P1 Group Research Articles

Reflecting on the impact of the COVID pandemic on patient management and its subsequent influence on long-term outcomes: a case–control study in the field of esophago-gastric cancer

BackgroundThe delivery of cancer services changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to describe changes in presentations, assess the change in recommendations by the MDT during the pandemic, and describe the subsequent long-term impact of these changes on survival rates in patients with EG cancer.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed comparing three patient groups of those referred to EG MDT in the same 6-month period pre-pandemic (PP;2019) during the initial phase of the pandemic (P1;2020) and the year after the initial phase (P2;2021). The primary aim of this study was to describe and compare deviations from the standard of care across these three timeframes. Secondary outcomes included differences in the number of new cases with early and advanced oesophageal and gastric lesions, a comparison of survival rates among the groups, and an analysis of postoperative histopathology to identify any shifts in the tumour stage across the studied periods.ResultsA consistent demographic profile across these periods was maintained, but with a significant decrease in patient referrals during P1 (35.25% reduction from PP to P1 and 9.5% reduction from PP to P2), quicker ‘time to treatment’ during P1 (130.8 days in P1 vs 162 in PP and 178.9 in P2), and notable changes in treatment modalities. Additionally, we found an increased deviation from initial curative to palliative intent in the P2 group (6.4% changed in P2 vs 2.2% in PP and 3.5% in P2) primarily driven by disease progression. A further significant observation was the emergence of more aggressive tumour characteristics, particularly in the P2 group, albeit without a statistically significant difference in two-year overall survival rates among the groups (p-value 0.31).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted oesophagogastric cancer care, with a reduction in patient referral rates during the initial pandemic phase and a subsequent increase in more advanced stage disease. Our findings from a major UK EG centre highlight accelerated treatment decision-making during the initial pandemic phase was possible and that standard of care was maintained. These insights provide valuable lessons for healthcare systems in managing cancer care during global health emergencies.

THE INCREASE IN BODY WEIGHT, SMALL INTESTINE LENGTH, AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO (FCR) OF BROILER CHICKENS GIVEN HEAT STRESS AND BANANA BLOSSOM PEEL EXTRACT (Musa paradisiaca)

This study aims to determine the increased of body weight, small intestine length, and food conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens given heat stress and banana blossom peel extract (Musa paradisiaca). This study was an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments. The experimental animals used in this study were female broiler chickens of the Cobb strain, 2 weeks old and weighing between 350-400 g, totaling 25 chickens. Chickens in P0 were not exposed to heat stress and banana blossom peel extract, while the chicken in P1, P2, P3, and P4 were exposed to heat stress and administered with 0.0, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/L banana blossom peel extract, respectively. The temperature in the heated cage accumulated slowly starting at 10:00 WIB and was maintained stable at 33±1° C for five hours. Banana blossom peel extract was given by dissolving it in drinking water for two hours (at 10:00) before the temperature in the cage reached 33±1° C. The data obtained were processed using the Kruskal-Wallis and continued with the Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between treatments P1 and P4 on body weight gain and small intestine length (P0.05). Meanwhile, for the FCR value, only the P4 group met the standard, which was 1.57. Giving banana blossom peel extract at a dose of 1500 mg/L has been able to increase body weight, small intestine length, and decrease the FCR value in broiler chickens experiencing heat stress with a temperatu re of 33±1° C for 5 hours with a duration of 20 days.

Exploring the Potential Effects of Soybean By-Product (Hulls) and Enzyme (Beta-Mannanase) on Laying Hens During Peak Production.

