Software Research Articles

Predictors of Dental Misconceptions Among Taif Population, Saudi Arabia.

Health education programmes play a crucial role in enhancing oral health literacy and improving treatment outcomes. However, myths and misconceptions about oral health are widespread, affecting individuals' behaviours and their willingness to seek appropriate treatment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral health myths and misconceptions among adults in Taif, Saudi Arabia, and to explore potential associations with demographic factors. Participants from community health programmes in Taif (March-June 2024) completed a Google Forms questionnaire on dental myths. adults (≥18 years) without cognitive, hearing, or vision impairments. The questionnaire included sociodemographic details and 22 myth-related questions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), with significance set P ≤ 0.05. The study included 429 participants. Knowledge of dental myths was highest in the 'Dental Treatment' domain (mean score: 6.42), followed by 'Oral Hygiene Practices' (3.46) and 'Deciduous Teeth and Pregnancy' (3.48). Higher education and healthcare-related majors were significantly associated with better knowledge. Conversely, males and older age groups had lower knowledge scores. This study highlights the prevalence of dental myths in Taif and their association with demographic factors. Higher education- and healthcare-related fields correlate with better knowledge, but significant gaps remain, particularly among the less educated, certain occupational groups, males, and single individuals. Targeted educational interventions are essential to improving dental health knowledge and practices and enhancing oral health outcomes in the community.

Exploring the effectiveness of AI-generated learning materials in facilitating active learning strategies and knowledge retention in higher education

Purpose This study aims to explore the intersection of AI-generated learning materials and active learning strategies in higher education artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing about changes and opening up new possibilities for an improved and more efficient higher education. However, the argument is that its use in education/classroom should be informed by verifiable evidence as well as best practice, which this scholarly work helps build evidence-based research to assess this technology in higher education. Design/methodology/approach Primary data was collected through structured questionnaire administered online via Google form. Based on the non-probability sampling technique, 300 higher education tutors and students across the UK were purposively targeted, out of which 218 (72.7%) response rate was achieved. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences, whereby regression, correlation and Chi-square tests were conducted to determine the statistical significance, direction and strength of the relationship between the measured variables. Findings This study revealed that AI-generated learning materials support active learning strategies that enable students to actively engage in their learning, likewise enabling students to develop deeper understanding of their course content with significantly better knowledge retention, which is critical to the learning process. However, findings further revealed that acceptance/regular use of AI-generated learning materials is still below par across the higher education institutions, and there is major concern that the benefits may not be fully realized due to barriers to adoption. Research limitations/implications There are limitations that future studies can improve on, especially in terms of methodology. Pragmatism is a philosophical research stance that integrates quantitative data collection with qualitative data (such as interviews) and will ask in-depth questions to gain holistic quality data for such empirical. Future studies can also improve on the research scope to allow for generalizability of findings and check for potential biases in the data collection, analysis and interpretation processes. Originality/value Despite the huge anticipation regarding how AI technology could transform teachers’ roles in higher education, concrete research into AI-generated learning materials and actual impact in facilitating active learning strategies and knowledge retention is currently lacking. This study presents theoretical models on AI acceptance in higher education and explored the Technology, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge framework to inform empirical information on how AI can support active learning strategies and students’ knowledge retention.

Barriers and Factors Affecting Nursing Communication When Providing Patient Care in Jeddah

Background/Objectives: Effective communication between nurses and patients plays a crucial role in the delivery of quality healthcare services, especially when caring for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. It fosters trust, understanding, and collaboration and contributes to better health outcomes and satisfactory nurse–patient relationships. The aim of the study is to assess the factors and barriers affecting nurses’ communication when providing care for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive design is used with an online survey instrument. The study involved registered nurses employed in Jeddah’s hospitals. The study utilized a convenience sample for data collection and used the latest version of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS version 21) for data entry and analysis. Results: A study of 367 participants found significant barriers to nurse–patient communication, with a mean score of 2.84 on a three-point scale. Key challenges included language differences between nurses and patients with a mean score of 2.87, and cultural and religious differences with a mean score of 2.83 and 2.81, as well as nurses’ communication skills, attitudes, and self-confidence and patients’ awareness, attitudes, and resistance to communication. The multifaceted nature of these barriers emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to improve nurse–patient interactions and enhance care quality. Conclusions: The study highlights the impact of various factors on effective communication between nurses and patients, emphasizing the need for nurses to develop their communication skills and to receive adequate training from nursing officials.

