PA6 Matrix Research Articles

Tribological behaviour of PA6/diborontrioxide composites

PA6 micro composites with different weight percentage of diboron trioxide (B2O3) were fabricated by a twin-screw extruder and analysed for tribological behaviour. The weight percentage of B2O3 were 2, 4, and 8wt% of PA6 matrix. Tribological tests were performed on pin-on-disc apparatus under different loads, sliding distances, and sliding velocities. Results were shown for individual varying parameter as well as with the combination of two and all three varying parameters conditions. Results of the tribological study shows that the PA6 composite with 2wt% diboron trioxide fillers exhibits lowest friction coefficient (COF) and wear rate compare to others and followed by PA6 with 4wt% diboron trioxide filler composite. PA6 with 8wt% diboron trioxide fillers were not found effective in reducing COF and wear rate, infect it increased the COF and wear rate of PA6 and found maximum compare to pure PA6 and PA6 with 2 and 4wt% diboron trioxide fillers.

Friction‐Riveted Hybrid Joints of Short Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Polyamide 6 and 6056‐T6 Aluminum Alloy

AbstractHybrid joints of short glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 and 6056‐T6 aluminum alloy (PA6‐30GF/AA6056‐T6) are produced by friction riveting under different processing conditions. A comprehensive study of the effects of the processing parameters on the temperature evolution, anchoring efficiency, degradation of the polymer composite, and tensile strength (pullout test) of the joints is performed. With higher values for the rotational speed, spindle displacement, and joining force, the heat input is increased and this results in greater deformation of the rivet tip and thus higher anchoring efficiency. Based on this finding, high‐strength joints with tensile strength (pullout test) of up to 93% of the metal rivet are obtained and failure occurred through the ductile fracture of the metal rivet outside the composite plate region. Process‐related degradation of the polymer composite is identified, with the formation of voids in the polymer thermo‐mechanically affected zone (PTMAZ) as well as PA6 chain scission and glass fiber breakage in the rubbing volume around the rivet. The recrystallization of the PA6 matrix in the PTMAZ is not affected by the processing. Degradation of the composite at the polymer‐metal interface does not reduce the quasi‐static tensile strength (pullout test), although it may affect the long‐term mechanical properties of the joint.

Polyamide-nanodiamond filament

Preparation and characterization of nanodiamond dispersed polyamide-based filament were investigated. The nanocomposite filaments exhibited enhanced thermomechanical properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the ND particles were uniformly distributed in PA matrix, resulting in uniform stress distribution and transfer of applied stress from matrix to reinforcement. This structure lead to the enhancement of tensile strength and toughness of nanocomposite filaments. Furthermore, incorporation of ND into the PA matrix resulted in higher thermal stability, by delaying the thermal degradation of the PA matrix. This composite has a potential for high performance application.

Reactive Nano-Fe3O4 compatibilized magnetic super-tough PA1212/POE-g-MAH composites with a filler-network structure

Here, a new inorganic-organic magnetic super-tough PA composite was developed via simply melt blending with POE-g-MAH and reactive nano PA-Fe3O4 simultaneously. The reactive PA-Fe3O4 was prepared by in-situ anion polymerization PA with amino-modified Fe3O4, endowing PA-Fe3O4 strong interaction with both PA and POE-g-MAH, resulting in much more uniform POE-g-MAH dispersed phase with tripled droplet number. Meanwhile, as confirmed by the rheological and morphological results, a synergistically toughened “core-shell” filler-network structure of (POE-g-MAH)–(PA-Fe3O4) was formed in the composite, contributing to dramatically enhanced toughness of PA matrix without decreasing strength via the incorporation of a trace amount of PA-Fe3O4. In particular, the notched impact toughness of PA/POE-g-MAH/PA-Fe3O4 composites (weight ratio = 94:6:2.1) reached up to 97.7 kJ/m2, which was 9 and 3 times higher than that of neat PA and PA/POE-g-MAH blend, respectively. It also found that mechanical properties were correlated with the gel point in the blending behavior of functionalized inorganic-organic reactivity. Furthermore, the as-obtained super-tough PA composite exhibited excellent magnetic performance due to the existence of the trace amount of PA-Fe3O4. This study provides a novel and feasible strategy to fabricate functional super-tough polymer composites via designing and controlling the structure in the composites.