This study determined the interaction between soybean hulls (SHs) and enzymes (β-mannanase) to improve the sustainability and efficacy of feeding programs for laying hens during peak production while ensuring the best health and efficiency. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 200 golden-brown hens were fed for four weeks (33 to 36 weeks) and randomly distributed into four groups, each containing four replicates of ten birds, with one group receiving a control diet (P0) and the others receiving diets that contained four combinations of SHs and enzymes (ENZs). e.g., 3% SHs and 0.02 g/kg ENZs (P1), 3% SHs and 0.03 g/kg ENZs (P2), 9% SHs and 0.02 g/kg ENZs (P3), and 9% SHs and 0.03 g/kg ENZs (P4). Although most egg quality measures remained similar, the P2 group showed enhanced (p = 0.630) egg weight, albumen weight, and height. Moreover, the P2 group improved gut (p < 0.05) shape by increasing villus width, height, crypt depth, and surface area throughout intestinal sections, while the P4 group markedly improved total cholesterol and LDL (p = 0.022) levels. The P1, P2, and P4 groups exhibited a significant enhancement in dry matter (p = 0.022) and crude fiber (p = 0.046) digestibility, while the P2 group demonstrated superior crude protein digestibility (p = 0.032), and the P1 and P2 groups showed increased crude fat digestibility compared to the other groups. In conclusion, adding 3% of SHs and 30 mg/kg of ENZs (β-mannanase) to the feed may help laying hens, enhance gut health and some egg quality indices, and decrease blood cholesterol and LDL levels without compromising nutrient digestibility.

Secretome from hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for ischemic stroke: Investigations on VEGF and GFAP expression

Ischemic stroke is a sudden onset of neurological deficit resulting from a blockage in cerebral blood vessels, which can lead to brain tissue damage, chronic disability, and increased risk of mortality. Secretome from hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells (SH-MSC) is a potential therapy to improve neurological deficit by increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and reducing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These effects can reduce the infarction area of ischemic stroke. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 150 μL and 300 μL SH-MSC injection on VEGF and GFAP expression as well as the improvement of infarction area in ischemic stroke animal model. A post-test-only experimental design with consecutive sampling was used, with Rattus norvegicus as subjects. Stromal mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSCs) were isolated from the umbilical cords of rats at 21 days of gestation. Secretome production by the S-MSCs was induced under a hypoxic condition, and subsequently isolated. The resultant secretome was administered to rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) at doses of 150 μL (P1 group) and 300 μL (P2 group). The results showed that the infarction area was reduced in P1 (p&lt;0.001) and P2 groups (p&lt;0.001). SH-MSC at a dose of 300 μL increased the expression of VEGF (p=0.028) and reduced the expression of GFAP (p=0.001). In conclusion, secretome from hypoxic S-MSC could potentially improve ischemic stroke by upregulating VEGF expression and downregulating GFAP expression.

Response of soybean root exudates and related metabolic pathways to low phosphorus stress.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential elemental nutrient required in high abundance for robust soybean growth and development. Low P stress negatively impacts plant physiological and biochemical processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and energy transfer. Soybean roots play key roles in plant adaptive responses to P stress and other soil-related environmental stressors. Study the changes in soybean root exudates and differences in related metabolic pathways under low phosphorus stress, analyzing the response mechanism of soybean roots to phosphorus stress from the perspective of root exudates, which provide a theoretical basis for further analyzing the physiological mechanism of phosphorus stress on soybean. In this study, soybean roots were exposed to three phosphate levels: 1 mg/L (P stress), 11 mg/L (P stress) and 31 mg/L (Normal P) for 10 days and 20 days, then root exudates were analyzed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify effects of P stress on root metabolite profiles and associated metabolic pathways. Our results revealed that with increasing P stress severity and/or duration, soybean roots produced altered types, quantities, and increased numbers of exudate metabolites (DMs in the P1 group were primarily upregulated, whereas those in the P11 group were predominately downregulated) caused by changes in regulation of activities of numerous metabolic pathways. These pathways had functions related to environmental adaptation, energy metabolism, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species and primarily included amino acid, flavonoid, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic pathways and pathways related to isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, sugar catabolism, and phospholipid metabolism. These metabolites and metabolic pathways lay a foundation to support further investigations of physiological mechanisms underlying the soybean root response to P deficiency.

