PA Participation Research Articles

Family Affluence Scale and Its Association with Physical Activity Level in Korean Adolescents

People with low economic level can be had profound effects on participation of physical activity. Furthermore, this circumstance can lead to negative effects on health such as metabolic diseases and mental health problems. Consequently, it can even cause to low quality of life and an intergenerational transfer of health inequality. PURPOSE: To examine the association between the family affluence scale (FAS) and the physical activity level (PAL) in Korean adolescents. METHODS: This study used cross-sectional data included 72,435 (36,655 boys and 35,780 girls; Response Rate: 96.4%) middle and high-school students from Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS, 2013). In order to examine the relationship between the FAS and the PAL, we performed complex samples design multivariate logistic regression to calculate Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) after adjusting for sex and age. RESULTS:Table 1: Associations between the FAS and the PAL in Korean adolescentsOR have been weighted. ***p < 0.001; tested by complex sample design multivariate logistic regression analysis 1) Adjusted for sex and age 2) 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity ≥ 3 days/week 3) Accumulative physical activity at least 60 minutes/day ≥ 5 days/week 4) Strength training ≥ 3 days/week 5) Viewing time for TV, computer game, Internet, etc. < 2 hours/week or day 6) Feeling healthy very much & much usually CONCLUSION: We found the noticeable distinction in the PAL according to the FAS. It is required them to encourage PA participation and to control physical inactivity as the media time, which is to prevent or to get out of the vicious circle of health inequality.

Commentaries on health services research

Commentaries on health services research

Preserved Differentiation Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Performance Across Young, Middle, and Older Adulthood Over 8 Years

A critical question in the activity engagement literature is whether physical exercise alters the trajectory of age-related cognitive decline (differential preservation) or is associated with enhanced baseline cognitive ability (preserved differentiation). Further, investigations considering that these relations may differ across young, middle, and older adulthood are rare. We evaluated data from the PATH Through Life Project, where participants aged 20-24, 40-44, and 60-64 years at baseline (n = 6,869) completed physical activity (PA; mild, moderate, and vigorous) and cognitive measurements thrice over 8 years. Multilevel models accounting for employment status, sex, education, health, and mental and social activity showed that between-person differences in PA participation positively predicted baseline performance on fluid cognitive ability (perceptual speed, short-term memory, working memory, and episodic memory). These effects were similar across age groups, but strongest for the youngest cohort, for whom there was also evidence of covariation between within-person change in PA and cognitive score. PA was not associated with change in cognition over time. Results support preserved differentiation, where physically active adults have higher initial cognitive ability, and the advantage is maintained over time. PA appears to be unique in showing differences across young, middle, and older adulthood in predicting cognition.

An Assessment of the Physical Activity of Registered Dietitians

The reader will have a greater understanding of RDs’ PA participation in reference to the CDC guidelines, including the specific activities in which they practice, and be able to identify the factors that affect the RDs’ PA behaviors.

Feasibility of a Self-Determination Theory-based exercise intervention promoting Healthy at Every Size with sedentary overweight women: Project CHANGE

ObjectivesTo examine feasibility, acceptability and preliminary results of a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) -based exercise intervention with a Healthy at Every Size (HAES) orientation for sedentary overweight/obese women. DesignProject CHANGE was an 8-week randomized controlled trial with follow-up at 4-week. MethodTwenty-five sedentary, overweight women (BMI = 25–34.9) were randomized to either the SDT-based intervention with a HAES orientation (S/H) or exercise only (EX) intervention. The S/H group received exercise training and a weekly behavioral intervention while the EX group received only traditional supervised exercise training. Information about acceptability and feasibility was collected from process evaluation (i.e., participants' satisfaction and feedback) and objective data (e.g., retention, attendance, adherence to the PA goal). Assessments of PA participation and physical/psychological variables were obtained at baseline, post-intervention, and 4-week follow-up. ResultsParticipants reported high levels of satisfaction. Participation in the S/H group averaged 95%. Retention was high for both groups (S/H = 83.3% vs. EX = 84.6%), while adherence to the PA goal was better for the S/H group at follow-up (S/H = 60% vs. EX = 36.4%). The S/H intervention also resulted in larger effect sizes for changes in key motivational variables, including self-determination, autonomy, as well as goal-setting, planning and scheduling self-efficacy. ConclusionThe 8-week SDT-based intervention promoting Healthy at Every Size is feasible and acceptable and may result in better exercise adherence and improvements in motivational variables relative to traditional supervised exercise. These results support conducting additional research to determine the efficacy of this approach for promoting PA in sedentary, overweight women.

388 The Preschoolers Activity Trial (PAT): a Randomized Controlled Trial of Physical Activity Intervention in the Early Years

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) provides widespread health benefits, including pediatric obesity prevention, but less than 10% of Canadian children meet PA guidelines and one in three are overweight or obese. Since...