Preparation of COOH-KCC-1/polyamide 6 composite by in situ ring-opening polymerization: synthesis, characterization, and Cd(II) adsorption study

A nanocomposite of carboxylic acid-functionalized fibrous silica KCC-1 and polyamide 6 (COOH-KCC-1/PA6 NC) was fabricated through an ultrasonic-assisted in situ ring-opening polymerization approach under an organic solvent-free condition. The presence of abundant functional groups like carboxylic, secondary amine, and ketone in the COOH-KCC-1/PA6 NC structure can make it a good candidate for the adsorption of heavy metals. Accordingly, COOH-KCC-1/PA6 NC was characterized and utilized as an adsorbent for Cd(II) uptake from aqueous media. Crucial adsorption factors, namely pH, adsorbent dosage, Cd(II) initial concentration, and contact time, affecting the removal of Cd(II) were monitored and the optimum adsorption conditions were determined. Isotherm and kinetic investigations were conducted and a non-linear fitting method of experimental data was used to obtain isotherm and kinetic parameters. The experimental maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) was found to be 109.2 mg g–1 (pH: 7.0, adsorbent dosage: 0.05 g, initial concentration: 80 mg L–1, time: 240 min, temperature: 25 ℃). The observed adsorption property is due to (1) the uniform distribution of COOH-KCC-1 filler within the PA6 matrix, (2) the presence of abundant adsorption sites like carboxylic acid (−COOH), ketone (–C=O), silanol (Si−OH), and secondary amine (–NH–) in the adsorbent structure, and (3) the structural stability of the adsorbent owing to strong interfacial interactions (physical and chemical bonding) between COOH-KCC-1 and PA6 polymer. Based on the results it can be suggested that the COOH-KCC-1/PA6 NC adsorbent can be handled for the adsorption of Cd(II) from aqueous media.

Construction of micro-thermal conductive network of self-assembled CNTs hybrids with 1D–0D structure

In this context, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/silver nanoparticles hybrids with special 1-dimensional–0-dimensional (1D–0D) structure were successfully fabricated via self-assemble of dopamine followed by reduction reactions of silver cations aiming to synthesize more efficient thermal conductive fillers for the formation of heat flow transfer network in PA6 matrix. FTIR, XRD, TG and TEM revealed the characteristics of functionalized CNTs. Meanwhile, the effect of CNTs hybrids with 1D–0D structure on the construction of heat flow network and thermal conductivity was also investigated. Experimental results showed that thermal conductivity of composites enhanced with increased filler content, the highest thermal conductivity of the PA6/CNTs hybrids composites reached 0.65 W m−1 K−1, which was 2.1 times that of pure PA6 and 32% higher than that of pristine CNTs-filled composites (0.55 W m−1 K−1) with same filler content (10 vol%), and this was ascribed to the better dispersion of fillers and enhanced interfacial interaction between fillers and matrix, as well as the special structure of CNTs hybrids that could abundance the heat transfer path. The crystallinities and dynamic thermal mechanical properties were also analyzed. The enhanced storage modulus (1940 MPa for pure PA6 to 3650 MPa for PA6/CNTs hybrids composites at 5 °C) and higher glass transition temperature along with the change of crystallization behavior of fabricated composites were in accordance with the thermal conductive behavior. The thermal conductive model and its mechanism were then proposed and further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.

Effect of Carbon Fillers on the Wear Resistance of PA6 Thermoplastic Composites.