Harnessing Nature's Resilience through Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration for Climate Change Adaptation in the Central Rift, Kenya

Climate change affects nations differently according to their natural environment and economic structure. Communities living in arid and semi-arid lands, such as in Central Rift Valley of Kenya, who heavily rely on natural resources for livelihood, bear the heavy brunt of climate change impacts. This study focuses on these regions, where communities face challenges of water scarcity, erratic rainfall patterns, land degradation, increased frequency of floods and droughts. These climatic changes negatively affect crop yields, diminish animal fodder production, and reduce availability of firewood, exacerbating the vulnerability of these communities to food insecurity and economic instability. FMNR (Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration) is a land restoration method where farmers foster growth of native trees and shrubs on their land by selectively pruning and protecting existing vegetation. It enhances soil fertility, water retention, and biodiversity while providing benefits of increased crop yields and additional income sources for farmers. Despite promotion of FMNR, a systematic presentation of evidence regarding its success in enhancing adaptation to climate change impacts in Central Rift, Kenya, has been notably absent. Using theory-based evaluation, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, transect walks, questionnaire, and documentary reviews, this study sought to assess the effectiveness of FMNR as an adaptation strategy in World Vision implementation sites within the Central Rift Valley including; Ndabibi in Nakuru; Marigat in Baringo and Ng’oswet in Elgeiyo Marakwet Counties. The study’s quantitative data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) while the qualitative data was analyzed using NVivo software. The findings revealed notable improvements in forest cover with direct impacts of FMNR in forest cover from 500 acres at baseline to 6938 acres at the end line, increased average tree cover in farmlands from 79.5% to 122.6%, and in community lands from 89.9% to 109.2%. The indirect impacts, which may not solely be attributed to FMNR, include improved food security from 42.6% at the baseline to 73.6% at the end line, improved livelihoods by about 68% per annum, and improved capacity building/stakeholder engagement, all positively contributing to climate change adaptation. A situational analysis before the implementation of FMNR had highlighted environmental deterioration; food insecurity, increased poverty and negative effect on livelihoods. The study concludes that FMNR is an effective strategy for mitigating and adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change. Policymakers are urged to integrate FMNR into national agroforestry and climate change policies, ensure broader adoption and long-term sustainability, while further research is needed to address existing limitations constraining the technique.

A library of proton lineal energy spectra spanning the full range of clinically relevant energies.

In locations where the proton energy spectrum is broad, lineal energy spectrum-based proton biological effects models may be more accurate than dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) based models. However, the development of microdosimetric spectrum-based biological effects models is hampered by the extreme computational difficulty of calculating microdosimetric spectra. Given a precomputed library of lineal energy spectra for monoenergetic protons, a weighted summation can be performed which yields the lineal energy spectrum of an arbitrary polyenergetic beam. Using this approach, lineal energy spectra can be rapidly calculated on a voxel-by-voxel level. Monoenergetic proton tracks generated using Geant4-DNA were imported into SuperTrack, a GPU-accelerated software for calculation of microdosimetric spectra. Libraries of proton lineal energy spectra which span the energy range of 0-300MeV were computed. The libraries were validated by comparison to Monte Carlo calculations in the literature, as well as lineal energy spectra measured experimentally with a tissue equivalent proportional counter. The lineal energy libraries have been made available in three data formats, two are plain-text,.csv and.les, and one binary encoded, root. Library files include the lineal energy bin abscissa in keV per micron and the unnormalized number of counts occurring within that bin. A computational technique for summation of the library files to yield the lineal energy of a polyenergetic beam is described in this work. The lineal energy libraries can be used to rapidly determine the lineal energy spectra at the location of cell cultures for in-vitro experiments and in each voxel of a treatment plan for in-vivo outcome modelling. These libraries have already been incorporated into RayStation 2023B-IonPG for lineal energy spectra calculation and we anticipate they will be incorporated into further dose calculation engines and Monte Carlo toolkits.

