Space Group P63mc Research Articles

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

This work presents a simple chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method to grow ZnO nanostructures. By annealing Zn powder under atmospheric pressure conditions, we collected nanocrystals with various morphologies, including rods, pencils, sheets, combs, tetrapods, and multilegs. Raman scattering study reveals that the samples are monophasic with a hexagonal structure, and fall into the P63mc space group. Depending on the morphology and crystal quality, their photoluminescence spectra have only a strong UV emission associated with the exciton radiative recombination, or both UV and defect-related visible emissions with their relative intensity ratio varying with the excitation power density. The obtained results prove that ZnO exhibits many novel nanostructures that can foster the development of next-generation optoelectronic nanodevices and new applications in biological and biomedical fields.

Carbon Nitride‐Supported Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and the Development of Disposable Sensors

AbstractThe carbon nitride‐supported zinc oxide (CNZO) nanocomposite was synthesized through a high‐temperature synthesis method, resulting in zinc oxide nanoparticles with an average size of ~44 nm, dispersed on a carbon nitride matrix. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite phase of zinc oxide, with a space group of P63mc. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared analysis further verified the presence of both zinc oxide and carbon nitride. The CNZO nanocomposite served as a catalyst for the electrochemical detection of dopamine, achieving limit of detection and sensitivity of 2.66 μM and 6.23 μA μM−1 cm−2 respectively, using square wave voltammetry technique. Cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrated excellent electroactivity of the CNZO nanocomposite in a neutral pH environment. An electrochemical paper‐based analytical device (EPAD) was designed and successfully employed for the electrochemical analysis of dopamine in pharmaceutical samples using CNZO nanocomposites. Additionally, CNZO was used as an active material in the development of a disposable dopamine sensor based on an extended gate field‐effect transistor (EG‐FET). This sensor exhibited a sensitivity and limit of detection 18.22 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 0.36 μM, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99.

Effect of Electron Irradiation on the Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Powder Modified by Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles

The effect of modifying ZnO powders with MgO nanoparticles (with a concentration of 0.1–10 wt. %) on their diffuse reflectance spectra in the region of 0.2–2.5 μm before and after irradiation with 30 keV electrons was studied. Modification of ZnO powder was carried out by MgO nanopowder with concentrations from 0.1 to 10 wt. % using a solid-state method at 650°C heating temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that this method of modification there is no formation of additional phases. It has been established that zinc oxide structure symmetry belongs to the P63mc space group, magnesium oxide – to the Fm–3m space group. The spectral reflectance of such powders in the visible region is over 90%. Under irradiating by 30 keV electrons of initial and modified ZnO powders, as well as MgO nanopowder, a decrease in their reflectance recorded in the entire studied region of the spectrum. It has been established that modification with MgO nanoparticles at a concentration of 3 wt. % leads to an increase in radiation resistance by a factor of 1.32 compared to unmodified samples. This effect is determined by the sink of radiation defects on the large specific surface area of nanoparticles.

K3Y3(BO3)4: A Potential UV Nonlinear-Optical Crystal Designed by a Chemical Substitution Strategy.

Nonlinear-optical (NLO) crystals capable of controlling and manipulating light to generate coherent radiation at challenging wavelengths are of significant interest. However, designing a new UV NLO crystal remains difficult due to the rigid requirements for structure and properties. Herein, we have successfully designed and synthesized a novel noncentrosymmetric (NCS) rare-earth borate UV NLO crystal, K3Y3(BO3)4, through the heterovalence substitution of YAl3(BO3)4. K3Y3(BO3)4 (KYBO) crystallizes in the NCS and polar space group of P63mc, with the structure formed by the interconnectioned BO3 triangles and YO8 polyhedra through corner-sharing and edge-sharing. The property measurements indicate that KYBO is second-harmonic-generation-active with a moderate response, ∼2 × KDP. Meanwhile, KYBO can exhibit a short UV cutoff edge (λcutoff < 190 nm), indicating its potential as a new UV or deep-UV NLO crystal.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye using time-dependent ZnO nano spindle