In this study, the influence of different carbon fillers on the tribological and manufacturing properties of the thermoplastic polyamide PA6 is presented. The following materials were used as carbon additives: glassy carbon (GC), carbon obtained from the pyrolysis of polymer wastes (BC), and graphene oxide (GO). Fillers were introduced into the PA6 matrix by mechanical stirring in alcohol to settle carbon particles onto the granule surface. Samples were made by injection molding from the produced granules. The microstructure, hardness, and melt flow index (MFI) of the prepared materials were determined. Also, the degree of crystallinity of the samples was examined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The melting point (Tm) was examined using DSC, the results from which allowed the correct heat treatment of PA6 to increase the crystallinity of the obtained material to be selected. The dry sliding tribological behavior of the composites was evaluated via pin-on-block tests against cast iron counterparts. The tests were performed at room temperature, with a sliding speed 0.1 m/s, a sliding distance of 250 m, and a normal force of 40 N. The obtained results revealed that the introduction of GO into the PA6 matrix provides favorable wear behavior, such as the formation of debris that acts as rollers that give a decrease in wear and a lower coefficient of friction. The coefficient of friction in samples with graphene oxide was nearly two times lower than with other samples. However, the ease of manufacture of this material was drastically reduced compared to GC or BC fillers. Microstructural investigations of wear tracks revealed poor adhesion between the polymer matrix and micrograins of carbon fillers (GC and BC), and therefore their influence on tribological properties was less compared to graphene oxide.

Effect of caprolactam modified phenoxy-based sizing material on reactive process of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyamide-6

In spite of its short cycle time, the reactive process is hardly utilized to produce carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) due to relatively poor interfacial interactions between the carbon fiber and thermoplastic. To improve the mechanical strength of PA-6 CFRTP produced by reactive process, a caprolactam modified phenoxy-based sizing material was prepared. The sizing material acted as an initiator during reactive process, so the PA-6 chemically grown from the sizing material can entangled with the matrix, forming mechanically interlocking. Herein, carbon fiber coated by the sizing material was analyzed to determine the optimal coating conditions. The PA-6 CFRTP was also investigated in terms of impregnation, PA-6 matrix, and mechanical strength and the results were compared with PA-6 CFRTP produced with as-received and other phenoxy-based sizing material coated carbon fiber. Despite the reduced sizing material usage, it was surprisingly effective for increasing mechanical strength (by ~68.8%) compared to neat CFRTP.

Effect of short carbon fiber content and water absorption on tensile and impact properties of PA6/PP blend based composites

AbstractPA6 absorbs moisture, restricting its use in humid applications. The first objective of this study is to process composite parts to be used in high humid applications using PA6 blend based matrix (PA6/PP/PP‐g‐MA) and SCF (3‐15 wt%) reinforcement. The second objective is to perform tensile and impact tests in both dry and wet conditions. The third objective is to carry out the in‐depth analysis of fractography of blends and composites. For blend, more than 50% reduction in water absorption was observed in comparison to pure PA6, indicating the need to blend with PP. The tensile strength of the composite with 15 wt% SCF was 55% and 133% higher than matrix blend in dry and wet conditions respectively indicating the need to reinforce the blend with SCF. Injection molded composites with 15 wt% SCF revealed the tensile strength of 54 MPa, 46 MPa and modulus of 5 GPa, 4 GPa in dry, wet state respectively. At higher SCF content, both SCF and PP are well dispersed in PA6 matrix but fiber pull out led to fracture of dry samples. Post water absorption, tensile fractured samples showed significant fiber pull out, indicating reduction in interfacial adhesion due to water absorption.

Mechanical and tribological performance evaluation of maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymer toughened acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/polyamide 6 composites strengthened with glass fibres

Maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymer toughened acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/polyamide 6 composites, strengthened with varying amounts of E-glass fibre (EG) were successfully developed via compounding technique. The tribological investigations of compounded composites support excellent wear resistance potential of glass fibre, with 15 wt% EG reinforced composites displaying ∼10 times superior wear resistance. While, mechanical performance evaluation validates the strengthening abilities of EG, with tensile strength and tensile modulus displaying a substantial improvement. The microstructure of worn composite surfaces, characterised by scanning electronic microscopic studies suggest the inherent ability of glass fibre in PA6 matrix to enact the role of reinforcements by choice.

Flavin Mononucleotide-Mediated Formation of Highly Electrically Conductive Hierarchical Monoclinic Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Polyamide 6 Nanocomposites.