Quantum-Cognitive Neural Networks: Assessing Confidence and Uncertainty with Human Decision-Making Simulations

Contemporary machine learning (ML) systems excel in recognising and classifying images with remarkable accuracy. However, like many computer software systems, they can fail by generating confusing or erroneous outputs or by deferring to human operators to interpret the results and make final decisions. In this paper, we employ the recently proposed quantum tunnelling neural networks (QT-NNs) inspired by human brain processes alongside quantum cognition theory to classify image datasets while emulating human perception and judgment. Our findings suggest that the QT-NN model provides compelling evidence of its potential to replicate human-like decision-making. We also reveal that the QT-NN model can be trained up to 50 times faster than its classical counterpart.

Engineering Digital Systems for Humanity: a Research Roadmap

As testified by new regulations like the European AI Act, worries about the human and societal impact of (autonomous) software technologies are becoming of public concern. Human, societal, and environmental values, alongside traditional software quality, are increasingly recognized as essential for sustainability and long-term well-being. Traditionally, systems are engineered taking into account business goals and technology drivers. Considering the growing awareness in the community, in this paper, we argue that engineering of systems should also consider human, societal, and environmental drivers. Then, we identify the macro and technological challenges by focusing on humans and their role while co-existing with digital systems. The first challenge considers humans in a proactive role when interacting with digital systems, i.e., taking initiative in making things happen instead of reacting to events. The second concerns humans having a reactive role in interacting with digital systems, i.e., humans interacting with digital systems as a reaction to events. The third challenge focuses on humans with a passive role, i.e., they experience, enjoy or even suffer the decisions and/or actions of digital systems. The fourth challenge concerns the duality of trust and trustworthiness, with humans playing any role. Building on the new human, societal, and environmental drivers and the macro and technological challenges, we identify a research roadmap of digital systems for humanity. The research roadmap is concretized in a number of research directions organized into four groups: development process, requirements engineering, software architecture and design, and verification and validation.

The impact of fluctuating exchange rates and customs rates on the economic sustainability of solar energy business in Lebanon

Since the beginning of 2020, Lebanon has been facing a severe economic crisis, soaring inflation and currency collapse; yet, there has been a remarkable turnout towards solar energy. This research explores the evolution of the exchange and customs-exchange rate during the crisis, and the impact on the economic sustainability of solar energy business. The primary objective is to examine the economic sustainability of the solar energy business through a thorough analysis of the interplay of factors such as exchange rate, customs exchange rate, market value and profitability of the business and the impact of these rates on such economic metrics. The investigation involves a quantitative analysis of data collected from 10 companies in Beirut/Lebanon on a quarterly basis from 2020 till 2023. To ensure statistical rigor, certain variables were log-transformed, and data was processed in SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), performing correlation tests, hierarchal regression, mediation, and variation by time analyses. The results of the study indicate that the solar energy business excelled performance, taking into consideration other different factors like lack of electricity, and showed responsiveness to market dynamics. The business exhibits stability and independence in certain aspects, such as profitability, attributed to strategic dollarization and effective cost management. Correlation analysis showed strong relationships between rates and costs, profits, and project market values in Lebanese Lira, yet weak or insignificant correlations for these metrics in US dollars. Thus, dollarization strategies mitigated currency volatility impacts. Mediation analysis revealed that exchange rate plays a dominant role over customs exchange rate, significantly impacting project values in US dollars. Profitability analysis highlighted stable trends, indicating robust adaptability, strategic pricing, and sustainable growth despite fluctuating exchange rates. Analysis of profit margins and return on investment indicates a consistently positive trajectory, reflecting stability that thus fosters confidence among investors and stakeholders. Overall, the insights provided highlight the resilience of the business during the crisis, shedding light on its economic sustainability.

