument (questionnaire) are determined by experts, who have more than five years’ experience in their fields to determine the clarity and adequacy of the questionnaire to achieve the study objectives. They are (8) faculty members of College of Nursing / University of Baghdad, (1) faculty members of College of Nursing /University of Karbala, (1) faculty member of College of Nursing /University of Thi-Qar, (2) specialized physician in Thoracic diseases and (2) Board anesthesia &intensive care. The questionnaire was finalized after the pilot study was used to test the instrument, the results of the reliability for the questionnaire were the reliability of knowledge was r=0.832 and the reliability of practice by (intra observation) was r=0.821 it considered within the acceptable range and the questionnaires had an adequate level of internal consistency and equivalence measurability. The data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential data by application of statistical package for social science program (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: show that, the study sample was presented a low level of knowledge at all five domains related (general knowledge of oxygen therapy and recognizing hypoxemia, indications for acute oxygen therapy, oxygen prescription, and oxygen delivery practices). While in relation to practice, the sample presented low level of practice at both domains (before administering oxygen therapy and during administering oxygen therapy), while presented moderate level of practice at domain (nursing intervention after administering oxygen therapy). Conclusion: The nurses ' knowledge and practices about oxygen therapy were inadequate. Recommendations: Conduct training sessions to improve the performance of the nursing staff on the correct use of oxygen therapy. We recommend researchers to do extensive research in the future on the subject of oxygen therapy, including an educational program.

Experimental assessment on preparation of biodegradable polythylene/polylatic acid-chithosan composite from renewable resources

Due to poor degradability and contamination risk of synthetic plastics, utilization of renewable resources is encouraged. Biobased thermoplastic polymers from renewable resource that is inexpensive, biodegradable, compostable and renewably non-toxic, is focused. In this paper mixtures of synthetic and natural polymers were used as a potential option to reduce pollution by plastic waste. The study is aimed at assessing utilization of sweet potato waste as a source of bioplastic for package application, the polymer was modified with a biopolymer chitosan to obtain polylactic acid-chitosan plastic. The developed polymer matrix was blended with polyethylene to obtain biodegradable packaging material. The bioplastic was characterized using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scaning electron microscope (SEM). Physical and mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by measuring enzymatic degradation, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The results have shown that the film obtained have homogeneous surface by (SEM). Mechanical properties of the bio plastics revealed that tensile strength increases with increases in the concentration of chitosan and hence, the elongation at break decreases with increase in chitosan content. While the fastest enzymatic degradation was observed to have high microbial growth on the bio plastics with high content of Chitosan-Polylactic acid.

Modeling the Structure, Dynamics, and Transformations of Proteins with the UNRES Force Field.

The physics-based united-residue (UNRES) model of proteins ( www.unres.pl ) has been designed to carry out large-scale simulations of protein folding. The force field has been derived and parameterized based on the principles of statistical-mechanics, which makes it independent of structural databases and applicable to treat nonstandard situations such as, proteins that contain D-amino-acid residues. Powered by Langevin dynamics and its replica-exchange extensions, UNRES has found a variety of applications, including ab initio and database-assisted protein-structure prediction, simulating protein-folding pathways, exploring protein free-energy landscapes, and solving biological problems. This chapter provides a summary of UNRES and a guide for potential users regarding the application of the UNRES package in a variety of research tasks.

The lrd package: An R package and Shiny application for processing lexical data.

Recall testing is a common assessment to gauge memory retrieval. Responses from these tests can be analyzed in several ways; however, the output generated from a recall study typically requires manual coding that can be time intensive and error-prone before analyses can be conducted. To address this issue, this article introduces lrd (Lexical Response Data), a set of open-source tools for quickly and accurately processing lexical response data that can be used either from the R command line or through an R Shiny graphical user interface. First, we provide an overview of this package and include a step-by-step user guide for processing both cued- and free-recall responses. For validation of lrd, we used lrd to recode output from cued, free, and sentence-recall studies with large samples and examined whether the results replicated using lrd-scored data. We then assessed the inter-rater reliability and sensitivity and specificity of the scoring algorithm relative to human-coded data. Overall, lrd is highly reliable and shows excellent sensitivity and specificity, indicating that recall data processed using this package are remarkably consistent with data processed by a human coder.