Although the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) is a promising material for use in the production of high electrical conductivity (σ) polymer nanocomposites, its tendency to aggregate and distribute randomly in a polymer matrix is a problematic issue. In the current study, we developed a highly conductive and monoclinically aligned MWNT-polyamide 6 (PA) nanocomposite containing interfacing flavin moieties. In this system, the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) initially serves as a noncovalent aqueous surfactant for individualizing MWNTs in the form of FMN-wrapped MWNTs (FMN-MWNT), and then partially decomposed FMN (dFMN) induces crystallization of the PA on the MWNTs. The results of experiments performed using material subjected to partial dissolution of PA matrix show that the nanocomposite PA-dFMN-MWNT, formed by melt extrusion of PA and dFMN-MWNT, contains a three-dimensional monoclinic MWNT network embedded in an equally monoclinic PA matrix. An increase in monoclinic network promoted by an increase in the content of MWNT increases σ of the nanocomposite up to 100 S/m, the highest value reported for a polymer-MWNT nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction along with transmission electron microscopy reveal that the presence of dFMN induces the formation of monoclinic PA on dFMN-MWNT. The high σ of the PA-dFMN-MWNT nanocomposite is also a consequence of a minimization of defect formation of MWNT by noncovalent functionalization. Hierarchical structural ordering, yet individualization of MWNTs, provides a viable strategy to improve the physical property of nanocomposites.

Facile Fabrication of High-Performance Thin Film Nanocomposite Desalination Membranes Imbedded with Alkyl Group-Capped Silica Nanoparticles.

The advantages of thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis (TFN-RO) membranes have been demonstrated by numerous studies within the last decade. This study proposes a facile and novel method to tune the microscale and nanoscale structures, which has good potential to fabricate high-performance TFN-RO membranes. This method involves the addition of alkyl capped silica nanoparticles (alkyl-silica NPs) into the organic phase during interfacial polymerization (IP). We discovered for the first time that the high concentration alkyl-silica NPs in organic solvent isopar-G can limit the diffusion of MPD molecules at the interface, therefore shaping the intrinsic thickness and microstructures of the PA layer. Moreover, the alkyl group modification greatly reduces the NPs agglomeration and increases the compatibility between the NPs and the PA matrix. We further demonstrate that the doping of alkyl-silica NPs impacts the performance of the TFN-RO membrane by affecting intrinsic thickness, higher surface area, hydrophobic plugging effect, and higher surface charge by a series of characterization. At brackish water desalination conditions (2000 ppm NaCl, 1.55 MPa), the optimal brackish water flux was 55.3 L/m2∙h, and the rejection was maintained at 99.6%, or even exceeded this baseline. At seawater desalination conditions (32,000 ppm NaCl, 5.5 MPa), the optimized seawater flux reached 67.7 L/m2∙h, and the rejection was sustained at 99.4%. Moreover, the boron rejection was elevated by 11%, which benefits from a hydrophobic plugging effect of the alkyl groups.

The effect of in situ‐formed copolymers on the morphology of reactive poly(phenylene ether)/poly(amide‐6) blends

AbstractPoly(phenylene ether) (PPE)/poly(amide‐6) (PA6) blends are examined in light of the information provided by two‐dimensional chromatography and chemorheology. Chromatography provides a snapshot of the blend composition in the finished material, while rheology presents us with a direct insight into the reactions taking place in the melt. Block copolymer formation is chromatographically confirmed for the blends prepared with a coupling agent, but also for the blend prepared without any coupling agent. No co‐continuous morphology is observed by scanning electron microscope. Instead, a coarse structure of PPE droplets in the PA6 matrix is obtained for the blend prepared without coupling agent. This is explained by the combined effects of the low viscosity of PA6 and the inherently formed copolymers. The PPE domains are smaller in the blends prepared with the coupling agents. Their size is correlated with the copolymer formation, surface tension, and interphase relaxation time. The data evidence a complex system where reactions resulting in the formation of copolymer via coupling or grafting take place together with the extension of the PPE and condensation growth of the PA6 polymers.