The Role of Mobile Value Added Services towards Influencing Consumer Purchasing Behaviour in the Mobile Telecommunication Industry of Namibia

Purpose: This study is aimed at evaluating the influence of value-added services on consumer purchasing behaviour in the Namibian mobile telecommunication industry. The study further intends to answer several research questions combined with hypotheses testing on perceptions of value-added services towards consumer purchasing behaviour in the Namibian mobile telecoms. Methodology: A correlational research design was employed in the study. A self-administered questionnaire both online and offline to collect data. The research instrument obtained the reliability and validity requirements, using Cronbach and the Factor Loadings (FL), and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) respectively. A simple random sampling technique was adopted in the data collection process. The sample size was determined as 384. A total of 430 valid responses were received. This quantitative study used the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 and Microsoft Excel for data analysis. Descriptive statistics was adopted when conducting data analysis, including frequencies and mean scores. Inferential statistics was used in hypothesis testing. The research study collected and used secondary data from journals, books, and internet sources. The analysed data was presented using Tables and Figures. Findings: Based on the tested hypothesis, value-added services had a statistically insignificant weak positive relationship with consumer purchasing behaviour (rs (430) = .009, p-value >.0.05). The results also revealed a statistically insignificant negative relationship between income and consumer purchasing behaviour (rs (430) = -.018, p-value >.0.05). ). It was concluded, that there was insufficient information to reject the null hypothesis or suggest that the alternative is correct. Future studies should focus on collecting more information and adopting other research methodologies, such as qualitative or mixed research. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Several consumer behaviour theories and models informed the study’s conceptual framework. Theories included the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Hawkins Stern's Impulse Buying, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and models such as the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell (EKB) were adapted to the study. Policy makers should expedite the implementation of policies and laws to enhance consumer protection and awareness. Recommendations include enhancing consumer awareness of value-added services and the repetition of research with broad inclusion of other variables, including demographical information.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Sino-Nasal Tumour Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study of 60 Cases

Introduction: Sino-nasal tumors are a rare yet clinically significant group of neoplasms that affect the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Although these tumors represent a small percentage of head and neck cancers, they often present with complex symptoms and can be challenging to diagnose early. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of sino-nasal tumor patients. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the ENT and Head-Neck Surgery department, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, from June 2014 to November 2014. A total of 60 patients presenting with sinonasal tumors were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. A descriptive method was adopted. Result: In this study of 60 sino-nasal tumor patients, the age groups 21-30 and 51-60 years had the highest representation (20% each), with the majority being male (76.67%) and primarily woodworkers (40%). Socioeconomically, 75% of patients were classified as "poor." Smoking was the most prevalent habit, affecting 50% of patients. Clinically, nasal obstruction was the most common symptom (93.33%), followed by loss of smell (70%) and epistaxis and headache (50% each). The majority of tumors were benign (93.33%), with only 6.67% being malignant. Among malignancy cases, nasal obstruction was a universal symptom, with facial pain, headache, and hyposmia observed in 75% of these patients. Conclusion: This study concludes that sino-nasal tumors predominantly affect middle-aged men, often with significant occupational exposure to carcinogenic materials like wood dust and industrial chemicals. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors further compound the risk, highlighting the importance of comprehensive preventive measures and early detection strategies, particularly in high-risk occupations. Awareness of prevalent symptoms such as nasal obstruction, ...