Providing black soldier fly maggot flour (Hermetia illucens) as a substitute for concentrated feed for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) content of broiler chickens

This study aims to determine the effect of concentrate substitution with maggot black soldier fly flour in the ration on the percentage of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in broilers. This study used 20 broilers strain Cobb 500 aged five weeks. The P0 group was given a basal diet consisting of 30% concentrate, 60% corn, and 10% rice bran. Groups of P1, P2, P3, and P4 were given basal diet with concentrate substitution of 2, 4, 6, 8% with maggot flour, respectively. Data collection was carried out at the end of the study. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the substitution of concentrate with maggot flour from black soldier flies had no significant effect (p&gt;0.05) on the percentage of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein(HDL)

Secretome from hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for ischemic stroke: Investigations on VEGF and GFAP expression.

Ischemic stroke is a sudden onset of neurological deficit resulting from a blockage in cerebral blood vessels, which can lead to brain tissue damage, chronic disability, and increased risk of mortality. Secretome from hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells (SH-MSC) is a potential therapy to improve neurological deficit by increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and reducing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These effects can reduce the infarction area of ischemic stroke. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 150 μL and 300 μL SH-MSC injection on VEGF and GFAP expression as well as the improvement of infarction area in ischemic stroke animal model. A post-test-only experimental design with consecutive sampling was used, with Rattus norvegicus as subjects. Stromal mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSCs) were isolated from the umbilical cords of rats at 21 days of gestation. Secretome production by the S- MSCs was induced under a hypoxic condition, and subsequently isolated. The resultant secretome was administered to rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) at doses of 150 μL (P1 group) and 300 μL (P2 group). The results showed that the infarction area was reduced in P1 (p<0.001) and P2 groups (p<0.001). SH-MSC at a dose of 300 μL increased the expression of VEGF (p=0.028) and reduced the expression of GFAP (p=0.001). In conclusion, secretome from hypoxic S-MSC could potentially improve ischemic stroke by upregulating VEGF expression and downregulating GFAP expression.

Unilateral nerve preservation during parametrectomy is not sufficient to prevent persistent urinary retention after cytoreductive endometriosis surgery.

This study sought to quantify the risks of urinary retention following different levels or degrees of nerve preservation during parametrectomies for deep endometriosis (DE). Women undergoing laparoscopic and robotic nerve-sparing DE surgeries were studied. The cases were divided into 6 groups according to the degree of preservation of parasympathetic parametrium fibers on each side: P1 (P1 left /P1 right-Excellent preservation: presacral and pararectal fascia bilateral preservation), P2 (P1/P2 or P2/P1, P2/P2-Regular preservation: fascia violation with local fat visualization-either of both sides; and P3 (P1/P3 or P3/P1, P2/P3 or P3/P2, P3/P3)-Poor preservation: musculature and pelvic floor exposure-even if only unilateral. Of a total of 151 women eligible for the study, 110 (72.8%) had excellent nerve preservation; 24 (15.8%) had regular nerve preservation, and 17 (11.2%) had poor-nerve preservation. The incidence of elevated PVR was higher in the P3 group. Thirty-five patients were catheterized post-operatively, more common in the P3 group. In four cases from the P3 group, prolonged intermittent self-catheterization after discharge was necessary. The calculated risk of needing intermittent catheterization in the P3 group was 23.1% up to 8weeks and 7.7% up to 8months post-surgery. Parametrectomy with poor-nerve preservation can lead to urinary retention, even with excellent contralateral preservation.

Effectiveness of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum) on Uric Acid and Cholesterol Levels in Caffeine-Induced Male Mice (Mus musculus)

Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) is one of the plants from Indonesia that has the potential to be used as a raw material for herbal medicine. Pharmacologically, bay leaves containing flavonoids have been shown to have antioxidant activity, which can reduce hyperuricemia and blood cholesterol levels. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of bay leaf extract in reducing uric acid and cholesterol levels in the blood of mice induced by caffeine. The mice tested animals were divided into six groups, namely a positive control group of uric acid, a positive control of cholesterol, where a positive control of uric acid was given allopurinol and a positive control of cholesterol was given simvastatin, a negative control was given Na-CMC 1%, and a group that was given bay leaf extract in different dose levels, namely P1 was given 20 mg/kg BB, P2 was given 40 mg/kg BB, and P3 was given 80 mg/kg BB. The parameters used were the decrease in blood uric acid and cholesterol levels caused after the treatment was measured using a POCT strip test for uric acid and cholesterol. The data obtained were statistically processed using the One-Way Anova test. The results of the Anova test showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the data on uric acid and cholesterol levels. Then continued with the results of Duncan's test to see the most effective dose level for bay leaf extract in reducing uric acid and cholesterol levels. In Duncan's test results, it was found that the P3 group of mice with a dose of 80 mg/kg BB was the most effective dose level in reducing uric acid and cholesterol levels in the blood of mice induced by caffeine.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Ameliorated Morphological Damage and Barrier Dysfunction and Reduced Apoptosis and Ferroptosis in the Jejunum of Oxidatively Stressed Piglets.

Oxidative stress induces apoptosis and ferroptosis, leading to intestinal injury of piglets. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8 (P8) has antioxidant capacity, but its roles in intestinal apoptosis and ferroptosis remain unclear. Here, 24 weaned piglets were assigned to three treatments: control (Con), diquat injection (DQ), and P8 supplementation + DQ injection (DQ + P8). The results showed that the increased jejunal oxidative stress, jejunal morphology impairment, and barrier dysfunction in the DQ-treated piglets were decreased by P8 supplementation. TUNEL and apoptosis-related gene expressions showed increased jejunal apoptosis of DQ-treated piglets; however, reduced apoptosis was observed in the DQ + P8 group. In addition, the mitochondrial morphology and ferroptosis-related gene expressions indicated elevated jejunal ferroptosis in the DQ-treated piglets, and the DQ + P8 treatment attenuated the ferroptosis. Transcriptome identified various differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different treatments. KEGG analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in the PI3K-AKT, NF-κB, and apoptosis pathways. The expressions of key DEGs and key proteins in the PI3K-AKT and NF-κB pathways were further verified. In summary, our results indicate that P8 supplementation ameliorated jejunal oxidative stress, morphological damage, barrier dysfunction, apoptosis, and ferroptosis in the DQ-treated piglets. Moreover, the beneficial effect of P8 may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways.

Effects of Different Doses of Systemic UVB 310nm Irradiation in Gingivitis Rat Model

Gingivitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases that affects people worldwide. The primary treatment for gingivitis is scaling and root planing. However, despite this therapy, the problem may still recur. New strategies for treating periodontal diseases aim to maintain the natural oral microbiota while modifying the host immune response.The ultraviolet B (UVB) influences the innate and adaptive immune system. This study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of systemic ultraviolet B radiation at 310 nm in the gingiva using gingivitis rat model by observing the number of lymphocytes, macrophages, new blood vessels, fibroblasts, and interleukin (IL)-4 expression. In this study, twenty-five gingivitis Wistar rats were divided into five groups consisting of control group P0 (without UVB irradiation), and irradiation groups P1, P2, P3, and P4 (with UVB irradiation of 12.5, 25, 50, 100mJ/cm2 respectively) every day for ten days. All groups were sacrificed on day 21st, and then the number of lymphocytes, macrophages, new blood vessels, fibroblasts, and interleukin (IL)-4 expression were compared via Hematoxyline Eosin (HE), and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The statistical results showed that group P2 had the highest number of lymphocytes, new blood vessels, and fibroblasts were significantly different from groups P0, P1, and P4, but not significantly different from P3. P2 also had the highest IL-4 expression, significantly different from P4 and not significantly different from P0, P1, and P3. Group P3 showed the highest number of macrophages, significantly different from groups P0 and P1 but not significantly different from groups P2 and P4. It was concluded that systemic UVB 310 nm irradiation in different doses affects the count of gingiva lymphocytes, macrophages, new blood vessels, fibroblasts, and IL-4 expression in the gingivitis rat model. The number or expression of each variable does not always increase with increasing UVB dose. At the dose of 25 mJ/cm2, almost all parameters were increased and then decreased at the higher dose.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) extract reduces paw edema by decreasing TNF-A and IL-6 levels in CFA-induced mice