Photocatalysis, utilizing metal–semiconductor oxides, has emerged as a promising technique for the oxidation of organic molecules due to its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature. This study presents the synthesis and application of time-dependent ZnO nano spindles for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye. ZnO nanostructures, known for their high photocatalytic activity, were synthesized using a simple and low-cost coprecipitation method, with the spindle morphology being fine-tuned by varying reaction times. The resulting nano spindles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–vis spectroscopy to confirm their structural, morphological, and optical properties. XRD analysis revealed that the ZnO samples possess a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a space group of P63mc. SEM analysis confirmed the formation of spindle-like morphologies, with the synthesized samples measuring just a few nanometers in size. The surface area and porosity of the ZnO samples have been observed by using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The obtained surface area of all ZnO samples is in the range of 15 to 30 m2g−1. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated under UV light irradiation, demonstrating that the degradation efficiency of CV dye significantly depends on the exposure duration and the morphological attributes of the ZnO nano spindles. The degradation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, with the optimized ZnO nano spindles achieving up to 99 % degradation efficiency within 150 min. This study highlights the potential of time-dependent morphological control in ZnO nanostructures to enhance photocatalytic processes, presenting a viable solution for the treatment of dye-laden wastewater.

Weak antilocalization in the topological semimetal candidate YbAuSb

We report a study of the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of YbAuSb single crystals, which were grown using the bismuth flux. The x-ray diffraction data indicate that YbAuSb crystallizes in LiGaGe-type hexagonal structure with space groupP63mc. Our magnetic measurements revealed that YbAuSb is nonmagnetic with a divalent state of ytterbium ion. The temperature-dependent electrical resistivity exhibits a metallic behavior. A cusp-like feature in transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistance is observed at the low field regime. This cusp-like feature is attributed to the weak antilocalization (WAL) effect, which is more prominent at low temperatures. The transverse magnetoconductivity in low field region follows semiclassical model∼B, which is consistent with the presence of WAL phenomena. The WAL effect in transverse and longitudinal magnetoconductance is well explained using the modified Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka and generalized Altshuler-Aronov model, respectively. The Hall resistivity shows a linear field dependence with a positive slope, suggesting hole charge carriers dominate in electrical transport. The calculated carrier density and mobility are in the order of 1020 cm-3and 102 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively.

The Non-Centrosymmetric Borate Hydride Sr4Ba3(BO3)3.83H2.5.

Sr4Ba3(BO3)3.83H2.5, as the second compound to combine borate and hydride ions, has been synthesized by a mechanochemical synthesis route. The structure has been elucidated by synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and determined to crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric space group P63mc (186) with the cell parameters a=10.87762(15) Å and c=6.98061(11) Å. A detailed investigation of the compound by vibrational spectroscopy in combination with Density Functional Theory calculations reveals the disordered nature of the structure and proves the presence of both borate and hydride ions. Electronic band structure calculations predict a large band gap of 7.1 eV. Hydride states are predicted at the topmost valence band, which agrees well with earlier reported heteroanionic hydrides. We hereby were able to successfully apply previously synthetic and analytical schemes to introduce another member of the rare compounds that contain complex oxoanions simultaneously with hydride ions.

Synthesis and Comprehensive Studies of Be‐IV‐N2 (IV=Si, Ge): Solving the Mystery of Wurtzite‐Type Pmc21 Structures

AbstractThe research for wurtzite‐type ternary nitride semiconductors containing earth abundant elements with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 : 2 was focused on metals like Mg or Zn, so far. The vast majority of these Grimm–Sommerfeld analogue compounds crystallize in the β‐NaFeO2 structure, although a second arrangement in space group Pmc21 is predicted to be a viable alternative. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental studies, this structure has so far remained undiscovered. Herein, we report on BeGeN2 in a Pmc21 structure, synthesized from Be3N2 and Ge3N4 using a high‐pressure high‐temperature approach at 6 GPa and 800 °C. The compound was characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, temperature‐dependent PXRD, second harmonic generation (SHG) and UV/Vis measurements and in addition also compared to its lighter homologue BeSiN2 in all mentioned analytic techniques. The synthesis and investigation of both the first beryllium germanium nitride and the first ternary wurtzite‐type nitride crystallizing in space group Pmc21 open the door to a new field of research on wurtzite‐type related structures.

Synthesis and Comprehensive Studies of Be-IV-N2 (IV=Si, Ge): Solving the Mystery of Wurtzite-Type Pmc21 Structures.