Predictive Model of Self-Management and Quality of Life for Patients on Hemodialysis Using Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model to enhance self-management and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis, using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) skills model. A cross-sectional study design was employed, with data collected from 245 participants selected through convenience sampling from seven hemodialysis centers in the Republic of Korea. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and path analysis, utilizing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 27 and Amos 23.0. In patients undergoing hemodialysis, family income, self-management knowledge, attitude toward self-management, and social support were found to influence quality of life indirectly through self-efficacy and self-management. In contrast, comorbidities and duration of hemodialysis were found to have a direct impact on quality of life. The IMB model, incorporating individual-level factors proves to be an effective framework for predicting self-management and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Enhancing self-management and quality of life remains a critical issue for this population.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Intra-Articular Cortevcosteroid Injection and Phonophoresis in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis

Background: The term ‘frozen shoulder’ should be reserved for a well-defined disorder characterized by progressive pain and stiffness of shoulder which usually resolves spontaneously after about 18 months. The objectives of treatment are to relieve pain and thus restore motion and function of shoulder. Recommended treatment approaches are physical therapy, local and systemic corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, nerve blocks and manipulation under anesthesia. Objective: Compare the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injection and phonophoresis in the treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis. Method And Material: : This randomized clinical trial was performed in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of six months. Study population was the patients of adhesive capsulitis disease attending the out- patient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation during the study period. Meticulous history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Eligible participants were allocated into two groups, group A-intra-articular corticosteroid injection and group B- phonophoresis by randomization with the help of lottery. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0. Continuous variables (age, etc) were expressed as mean ± SD and comparison of socio- demographic variable of both groups was measures by chi-square test and outcome variables by t-test. A “p” value <0.05 was considered as significant with 95% confidence interval. Result: The mean age of the patients in this study was 51.47 ± 6.30 years. Out of 74 patients 44 were female & 30 were male and the ratio female: male ratio 1.46: 1. Out of 74patients 40.54% patients had right sided involvement and 59.45% patients had left sided involvement. Among 74 patients, service holder were 25 (33.80%), house wife 23 (31%), reteired (12.16%), labour 5(6.755), teacher 4(5.41%) and others 8(10.81%). Significant difference of VAS score and DASH score between Group A and Group B was found at week 2 and Week 6 follow up (P<0.05). Significant difference was found at week 2 and week 6 follow up (P<0.05) regarding ROM (flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation) in Group A than Group B. Conclusion: Present study shown that intra-articular corticosteroid injection was more effective to reduce pain, improve ROM and disability in adhesive capsulitis.

Delays in health care seeking for diarrheal disease and associated factors among caregivers of under five children in health centers of northwest Ethiopia: a mixed-method study

BackgroundApproximately 70% of child deaths due to diarrhea are caused by a lack of timely healthcare. However, there was little evidence of factors associated with delays in seeking health care for patients with diarrheal diseases in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate delays in seeking healthcare for children with diarrhea and identify associated factors among caregivers in health centers of Northwest Ethiopia.Method and materialsAn institution-based mixed study method was conducted from May to June 2022. Quantitative data were collected from 374 participants who were selected by systematic random sampling using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and chart review. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software version 25. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify associated factors. Variables with a p- value < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered to be significantly associated. Qualitative data were collected from participants in waiting area after receiving treatments via in-depth interviews and analyzed using open-source software. The qualitative data were transcribed, translated, coded, thematized, and interpreted accordingly.ResultsIn this study, 53.48% of patients experienced delays in seeking healthcare for diarrhea. A large family size (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.26–5.4), poor knowledge about diarrhea danger signs (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.6–6.6), difficulty paying for treatment (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.6–5.3), not visiting health facilities as the first response to diarrhea (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.96–7.9), only diarrhea (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.01–5.63), and no information about early healthcare seeking (AOR = 4.88, 95% CI: 1.91–12.43) were identified; moreover, from the qualitative findings, mothers’ perceptions of the illness were mild, poor service provision, and economic problems were determinants of delay. Awareness, barriers, compliance, and perception emerged as themes.ConclusionThe prevalence of delays in seeking healthcare for children with diarrhea was high. This poses a negative health risk to the lives of children and their caregivers. A large family size, poor knowledge about diarrhea danger signs, difficulty paying for treatment, and many others were factors associated with delayed health care seeking. Hence, the government and other concerned stakeholders should give due emphasis to tackling the identified causes of delay in seeking health care for children under five years of age with diarrhea by diverting community focus toward timely care seeking and disease prevention.