PENGARUH MEDIA APLIKASI PAKET TRACER MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN ADMNISTRASI INFRASTRUKTUR JARINGAN SISWA KELAS XI TKJ DI SMKN 2 BANGKALAN

One of the formal educational institutions is SMK Negeri 2 Bangkalan, which has a field of expertise in Computer Network Engineering, where graduates are expected to be able to compete in the business world, especially in the field of Computer Network Engineering. One of the productive subjects that support the achievement of skilled and creative quality graduates is Network Infrastructure Administration. In this subject, students are expected to be able to apply and practice their knowledge in the field of Computer Network Engineering. For this reason, students must really master network design and modeling, one of which is mastering the subject of Network Infrastructure Administration. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach with experimental techniques on a population and research sample of 54 students. research data collection using questionnaires and tests that have gone through the stages of testing the validity and reliability. Analysis of research data using statistical methods with the formula t-test one sample and multiple correlations. Based on this analysis, the conclusions of the study are described, among others: 1) the learning motivation of Class XI TKJ students at SMKN 2 Bangkalan is quite good, 2) the implementation of problem based learning learning models in Class XI TKJ at SMKN 2 Bangkalan is quite good, 3) Utilization of Package Application Media Tracer in Class XI TKJ at SMKN 2 Bangkalan is quite good, 4) there is a significant influence between the utilization of the Tracer Package Application Media through the Problem Based Learning Learning Model and learning motivation on the learning outcomes of Class XI TKJ students at SMKN 2 Bangkalan

Developing thermoplastic corn starch composites filled with brewer's spent grain for applications in biodegradable films

AbstractDespite the growing interest in utilizing starch‐based biodegradable films, their low mechanical properties generally limit them from being widely used. On the other hand, brewer's spent grain (BSG) is an abundant by‐product that does not yet have high added‐value industrial use. This study proposes the development of starch‐based composites filled with BSG for applications in biodegradable films. Different contents (1–5 wt%) of BSG fibers of different sizes (35, 60, and 100 mesh) were used aiming to identify the film compositions with better mechanical and thermal properties. The composites were produced by casting and had their mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties evaluated. The composites with the most promising mechanical properties contained 2.5 wt% BSG with 35 mesh and 1 wt% BSG with 100 mesh. Lower amounts of smaller BSG fibers resulted in balanced mechanical properties because of their higher surface area‐to‐volume ratio and higher aspect ratio. Results revealed that incorporating BSG may slightly improve the tensile strength and thermal stability of pure TPS, thus acting as a promising active filler due to the compatibility with the polymer matrix and increased polymer crystallinity. The developed films contribute to the circular economy and might be a promising low‐cost option for application in conventional packages or mulch films.

Development and application of a new package for MODFLOW-LGR-MT3D for simulating regional groundwater and salt dynamics with subsurface drainage systems

Subsurface drainage systems have been widely used to help manage soil salinization worldwide. However, designing a subsurface drainage system requires predictions of regional groundwater and salt dynamics. While these dynamics can be obtained using MODFLOW’s drain package (DRN), this package requires that the drain conductance be specified, which is difficult to determine for subsurface drainage systems with different layout parameters, including the pipe spacing, depth and radius. In this study, a new subsurface drainage (SDR) package based on the Hooghoudt equation was developed within the MODFLOW-LGR-MT3D framework to simulate the effects of subsurface drainage pipes on groundwater flow and salt dynamics. The accuracy and applicability of SDR were tested by a synthetic case, a published indoor experiment and two field experiments. Comparison with indoor experimental data shows that the RRMSE of cumulative drainage volume was 5.08% and the RRMSE of groundwater table depth was 3.69%. The simulation results of outdoor experiment show that the RRMSE of drainage volumes of a single pipe ranged from 3.14% to 4.69%, and the relative errors of cumulative drainage volumes were below 6% and the relative errors of drainage discharge were 3.1–16.3%. The results demonstrate that SDR can accurately simulate leaching water and solute transport under transient flow conditions. The model was then applied to the Yonglian irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China, for subsurface drainage system design, and 3 different layout schemes of subsurface drainage systems were presented. The total salt discharge increased by 38–54% after the application of the subsurface drainage system, 36–45% of which was discharged by subsurface drainage pipes. This study provides a pilot example for regional subsurface drainage system design.