The research for wurtzite-type ternary nitride semiconductors containing earth abundant elements with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 : 2 was focused on metals like Mg or Zn, so far. The vast majority of these Grimm-Sommerfeld analogue compounds crystallize in the β-NaFeO2 structure, although a second arrangement in space group Pmc21 is predicted to be a viable alternative. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental studies, this structure has so far remained undiscovered. Herein, we report on BeGeN2 in a Pmc21 structure, synthesized from Be3N2 and Ge3N4 using a high-pressure high-temperature approach at 6 GPa and 800 °C. The compound was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, temperature-dependent PXRD, second harmonic generation (SHG) and UV/Vis measurements and in addition also compared to its lighter homologue BeSiN2 in all mentioned analytic techniques. The synthesis and investigation of both the first beryllium germanium nitride and the first ternary wurtzite-type nitride crystallizing in space group Pmc21 open the door to a new field of research on wurtzite-type related structures.

Cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles and PLD-deposited thin film forms: structure, optical properties and nature of magnetic anisotropy.

Cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a modified sol-gel method. Thereafter, the obtained powder was deposited on a Suprasil glass substrate by employing a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. X-ray diffraction analysis with Rietveld refinement confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phase belonging to the P63 mc space group for both samples in the NP and thin film forms. In particular, the thin film exhibited an intensive (002) XRD peak, indicating that it had a preferred c-axis orientation owing to the self-texturing mechanism. No segregated secondary phases were detected. The crystallite structure, morphology, and size were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). To study the crystalline quality, structural disorder, and defects in the host lattice, we employed Raman spectroscopy. UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy was performed to confirm the nature of the Co-doped ZnO NP powder and the film. The chemical states of oxygen and zinc in the thin film sample were also investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The M-T curve could be successfully fitted using both the three-dimensional (3D) spin-wave model and Curie-Weiss law, confirming the mixed state existence of weak ferromagnetic (FM) and paramagnetic (PM) phases. Magnetic interaction was quantitatively studied and explained by polaronic percolation of bound magnetic polarons (BMPs). Analysis of magnetic symmetry of the topological antiferromagnetic as-deposited thin film using torque measurements was performed. Based on a phenomenological model, it was revealed that the structure gives rise to uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy (UMA) with the magnetic easy axis parallel to the c-axis.

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Terminalia arjuna bark extract: structural, optical and photocatalytic study

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by using Terminalia arjuna bark extract via a green route. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction confirmed the prepared samples are crystalline having hexagonal wurtzite structure with space group P63 mc and average crystallite size is found to be 8.93 nm. Rietveld refinement of the data was carried out using Material Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD) software and reliability parameters of the refinement have been obtained. Optical properties of the sample investigated by ultraviolet – visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy reveal an absorption peak to lie at 348 nm and the direct optical band gap energy using Kubelka–Munk function is found to be 3.20 eV. Morphological investigation using scanning electron microscopy revealed that ZnO nanoparticles are nearly spherical and agglomerated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis showed the presence of Zn and O only. Transmission electron microscopy imaging confirmed the predominant hexagonal structure of the prepared nanoparticles having average particles size of 9.66 nm, which is in agreement with the X-ray diffraction result. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups and different vibrational modes present in the sample. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared ZnO nanoparticles was studied using methylene blue (MB) dye under a single wavelength UV light source (λ = 254 nm). The degree of degradation of MB solution was about 56 % within 120 min of illumination to UV light and the degradation reaction follows first order kinetics with rate constant 0.00434 min−1.

Gompherna globosa flower extract-driven ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties

The aqueous extract of Gomphrena globosa flowers was utilized for the first time as an effective capping and reducing agent for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were examined using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and UV–vis spectroscopy. XRD revealed the single-phase wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles with a P63mc space group with an average size of 23 nm. The band gap of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was determined as 3.16 eV from UV–vis spectroscopy. The rod-shaped structure of the synthesized ZnO NPs was revealed by SEM. The presence of the elements Zn & O was confirmed by EDAX. TEM and SAED confirmed that the average particle size was 26 nm and that the material was polycrystalline. The bio-inspired ZnO NPs achieved outstanding degradation activity of 95.4% against Malachite Green dye after 20 min of UV illumination. The antibacterial properties of the green synthesized nanoparticles were assessed in relation to gram-positive (Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp.,) and gram-negative (E. coli, Klebsiella sp.) bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles possess strong antifungal property against a pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger. This study shows that green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles derived from Gomphrena globosa flower extract are recommended for use in anti-microbial and photocatalytic applications.