The Effect of Nurses' Professional Values on Missed Nursing Care: The Mediating Role of Moral Sensitivity.

The aim of this study is to determine the mediating role of moral sensitivity in the effect of nurses' professional values on missed nursing care. A descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 640 nurses working in the inpatient units of a public and a private hospital with the MISSCARE Survey-Turkish, the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and the Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale. Data analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 26.0, Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS v4.0, and the Analysis of Moment Structures 24.0. It was determined that nurses' professional values had a significant and positive effect on moral sensitivity, and nurses' moral sensitivity had a significant and negative effect on missed nursing care. In addition, the direct and indirect effects of nurses' professional values on missed nursing care were statistically significant. The research model showed that increasing nurses' professional values and moral sensitivity decreased missed nursing care, and moral sensitivity significantly mediated the interaction between nurses' professional values and missed nursing care.

Efficient utilisation of waste steel slag in slag-making process of all-scrap electric arc furnaces

A novel technique to recycle waste steel slag is to optimise the foam slag process of all-scrap electric arc furnaces (EAFs). The influence of waste steel slag addition on the basicity of final slag was studied, as slag basicity significantly affects foaming performance. The minimum control requirement of not less than 1.8 was obtained to calculate the maximum mass of waste steel slag. The above results were obtained through the use of thermodynamic calculation software Factsage8.3 and theoretical calculations. The properties of the foam slag were investigated, revealing improved effective viscosity. The optimised foaming index ranged from 2.27 to 2.65 s, compared with 1.63 to 2.45 s before optimisation. The optimisation was achieved by controlling the amount of waste steel slag and other additives, as well as the usage of oxygen and carbon powder. The average consumption reduction of oxygen, carbon powder, and electricity was 2.68 Nm3/t steel, 1.12 kg/t steel and 10.12 kWh/t steel in the industrial trials, respectively. The degree of metallisation has increased due to the reduction in oxygen consumption and slag production. It was observed that waste steel slag can be recycled successfully as an additive on an industrial scale.

Tales of Transitions: Seeking Scientific Software Sustainability

Software is crucial to science, but sustaining projects for long term impact is challenging. Scientists and funders look to ''the open source way'' (known as peer production in the organizational literature) as a promising route to sustainability. We studied scientific software projects funded by research grants and which were encouraged by their funder to develop a sustainable community around their open source code. Using interviews and content analysis of online presences, we studied the projects over a seven year period, from receiving grants around 2014 through the typically three years of funding, and for up to four years following the funding. We make four contributions: First, we find that by far the most successful route to peer production was beginning as peer production, a result with clear policy implications. Second, through our taxonomies of organizational forms and of organizational change, we paint a landscape of the variety of forms that scientific software development can take on and transition between providing language for discussion in the literature and among communities of practice. Third, we use these taxonomies to describe multiple routes to sustainable software development. Finally, we discuss the challenges and strategies involved in sustaining scientific software, including choices not to pursue peer production at all.

Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Intern, Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa Pada Desa-Desa di Kecamatan Kupang Tengah

This research aims to determine the influence of the internal control system, accounting information system, and organizational commitment on the accountability of village fund allocation management in villages in the Kupang Tengah District. The data used in this research are primary and secondary data. The data obtained in this research were collected through questionnaires distributed directly to all village officials in the Kupang Tengah District. This study uses a Quantitative approach with a saturated sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, validity test, reliability test, normality test, and hypothesis testing. The analysis tool used is Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 23 (SPSS 23). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence of the internal control system, accounting information system, and organizational commitment on the accountability of village fund allocation management.