Inflammation is an important immune reaction that the body uses to combat infections and heal tissue injuries. It can, however, cause swelling, discomfort, and cell damage. When tissues are wounded, the body produces inflammatory mediators, which include cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-beta, and IL-8. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has a long history of anti-inflammatory qualities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of Safflower flowers on male rats which were divided into five groups, namely a dose of 100 mg/kg BW (P1), a dose of 200 mg/kg BW (P2), a dose of 400 mg/kg BW (P3), positive control (KP) and negative control (KN). Testing for anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by inducing the soles of mice's feet with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). The research also investigates its capacity to decrease TNF-α and IL-6, two significant inflammatory markers. The researchers utilized a thickness gauge to determine the reduction in swelling (edema) and an ELISA test to measure the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the mice to assess the anti-inflammatory effects. The results showed that Safflower extract efficiently lowered inflammation, with the greatest reduction in edema found in the group given a 200 mg/kg dose (P2 group). Furthermore, the Safflowerextracts significantly lowered TNF-α(p=0.013) and IL-6 (p=0.001) levels in the P2 group, showing anti-inflammatory effects. Safflower flowers' ethanol extract has the potential to decrease inflammatory indicators in edema by impeding the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6. This demonstrates that Safflower could be an effective natural anti-inflammatory treatment.

Effects of replacing fish meal with pork meal and supplementing with crystalline amino acids and fish oil on growth performance, body composition, enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, and immune response of Penaeus monodon

IntroductionThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of substituting fish meal with pork meal in feed on the growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, and immune function of Penaeus monodon.MethodsA total of 600 uniformly sized juvenile shrimp with an initial weight of 1.20 ± 0.03 g were randomly assigned to four groups, with each group consisting of six replicates of 25 shrimp each. Fish meal protein was replaced with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% pork meal, and crystalline amino acids and fish oil were supplemented accordingly. The groups were designated as P0, P5, P10, and P15, and the study duration was 70 days.ResultsResults indicated no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) between the P5 and P10 groups compared to the P0 group. However, the SGR in the P15 group was significantly lower than that in the P5 and P10 groups. Feed conversion rates (FCRs) for the P5 and P10 groups were comparable to the P0 group, whereas the P15 group showed a significantly higher FCR than the other groups. There were no significant differences in whole body composition among all the groups. Apart from alanine, the amino acid composition of muscles did not differ significantly among all the groups. Results of enzyme activity in plasma revealed that the replacement of fish meal with pork meal reduced levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Specifically, levels of AST in the P5 and P15 groups were significantly lower compared to the P0 and P10 groups. Histological examination of midgut tissues showed that villus height initially increased and then decreased with higher replacement ratios. The P5 group had the highest villus height, while the P15 group had the lowest villus height. Analysis of gene expression related to liver immune functions indicated that genes in TLR signaling pathway were significantly elevated in the P15 group compared to the other groups.DiscussionIn conclusion, even with the supplementation of crystalline amino acids and fish oil, pork meal should not replace more than 10% of fish meal in the feed of P. monodon to maintain optimal growth and feed efficiency.

090. Effect of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma longa) on Granzyme Exoration and Tumour Mass Diameter Studi Pada Model Mencit Adenocarcinoma Mammae dengan Pemberian Kemoterapi Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide

Background: Breast cancer accounts for 11.6% of new cancer cases and 6.6% of cancer deaths. Treatment varies based on cancer type and stage, with Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) used as adjunct therapy. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Granzyme, a protein involved in apoptosis, is a marker for immunity and tumor cell destruction. Methods: This in vivo experimental study used a Post Test Only Control Group Design. Twenty-five female Balb/c mice with DMBA-induced mammary adenocarcinoma were divided into five groups: positive control, negative control, and three treatment groups. Granzyme expression was measured through immunohistochemistry, and tumor diameters were assessed using calipers. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Results: The P3 group showed the highest granzyme expression (38.71 ± 18.20), while the K- group had the lowest (9.43 ± 3.25). The K- group had the largest tumor diameter (17.11 ± 3.28), and the P3 group had the smallest (10.55 ± 2.33). Granzyme expression significantly differed between groups (p = 0.022), with notable differences between the K- group and K+ (0.021), P1 (0.021), P2 (0.014), and P3 (0.021) groups. Significant differences were also found between the K+ group and the P1 (0.016), P2 (0.004), and P3 (0.014) groups. Conclusion: Granzyme expression was higher in the turmeric and chemotherapy treatment groups compared to the control groups, while tumor diameters were smaller, suggesting enhanced tumor suppression with turmeric extract.