Investigation of physicochemical characteristics of Dy3+ modified ZnO nanoparticles

In this report, pristine and Dy3+ modified ZnO nanoparticles [Zn(1-x)DyxO NPs, where x = 0, 0.05, and 0.10] were synthesized using the sol–gel route, and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. x-ray diffractograms of all the compositions possess P63mc space group depicting hexagonal crystallinity with wurtzite-type crystal structure with no signature of impurities as confirmed using the Rietveld refinement technique. The granular microstructure displayed grain growth with Dy3+ incorporation in the ZnO crystal framework and an increment in average grain size was found to be 22.83 nm for x = 0 to 36.34 nm. The optical energy band gap also increased from 3.35 eV to 3.88 eV with Dy3+ doping in the host ZnO. Dy3+ substitution inhibits the conduction in ZnO and improves the resistivity (36 Ωcm–79 Ωcm) as carrier concentration diminishes from 7.36 × 1016 cm−3 to 4.23 × 1016 cm−3. Similarly, the mean free path length for ZnO and Dy3+ doped ZnO NPs declines from 0.0301 nm to 0.0198 nm. Dielectric properties of all the compositions were investigated using an LCR impedance analyzer and it was observed that Dy3+ substitution enhances the value of the dielectric constant from 32 to 91 with a low tangent loss at 50 Hz.

Bryophyllum pinnatum mediated eco-friendly synthesized porous microstructures of self-assembled Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles for methylene blue removal

Cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Co-ZnO NPs) were synthesized using a phytoextract mediated technique with varying concentrations of Co (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 at.%), employing Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract as the stabilizing/capping agent. XRD analysis revealed that the synthesized Co-ZnO crystallize in a wurtzite crystalline phase with P63mc space group. FE-SEM imaging depicted the self-assembly of nanoparticles, forming porous microstructures. UV–Visible spectra analysis indicated a gradual decrease in the bandgap energy of the ZnO lattice with increasing Co concentration. Additionally, by examining the photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB), the photocatalytic activity of the Co-ZnO NPs was assessed. Results showed that Co-ZnO NPs with 5 % Co exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, suggesting an optimal Co dopant concentration that minimizes the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers compared to other samples. Under sunlight exposure, Co-ZnO NPs with 5 % Co demonstrated effective photocatalytic activity, achieving the degradation of 98.08 % of a 10 mg/L MB solution within 60 min using a 1.2 g/L dosage, with a rate constant of 0.0582 min−1.

Ternary intermetallic compounds R23Ru7In4 (R[dbnd]Ce, Pr): Synthesis, crystal structure and physical properties

Two novel ternary intermetallic compounds Ce23Ru7In4 and Pr23Ru7In4 were synthesized by arc melting of components and subsequent annealing at 600 °C. Both compounds crystallize in a hexagonal cell, with structure type Pr23Ir7Mg4, space group P63mc (№ 186), Pearson symbol hP68, Z = 2, the cell parameters: a = 9.861(5) Å, c = 22.520(12) Å (Ce); a = 9.9260(7) Å, c = 22.4109(2) Å (Pr). The structure of Ce23Ru7In4 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the structure of Pr23Ru7In4 was determined by the Rietveld method using powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Compound Ce23Ru7+xIn4-x exist in the homogeneity range 0 ≤ x ≤ 3. An essential feature of compound Ce23Ru7In4 is the presence of abnormally short distances Ce–Ru (2.637 Å, 2.735 Å). The compound Pr23Ru7In4 melts incongruently and compound Ce23Ru7In4 melts congruently at temperatures 756 and 683°С respectively. The Pr23Ru7In4 compound is characterized by the presence of a magnetic transition at 12 K. The observed magnetic transition is most likely indicative of a transition to the spin glass state.

The Crystal Structure of Al4SiC4 Revisited.

Al4SiC4 is a ternary wide-band-gap semiconductor with a high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent oxidation resistance. It consists of slabs of Al4C3 separated by SiC layers with the space group of P63mc. The space group allows Si to occupy two different 2a Wykoff sites, with previous studies reporting that Si occupies only one of the two sites, giving it an ordered structure. Another hitherto unexplored possibility is that Si can be randomly distributed on both 2a sites. In this work, we revisit the published ordered crystal structure using experimental methods and density functional theory (DFT). Al4SiC4 was synthesized by high-temperature sintering at 1800 °C from a powder mixture of Al4C3 and SiC. Neutron diffraction confirmed that Al4SiC4 crystallized with the space group of P63mc, with diffraction patterns that could be fitted to both the ordered and the disordered structures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, however, provided clear evidence supporting the latter, with DFT calculations further confirming that it is 0.16 eV lower in energy per Al4SiC4 formula unit than the former. TEM analysis revealed Al vacancies in some of the atomic layers that can introduce p-type doping and direct band gaps of 0.7 and 1.2 eV, agreeing with our optical measurements. Finally, we propose that although the calculated formation energy of the Al vacancies is high, the vacancies are stabilized by entropy effects at the high synthesis temperature. This indicates that the cooling procedure after high-temperature synthesis can be important in determining the vacancy content and the electronic properties of Al4SiC4.