SpatialTIME and iTIME: R package and Shiny application for visualization and analysis of immunofluorescence data.

SummaryMultiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining combined with quantitative digital image analysis is a novel and increasingly used technique that allows for the characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Generally, mIF data is used to examine the abundance of immune cells in the TIME; however, this does not capture spatial patterns of immune cells throughout the TIME, a metric increasingly recognized as important for prognosis. To address this gap, we developed an R package spatialTIME that enables spatial analysis of mIF data, as well as the iTIME web application that provides a robust but simplified user interface for describing both abundance and spatial architecture of the TIME. The spatialTIME package calculates univariate and bivariate spatial statistics (e.g. Ripley’s K, Besag’s L, Macron’s M and G or nearest neighbor distance) and creates publication quality plots for spatial organization of the cells in each tissue sample. The iTIME web application allows users to statistically compare the abundance measures with patient clinical features along with visualization of the TIME for one tissue sample at a time.Availability and implementationspatialTIME is implemented in R and can be downloaded from GitHub (https://github.com/FridleyLab/spatialTIME) or CRAN. An extensive vignette for using spatialTIME can also be found at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/spatialTIME/index.html. iTIME is implemented within a R Shiny application and can be accessed online (http://itime.moffitt.org/), with code available on GitHub (https://github.com/FridleyLab/iTIME).Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Normalized coefficient of variation (nCV): a method to evaluate circadian clock robustness in population scale data.

SummaryRobust oscillation of clock genes is a core feature of the circadian system. Relative amplitude (rAMP) measures the robustness of clock gene oscillations but only works for longitudinal samples. We lack a method for estimating robust oscillations from human samples without labeled time. We show that the normalized coefficient of variation (nCV) of 10 clock genes is linearly correlated with their normalized rAMP, independent of time labels. We found that the mean nCV of clock genes are consistently decreased in tumors compared to nontumors, suggesting a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment by enhancing clock robustness. nCV can provide a simple measure of the clock robustness in population-level datasets.Availability and implementationThe nCV package (https://github.com/gangwug/nCV) and web application (https://github.com/gangwug/nCVapp) are available on the GitHub repository.Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

An automatized XKS-splitting procedure for large data sets: Extension package for SplitRacer and application to the USArray

Recent technological advances have led to community wide use of large-scale seismic experiments which produce seismic data on previously impossible scales. Standard processing procedures thus require automatization to facilitate a fast and objective analysis of the data. Among these, XKS-splitting is an important tool to derive first insights into the Earth's deformation regimes at depth by studying seismic anisotropy. Most often, shear-wave splitting is interpreted to represent crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of mantle minerals like olivine as dominating feature and can thus be used as a proxy of mantle flow processes. Here, we introduce an addition to the MATLAB®-based SplitRacer tool box (Reiss and Rümpker 2017) which automatizes the entire XKS-splitting procedure. This is achieved by the automatization of 1) choosing a time window based on spectral analyses and 2) categorization of results based on three different XKS-splitting methods (energy minimization, rotation correlation and splitting intensity). This provides effective and objective results for splitting as well as null-measurement results. This extension allows to use SplitRacer without a graphical interface and introduces a bootstrapping statistics as error estimate of the single layer joint splitting method. The procedures are designed to allow a fast and more objective analysis of a vast amount of data, as produced by recent seismic deployments (e.g. USArray, AlpArray). We test this automatization by applying the analysis to the USArray data set, which has approximately 1900 stations with between two to fifteen years of data. We can reproduce the general pattern of the results from former studies with the more objective automatic analysis. Based on a joint-splitting approach, we approximate the splitting effect at individual stations by a single anisotropic layer. As we include null-measurements as well as a larger data set as previous studies, we can provide improved statistical evidence for these effective splitting parameters.