The Relationships Between Current and Past Physical Activity Participation and Low BMD in a Mixed Menopausal Population

The Relationships Between Current and Past Physical Activity Participation and Low BMD in a Mixed Menopausal Population

The International Prevalence Study on Physical Activity: results from 20 countries.

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is one of the most important factors for improving population health, but no standardised systems exist for international surveillance. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed for international surveillance. The purpose of this study was a comparative international study of population physical activity prevalence across 20 countries.MethodsBetween 2002–2004, a standardised protocol using IPAQ was used to assess PA participation in 20 countries [total N = 52,746, aged 18–65 years]. The median survey response rate was 61%. Physical activity levels were categorised as "low", "moderate" and "high". Age-adjusted prevalence estimates are presented by sex.ResultsThe prevalence of "high PA" varied from 21–63%; in eight countries high PA was reported for over half of the adult population. The prevalence of "low PA" varied from 9% to 43%. Males more frequently reported high PA than females in 17 of 20 countries. The prevalence of low PA ranged from 7–41% among males, and 6–49% among females. Gender differences were noted, especially for younger adults, with males more active than females in most countries. Markedly lower physical activity prevalence (10% difference) with increasing age was noted in 11 of 19 countries for males, but only in three countries for women. The ways populations accumulated PA differed, with some reporting mostly vigorous intensity activities and others mostly walking.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of international PA surveillance, and showed that IPAQ is an acceptable surveillance instrument, at least within countries. If assessment methods are used consistently over time, trend data will inform countries about the success of their efforts to promote physical activity.

DIF Detection of Activity Items across Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics in NHANES Physical Activity Questionnaire

The poorer health status experienced by Hispanics, the largest US minority group, is a concern. Since participating in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can lead to health benefits, assessing the participation of specific physical activities (i.e., a list of MVPA, e.g., basketball, walking, etc.) has been widely used in national surveillance systems to facilitate MVPA assessment at a population level. However, it is unknown if the MVPA items employed are biased to Hispanics. By controlling overall PA participation, an item is a biased, or DIF (differential item functioning), item if it favors a subgroup. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) DIF method to determine if there are DIF PA items in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey's (NHANES) self-report PA questionnaire across Non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic (H) subgroups. METHODS: A NHANES 2003-2004 adult data subset (unweighted N =2,214, NHW = 1,688 and H = 526; including demographic, PA questionnaire, PA individual activity and PA activity monitor information) was analyzed. There were 38 specific MVPA items and participation in a specific activity was a "1=Yes" or "0=No." Ability levels of the reference (NHW) and focal (H) groups were matched using both internal (total MVPA MET*Minutes over 30 days) and external matching criterion (average physical activity counts during a usual ActiGraph data collection week). RESULTS: Nine of the specific activity items functioned differently across NHW and H subgroups, with significantly large DIF sizes (MH D-DIF>1.5 and p<0.01). The analyses based on both internal and external matching criterion confirmed the observations. NHW were more like to do the activities of bicycling (DIF =2.13), fishing (2.82), golf (3.05), swimming (2.54), walking (1.64) and hunting (5.85) while H favored the activities of dance (1.87), hiking (2.08) and soccer (2.12). Soccer was the most likely engaged in activity for H males while hiking was the preferred activity for H females. CONCLUSIONS: There were some DIF MVPA questions used in the NHANES PA self-report questionnaire, which could potentially affect the comparison between Non- Hispanic white and Hispanic subgroups. The identification of Hispanic favored PAs allows for PA promotion targeting this subpopulation.

A school-based randomized controlled trial to improve physical activity among Iranian high school girls.

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) rates decline precipitously during the high school years and are consistently lower among adolescent girls than adolescent boys. Due to cultural barriers, this problem might be exacerbated in female Iranian adolescents. However, little intervention research has been conducted to try to increase PA participation rates with this population. Because PA interventions in schools have the potential to reach many children and adolescents, this study reports on PA intervention research conducted in all-female Iranian high schools.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of two six-month tailored interventions on potential determinants of PA and PA behavior. Students (N = 161) were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: an intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion model (HP), an intervention based on an integration of the health promotion model and selected constructs from the Transtheoretical model (THP), and a control group (CON). Measures were administered prior to the intervention, at post-intervention and at a six-month follow-up.ResultsRepeated measure ANOVAs showed a significant interaction between group and time for perceived benefits, self efficacy, interpersonal norms, social support, behavioral processes, and PA behavior, indicating that both intervention groups significantly improved across the 24-week intervention, whereas the control group did not. Participants in the THP group showed greater use of counter conditioning and stimulus control at post-intervention and at follow-up. While there were no significant differences in PA between the HP and CON groups at follow-up, a significant difference was still found between the THP and the CON group.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of a PA intervention based on Pender's HP model combined with selected aspects of the TTM on potential determinants to increase PA among Iranian high school girls.

WAIS PA performance and participation in extracurricular activities

WAIS PA performance and participation in extracurricular activities