Crystal structures of two new high-pressure oxynitrides with composition SnGe4N4O4, from single-crystal electron diffraction.

SnGe4N4O4 was synthesized at high pressure (16 and 20 GPa) and high temperature (1200 and 1500°C) in a large-volume press. Powder X-ray diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation indicate that the derived samples are mixtures of known and unknown phases. However, the powder X-ray diffraction patterns are not sufficient for structural characterization. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal crystals of several hundreds of nanometres in size with different chemical composition. Among them, crystals of a previously unknown phase with stoichiometry SnGe4N4O4 were detected and investigated using automated diffraction tomography (ADT), a three-dimensional electron diffraction method. Via ADT, the crystal structure could be determined from single nanocrystals in space group P63mc, exhibiting a nolanite-type structure. This was confirmed by density functional theory calculations and atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images. In one of the syntheses runs a rhombohedral 6R polytype of SnGe4N4O4 could be found together with the nolanite-type SnGe4N4O4. The structure of this polymorph was solved as well using ADT.

Effect of cobalt and aluminum doping on the structural and magnetic properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles

A systematic study of the substitution effect of Co and Al on ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy and using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer to study their structural, morphological, and magnetic properties. Zn1−xMxO (M = Co, Al) at different doping concentrations was prepared using a hydrothermal technique. The XRD results with structural Rietveld refinement reveal that the major phase of all samples had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a P63mc space group. Hysteresis loops with no magnetic saturation at high fields were analyzed at 2 K in all samples. Zero magnetic remanence and zero coercivity were also examined. The results demonstrated that the magnetic ground state at 2 K in all samples was magnetism with the coexistence of antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, and superparamagnetic phases. This behavior persisted at 100 and 300 K in the Al-doped sample, while Co-doped ones exhibited a paramagnetic state only. The role of non-magnetic doping, which leads to the appearance of magnetism in ZnO nanoparticles persisting at high temperatures, is discussed herein.

Real Competitors to Ruby: The Triel Oxonitridoborates AlB4O6N, Al0.97Cr0.03B4O6N, and Al0.83Cr0.17B4O6N

AbstractAlB4O6N, Al0.97Cr0.03B4O6N, and Al0.83Cr0.17B4O6N are the first representatives of the recently established structure‐family of oxonitridoborates containing Al3+. These compounds are isotypic to CrB4O6N and are synthesized in a multi‐anvil press under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of 7.0 GPa/1350 °C. Structural refinement by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that they crystallize in the space group P63mc (no. 186) with two formula units per cell. Detailed characterization including high‐temperature X‐ray powder diffraction (HT‐XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), measurements of second harmonic generation (SHG), hardness, photoluminescence properties, vibrational spectroscopy, and band structure calculations reveal intriguing physicochemical properties that strongly resemble the famous material ruby.

Anionic Sublattices in Halide Solid Electrolytes: A Case Study with the High-Pressure Phase of Li3ScCl6.

The Li3MX6 compounds (M=Sc, Y, In; X=Cl, Br) are known as promising ionic conductors due to their compatibility with typical metal oxide cathode materials. In this study, we have successfully synthesized γ-Li3ScCl6 using high pressure for the first time in this family. Structural analysis revealed that the high-pressure polymorph crystallizes in the polar and chiral space group P63mc with hexagonal close-packing (hcp) of anions, unlike the ambient-pressure α-Li3ScCl6 and its spinel analog with cubic closed packing (ccp) of anions. Investigation of the known Li3MX6 family further revealed that the cation/anion radius ratio, rM/rX, is the factor that determines which anion sublattice is formed and that in γ-Li3ScCl6, the difference in compressibility between Sc and Cl exceeds the ccp rM/rX threshold under pressure, enabling the ccp-to-hcp conversion. Electrochemical tests of γ-Li3ScCl6 demonstrate improved electrochemical reduction stability. These findings open up new avenues and design principles for lithium solid electrolytes, enabling routes for materials exploration and tuning electrochemical stability without compositional changes or the use of coatings.