Improvement of polyamide/thermoplastic polyurethane blends with polyamide 6‐polyurethane copolymer prepared via suspension polymerization as compatibilizer

AbstractThe polyamide 6‐polyurethane copolymer (PA6‐b‐PU‐b‐PA6) was synthesized through anionic suspension polymerization and then mixed with polyamide 6/thermoplastic polyurethane (PA6/TPU) and polyamide 6, 6/thermoplastic polyurethane (PA66/TPU) blends using as the compatibilizer. The results show that the PA6‐b‐PU‐b‐PA6 copolymers powders several can be obtained through suspension polymerization using dimethicone as disperse medium. The average diameter of PA6‐b‐PU‐b‐PA6 copolymer powders decreased with the increasing of PU content. With the addition of PA6‐b‐PU‐b‐PA6, the TPU phase dispersed more uniformly in PA6 or PA66 matrix, and the size of TPU dispersed phase decreased obviously. The PA6‐b‐PU‐b‐PA6 copolymer with higher PU content shows better compatibilizing effect. Addition of PA6‐b‐PU‐b‐PA6 can improve both strength and toughness of the PA/TPU blends. When the amount of PA6‐PU25% copolymer was 5 phr, the tensile strength and notched impact strength of PA6/TPU/PA6‐PU25% blends increased 29 and 159.4%, respectively, compared to the PA6/TPU blend without compatibilizer.

Polymer-bonded anisotropic SrFe12O19 filaments for fused filament fabrication

In this publication, we describe the extrusion process and the properties of polymer-bonded anisotropic SrFe12O19 filaments for fused filament fabrication (FFF). Highly filled polyamide 12 filaments with a filling fraction from 40 vol. % to 55 vol. % are mixed and extruded into filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm. Such filaments are processable with a conventional FFF 3D printer. No modifications of the 3D printer are necessary. Detailed mechanical and magnetic investigations of printed samples are performed and discussed. In the presence of an external alignment field, the Sr ferrite particles inside the PA12 matrix can be aligned along an external magnetic field. The remanence can be increased by 40% by printing anisotropic structures. For the 55 vol. % filled filament, a remanence of 212.8 mT and a coercivity of 307.4 mT are measured. The capabilities of printing magnetic anisotropic structures in a complex external field are presented with a Halbach-array arrangement. With the aim of an inverse field model, based on a finite element method, the orientation of the particles and the quality of the print can be estimated by a nondestructive method.

Friction Welding for Functional Prototypes of PA6 and ABS with Al Powder Reinforcement

In the present work, 3D-printed cylindrical discs of dissimilar thermoplastics [polyamide (PA6) reinforced with Al powder and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) reinforced with Al powder] have been successfully joined by friction welding (FW) for structural applications such as joining of pavement sheets and assembly of pipe lines. The melt flow index of PA6 + Al and ABS + Al matrix was maintained in a suitable range by varying the proportions of Al in PA6 and ABS matrix. After fixing proportions of Al powder in PA6 and ABS matrix, these matrix proportions were used for preparation of feed stock filament of fused deposition modelling (FDM) filament by a twin-screw extrusion process. Finally, two FDM filaments of PA6 + Al and ABS + Al were fed into FDM machine independently. The cylindrical discs were printed on commercial FDM (one with filament of PA6 + Al and second with ABS + Al powder). These cylindrical discs of two dissimilar thermoplastic composite materials were processed on FW set-up (on central lathe machine). Finally, under the best parametric conditions of feed, rpm, etc., these polymer matrixes were successfully joined. This study provides a response surface methodology-based mathematical model for enhancing the weldability of dissimilar thermoplastic composites with improved mechanical/morphological properties.