MiRetrieve-an R package and web application for miRNA text mining.

microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and thereby influence biological processes in health and disease. As a consequence, miRNAs are intensely studied and literature on miRNAs has been constantly growing. While this growing body of literature reflects the interest in miRNAs, it generates a challenge to maintain an overview, and the comparison of miRNAs that may function across diverse disease fields is complex due to this large number of relevant publications. To address these challenges, we designed miRetrieve, an R package and web application that provides an overview on miRNAs. By text mining, miRetrieve can characterize and compare miRNAs within specific disease fields and across disease areas. This overview provides focus and facilitates the generation of new hypotheses. Here, we explain how miRetrieve works and how it is used. Furthermore, we demonstrate its applicability in an exemplary case study and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

Study on the barrier properties and antibacterial properties of cellulose-based multilayer coated paperboard used for fast food packaging

Some petroleum-based packaging materials have a series of safety issues, and as a result, people are more inclined to use biodegradable and nontoxic packaging materials for foods. However, biodegradable alternatives often need to be modified to overcome their own shortcomings. In this paper, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) + polylactic acid (PLA) nano zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (CMCS/CMC + PLA/ZnO NPs) multilayer coated paperboard was prepared to explore its potential use in food package applications. The multilayer CMCS/CMC + PLA coating reduced the oxygen transmission rate by 99% and doubled the barrier properties for soybean oil penetration and water vapor compared with a single PLA coating layer in a 23 °C/50 RH environment. The oil resistance time of the multilayer CMCS/CMC + PLA coating also increased 28 times, and the water vapor barrier properties increased twofold compared to a single CMCS/CMC coating layer. The water vapor barrier properties increased by a factor of 3 even at 38 °C/90 RH. Compared with the CMCS/CMC + PLA coating without nanoparticles, the barrier performance of the CMCS/CMC + PLA/ZnO NPs coating was further improved. The oxygen, water vapor, and heptane vapor barrier properties all doubled, and the oil resistance time reached 235 h. While a corona treatment reduced the polar component content in the CMCS/CMC coating and led to a slight decrease in the barrier properties of the coating to heptane, it was still a good oil-repellent coating overall. The antibacterial activity (A) toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus exceeded 2, which meant that the multilayer coating with 1.5% added ZnO NPs reduced the growth of bacteria by more than 99%. The multilayer coated paperboard created here with the blended and modified materials significantly improved the barrier and antibacterial properties, suggesting that multilayer coatings prepared from degradable materials have good commercial prospects as fast food packaging.

Evolution and Applications of Fine-Feature Solder Paste Printing for Heterogeneous Integration

Abstract The semiconductor industry is quickly adopting heterogeneous integration as a solution to allow a large number of dies to be packed onto smaller components, improving cost-performance while expanding functionality. As such, the printing of solder paste formulated for System in Package (SiP) applications is becoming more difficult, with many depositions designed at one point as extremes during testing becoming the norm in industry. This paper will first briefly discuss the evolution of soldering material for heterogeneous integration, as some aspects of solder paste manufacturing, such as powder size, differ significantly from larger scale soldering applications. The objective of this study is to illustrate critical parameters for the printing of SiP paste. Multiple parameters that are important for SiP paste printing applications will be discussed, such as the metal load optimization, paste rheology, and metal powder size, type, and quality.

Structured glass substrates in wafer- and panel level packaging: Status and recent achievements.