The mediating role of subjective well-being in the relationship between ethical leadership behaviors of school principals and organizational cynicism according to teacher perceptions

This study examined the mediating role of subjective well-being in the relationship between school principals ‘ethical leadership behaviours and organisational cynicism according to teachers’ perceptions. Relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. The population of the study consisted of teachers working in primary and secondary schools in Tuşba district of Van province of Turkey in 2022-2023 academic year. The sample group of the study consisted of 430 volunteer teachers determined by ‘stratified sampling’ method, which is one of the non-probability sampling methods. Ethical Leadership Scale, Organisational Cynicism Scale and Teacher Subjective Well-Being Scale were used as data collection tools. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) statistical programs. As a result of the research, a moderate negative significant relationship was found between school principals ‘ethical leadership behaviours and teachers’ organisational cynicism levels, and a moderate negative significant relationship was found between teachers' organisational cynicism levels and their subjective well-being. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant positive relationship between school principals ‘ethical leadership behaviours and teachers’ subjective well-being. Finally, it was concluded that subjective well-being has a partial mediating role in the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational cynicism. It was concluded that ethical leadership behaviours exhibited by school principals affect teachers' organisational cynicism levels both directly and indirectly through subjective well-being.

A review of Kilovoltage (kV) Radiotherapy Treatment in the UK: Quality Control, Radiation Dosimetry, Treatment Equipment and Workload.

To survey kilovoltage (kV) radiotherapy in the UK, updating a 2016 study, focussing on radiotherapy physics, including equipment quality control (QC) and radiation dosimetry, with information on installed equipment and clinical activity. All UK radiotherapy physics departments (n = 68) were invited to complete a comprehensive survey. An analysis of the installed equipment base, patient numbers, clinical activity, QC testing and radiation dosimetry processes were undertaken. 91% of centres (n = 62) responded to the survey. kV radiotherapy was available in 70% of UK radiotherapy departments, with a wide variation in workload; 7 to 436 patients/centre annually. There has been an increase in the centres using treatment calculation software rather than manual methods, up from 36% in 2016 to 50% in the current study. Only 50% of centres use a calculation check method different to the primary method. There was also an increase in use of the addendum to the UK dosimetry code of practice, enabling medium energy calibration in-air rather than at depth in phantom, citing "clinical relevance". Appropriate levels of quality control testing were being conducted at UK centres, with IPEM Report 81 cited as a primary source of guidance. Good consensus for the frequency and tolerance values used for QC was seen across UK centres. A comprehensive review of consensus practice for quality control and dosimetry in kV radiotherapy across the UK is presented, with supporting information on equipment installation and clinical use. Updated data is presented on kV radiotherapy treatment in the UK, with focus on physics aspects of QC and dosimetry.

Artificial Intelligence Driven and Sustainability of Hospitality Businesses in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

The study explored the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and the sustainability of hospitality businesses in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The study specifically sought to examine the relationship between AI and the environmental sustainability of hospitality businesses in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, and to ascertain the relationship between AI and the social sustainability of hospitality businesses in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and data were collected from 203 respondents with the aid of a structured questionnaire and hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 27). Findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between AI and the environmental sustainability of hospitality businesses in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, with r = 0.882 n = 203 and a p-value of 0.001 (p&lt;0.05). Also, there is a positive significant relationship between AI and the social sustainability of hospitality businesses in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, with r = 0.801, n = 203, and a p-value of 0.000 (p&lt;0.05). The study concluded that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between Artificial Intelligence and the sustainability of hospitality businesses in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The study recommended that hospitality businesses in Owerri should adopt AI technologies to enhance environmental sustainability. Also, hospitality businesses in Owerri should leverage AI-driven customer service chatbots and employee engagement platforms to enhance social sustainability.