This paper explains artificial barriers to inter-regional trade on the Pacific Intertie erected by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) in markets for both long-term and short-term transactions, intended to protect incumbent transmission contract customers of BPA from potential competitors and increase the profits earned by those incumbents, by increasing price spreads between spot markets in the Pacific Northwest and California and interfering with market efficiency and market integration on the West Coast. Both market participants and policy-makers should work to dismantle these barriers.