Abstract Glasses can be used as core substrate for panel- and/or wafer-level packaging to achieve heterogeneous integration of chiplets and integrated passives in increasingly complex packages. Glass has a large number of advantages: The stiffness of glass (i) allows manufacturing of highly accurate buildup layers. These buildup layers can have manufacturing precision of 1μm and below on large dies with sizes of 50mm x 50mm and more, needed for antenna in package (AiP) applications and high performance computing (HPC). Special glasses can be made with adjusted thermal expansion (CTE) (ii), either adjusted to silicon or with larger thermal expansion to allow packages with buildup layers of epoxy molds and metallization that see high thermal loads either during manufacturing or during operation. Glasses can also be optimized with very good dielectric properties (iii) and can be utilized in antenna-in-package applications. But most of all, economic glass structuring techniques (iv) which can provide millions of vias and thousands of cut-outs in a glass panel are important and are being developed. SCHOTTs Structured Glass Portfolio FLEXINITY® and related technologies provide an excellent starting point for highly sophisticated structured glass substrates required for Advanced Packaging. The biggest hurdle for a large-scale commercialization of glass panel packaging is industrial readiness along the whole process chain. This is needed, to bring glass panel packaging in applications like IC-packaging, RF-MEMS packaging and medical diagnostics or, in combination with cutouts for fan-out, embedding of active and passive components. In addition, metallization processes with good adhesion, excellent electrical properties and high geometric accuracy for glasses are an important step. In the current manuscript, we review the status and discuss our contribution towards achieving industrial readiness for glass in panel- and wafer-level packaging.

The improvement of the instrumental means for processing and analyzing of space information

The need of the creation of information system with specialized services which allow scientists and specialists to perform thematic processing of Earth remote sensing data, changing the data processing parameters in a certain way, and independently analyze the information received is shown.To achieve the goal of rapid provision of information, the development of specialized information system is considered on the example of the creation of the software package for the dissemination of operational space information, as well as a software package for predicting the yield of grain crops.The structure of the software package for the dissemination of operational space information is shown. The technical and functional characteristics of the separate components of the package are given. The relations of the subsystems of the package are shown during data receiving, processing, analyzing and providing information to interested specialists and researchers. Attention is drawn to the possibilities of wide application of the software package for the dissemination of operational space information for solving scientific and applied problems in various fields of knowledge.The practical application of vegetation indexes in the analysis of operational space information is shown. The data of the practical results of forecasting of the grain crops development, as well as the quantitative indicators of satellites sessions are presented. The possibility of further improvement and development of the created information system is shown.

DETERMINATION OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE ELECTRIC MOTOR UNDER INCOMPLETE INITIAL DATA CONDITIONS

The article analyzes the damageability of electric motors at agricultural processing enterprises in Ukraine. Modern microprocessor systems are being introduced in order to automate the process of determining the technical condition of electric motors. Their software implements complex and informative methods for determining the current state of electric motors based on the analysis of the current values of diagnostic parameters. The current values of not all diagnostic parameters of electric motors are known at the time of determining the technical condition. Therefore, their predicted values are applied. The authors propose to evaluate the current technical condition of electric motors by analyzing the value of the coefficient of its residual life. The values of this coefficient vary from 1 p.p. (the engine is fine) to 0 p.p. (the engine is defective.) An example shows the use of software, namely, Anfis editor of the Fuzzy Logic Tool Box application of the Matlab application package, for creating a mathematical model of the residual life coefficient of an electric motor. It is noted that the error in training the model based on 582 considered variants of combinations of diagnostic parameters and the corresponding values of the residual life of the electric motor does not exceed 0.00288 p.p. (0.2%), and for test voters – 4.1%. Taking into account the large number of mutually influential diagnostic parameters of electric motors, in order to simplify the assessment of the current technical condition, we propose to use the integral diagnostic parameter  the coefficient of residual life. At the same time, it is difficult to determine the technical condition of a working electric motor, because some diagnostic parameters can be measured in a disconnected or disassembled electric motor (for example, measuring the insulation resistance of the stator winding with a megaohmmeter or measuring the diameter of the rotor shaft under the bearing in order to identify the cause of vibration). Therefore, determined at the rate of the process, under such conditions, the technical state of the operating electric motor is predictable  fuzzy. To determine it, one should use the methods and means of neuro-fuzzy modeling. Therefore, the problem of improving the quality of operation of electric motors in agricultural production by improving the quality of their diagnostics is relevant and of great national economic importance.

Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Two-Rowed Barley Accessions from Kazakhstan Based on SNP Genotyping Data.

The genetic relationship and population structure of two-rowed barley accessions from Kazakhstan were assessed using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Two different approaches were employed in the analysis: (1) the accessions from Kazakhstan were compared with barley samples from six different regions around the world using 1955 polymorphic SNPs, and (2) 94 accessions collected from six breeding programs from Kazakhstan were studied using 5636 polymorphic SNPs using a 9K Illumina Infinium assay. In the first approach, the neighbor-joining tree showed that the majority of the accessions from Kazakhstan were grouped in a separate subcluster with a common ancestral node; there was a sister subcluster that comprised mainly barley samples that originated in Europe. The Pearson’s correlation analysis suggested that Kazakh accessions were genetically close to samples from Africa and Europe. In the second approach, the application of the STRUCTURE package using 5636 polymorphic SNPs suggested that Kazakh barley samples consisted of five subclusters in three major clusters. The principal coordinate analysis plot showed that, among six breeding origins in Kazakhstan, the Krasnovodopad (KV) and Karaganda (KA) samples were the most distant groups. The assessment of the pedigrees in the KV and KA samples showed that the hybridization schemes in these breeding stations heavily used accessions from Ethiopia and Ukraine, respectively. The comparative analysis of the KV and KA samples allowed us to identify 214 SNPs with opposite allele frequencies that were tightly linked to 60 genes/gene blocks associated with plant adaptation traits, such as the heading date and plant height. The identified SNP markers can be efficiently used in studies of barley adaptation and deployed in breeding projects to develop new competitive cultivars.

Cydrasil 3, a curated 16S rRNA gene reference package and web app for cyanobacterial phylogenetic placement

Cyanobacteria are a widespread and important bacterial phylum, responsible for a significant portion of global carbon and nitrogen fixation. Unfortunately, reliable and accurate automated classification of cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences is muddled by conflicting systematic frameworks, inconsistent taxonomic definitions (including the phylum itself), and database errors. To address this, we introduce Cydrasil 3 (https://www.cydrasil.org), a curated 16S rRNA gene reference package, database, and web application designed to provide a full phylogenetic perspective for cyanobacterial systematics and routine identification. Cydrasil 3 contains over 1300 manually curated sequences longer than 1100 base pairs and can be used for phylogenetic placement or as a reference sequence set for de novo phylogenetic reconstructions. The web application (utilizing PaPaRA and EPA-ng) can place thousands of sequences into the reference tree and has detailed instructions on how to analyze results. While the Cydrasil web application offers no taxonomic assignments, it instead provides phylogenetic placement, as well as a searchable database with curation notes and metadata, and a mechanism for community feedback.

Factors Influencing Electronic Medical Record Systems Success in Selected Tertiary Healthcare Facilities in South-West, Nigeria

Survey research design of the correlational type was employed for this study using stratified random sampling to select two hundred and forty-five (245) respondents. The research instrument which was a structured questionnaire was tagged Adoption Factors and Usage Evaluation of Electronic medical record systems System Success. A total of 222 copies research questionnaire were filled and returned. A statistical package for social science application was used in analysing the results of the research using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for hypotheses one and two, and multiple regression analysis for the hypotheses three and four. The result from the study revealed that there was a positive significant correlation between adoption factors and EMRS systems’ success (r= 0.440) and there was a strong positive correlation between usage evaluation and system success of EMRS in the two healthcare facilities (r= 0.618). More so, findings showed that adoption factors jointly and significantly affect EMRS system success with coefficient of 0.648, and a multiple R square of 0.420. And there was also a relative contribution of adoption factors (β = 0.215) and usage evaluation (0.526) on EMRS success. The study concludes that electronic medical record systems have become a standard for every healthcare facility for improvement in the efficiency and profitability of the organisations. The study therefore recommends that, all healthcare facilities in Nigeria should adopt the electronic medical record systems, and all healthcare providers should be given thorough training on the use of EMRS.