Influence of Macromolecular Brushes with Polyimide Backbones and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Side Chains on Structure, Physical, and Transport Properties of Polyphthalamide

Composite films based on polyamide (poly(m‐phenylene‐iso‐phthalamide)) (PA) and a brush‐like polymer with polyimide (PI) backbone and side poly(methyl methacrylate) chains (PI‐PMMA) were prepared by mixing individual solutions of PA and PI‐PMMA and subsequent film casting. Macromolecular brushes with the same backbone length and density of side chains but with various lengths of side PMMA chains were synthesized via activator generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. Interactions between PA and PI‐PMMA, as well as distribution of PI‐PMMA filler inside the PA matrix, were studied by viscometry, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of polymer samples were also investigated. Microphase separation was revealed in PA/PI‐PMMA films. The length of side chains influences interactions between PA and PI‐PMMA. At the same time, the degree of reduction in the rigidity parameters and in the elasticity parameter depends on the side chain length. Diffusion membranes were prepared on the basis of compositions with the best mechanical properties; these membranes proved to be highly efficient in pervaporation of methanol–hexane mixture. It was established that the fluxes and separation factors of the studied membranes are several times higher as compared to the corresponding characteristics of known commercial membranes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:481–490, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

Experimental Analysis on the Application of Polymer Matrix Composites Containing Al2O3 for Automotive Lamp Reflector

As automotive lamps are highly integrated, the heat generated from bulbs reduces the light quantity and lifespan of the bulbs. Numerous studies have been actively conducted worldwide on heat dissipation designs and material modifications for heat release. In this study, an analysis was carried out of the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) and Polyamide (PA6) matrix composites containing alumina filler; further, their flowability and injection moldability were also studied. The PA6 matrix that was subjected to an addition of 60% alumina was selected as the sample. To compare the performances of the selected composites with that of the fog lamp reflector manufactured with conventional PBT, fog lamp reflectors were fabricated. When 60% alumina was added, the thermal conductivity was improved. Thus, the maximum temperature of the lamp reflector was reduced, and the heat was transferred to the surroundings; this was in contrast to the fog lamp reflector fabricated with conventional PBT.

Green fabrication of functionalized graphene via one-step method and its reinforcement for polyamide 66 fibers

Graphene has attracted a significant number of attentions due to the extraordinary properties. Development of a method to obtain graphene with high yield and quality is crucial for the investigations and applications of graphene. However, the large-scale fabrication of mono- and few-layer graphene sheets still remains challenges. This paper demonstrates a green and scalable one-step fabrication of single- and few-layer graphene by graphite delamination in water/tannic acid (TA) dispersion using a high-pressure homogenizer. The effect of TA concentration, homogenization pressure, and homogenization cycles on the quality and concentration of graphene dispersions were systematically investigated. The concentration of the graphene sheets (GS-TA) in TA aqueous solution reaches up to 1.16 mg/mL, with about 84% of them are fewer than five layers. Significantly, the exfoliated GS-TA is highly stable for more than 5 months. Next, for a potential application, the GS-TA/polyamide 66 composite fibers were melt-spun. The non-covalent functionalization of graphene compatibilized the interface between graphene and PA66 matrix, and increased the filler's dispersibility in the PA66 matrix. The results show ~118% enhancement in tensile strength of polyamide 66 nanocomposite fibers when the loading of GS-TA is 0.1 wt%. It is believed that this new green protocol for graphene production will pave the way for relatively simple industrial-scale fabrication of high-performance graphene-based nanocomposites.

Effect of Cross-Linking Degree of EPDM Phase on the Morphology Evolution and Crystallization Behavior of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Based on Polyamide 6 (PA6)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber (EPDM) Blends.

As a special class of “green” elastomers, thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) have been widely used in industries due to the combination of the excellent resilience of conventional elastomers and the easy recyclability of thermoplastics. Here, the morphology evolution of TPVs based on polyamide 6/ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (PA6/EPDM) blends was investigated by varying the content of the curing agent, phenolic resin (PF). With the incorporation of 6 wt% PF, the gel content of the EPDM phase reaches a high value of 49.6 wt% and a typical sea-island structure is formed with EPDM domain in a micro-nano size. The dynamic rheology behaviors of TPVs showed that with the curing degree of EPDM phase increasing, a denser network of EPDM particles is formed in PA6 matrix. Additionally, a lower crystal degree and crystal peak temperature are observed, indicating that there exists a growth restriction of PA6 crystal plate induced by a thinner plastic layer between the adjacent EPDM particles. However, the crystal form of PA6 is not changed with the increasing curing degree of the EPDM phase. This study provides an effective strategy to realize a new kind of TPVs, which can be easily introduced into industrial applications.