Inoculation with PGPR co-fermented broths promotes growth, yields, and quality of pepper by increasing soil nutrients and changing soil bacterial community.

The purpose of this study was to explore impacts of different combinations of co-fermentation plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) broth on the growth and yield of pepper. The effects of co-fermentation broth containing a random combination of two PGPR strains on the growth of pepper were analyzed. All inoculation treatments promoted growth, yield, and quality of peppers. The relative abundance of the dominant Proteobacteria and Sphingomonas was significantly higher in the planted soil at the seedling and fruiting stages, and the soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents were correspondingly higher. In addition, the co-fermented broth of Bacillus velezensis HP9 and Burkholderia pyrrocinia P10 treatment had the most pronounced effect on plant growth, while the combination of Bacillus flexus HGD12 and P10 had the greatest impact on fruit nutritional indices. This is consistent with the highest enrichment of beneficial bacterial genera at the seedling stage in the HP9 and P10 treatment and at the fruiting stage in the P10 and HGD12 treatment groups, respectively. Different combinations of co-fermented bacterial broths increased soil nutrient contents and changed the bacterial community, which in turn promoted the growth, yield, and quality of pepper.

The use of an ultrasonic dissection device for the P1 method in prosthetic breast reconstruction

Background The P1 method in prosthetic breast reconstruction has the advantage of preventing rippling and ensuring a smooth upper pole contour. This study presents our experience with using an ultrasonic dissection device instead of a monopolar electrocautery device for the P1 method.Methods Patients who underwent prepectoral breast reconstruction at our institution between June and September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 39 breasts analyzed, 17 underwent the P1 procedure using an ultrasonic dissection device for the superior slip of the pectoralis major muscle, while 22 underwent P0 prepectoral breast reconstruction. We compared surgical outcomes, including operative time, presence of rippling, capsular contracture, and animation deformities, and complications such as seroma, hematoma, and mastectomy skin flap necrosis.Results Patient demographics were comparable between the groups, except for chemotherapy exposure. Rippling occurred more frequently in the P0 group (36.4% vs. 23.5%); however, capsular contracture was absent in the P1 group. Despite these observations, the differences lacked statistical significance. The average operative time was longer in the P1 group than in the P0 group (104.35 minutes vs. 90.05 minutes), although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.095). There were no instances of postoperative hematoma, infection, implant exchange, animation deformity, or implant explantation in either group.Conclusions Using an ultrasonic energy device for additional dissection in the P1 method was non-inferior in terms of complications such as bleeding, infection, or animation deformity. The ultrasonic device can facilitate safe and effective dissection when elevating the superior pectoralis muscle slip, despite requiring additional operative time.

Potency of Red Guava Fruitghurt as an Antioxidant

Antioxidants are compounds needed by the body to protect body cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals can damage macromolecules such as cell membrane lipids, DNA, and proteins, and cause cell oxidative stress. Red Guava Fruitghurt is a probiotic with the basic ingredients of fruit. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fruitghurt on the MDA levels in the blood of mice induced by CCl4. This was an experimental study conducted using mice (Mus musculus) which were divided into three treatment groups – the negative control group (that were not induced and were not given fruitghurt), the positive control group (that were induced with CCl4 but not given fruitghurt), and the treatment group (that were induced with CCl4 and given fruitghurt). The data obtained in the study were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test, and the results showed significant differences between the treatment groups. Giving fruitghurt to the P1 group had a significant effect on reducing malondialdehyde levels compared to the positive control group, with a P-value of 0.03. Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria found in this fruitghurt can reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting ascorbic acid oxidation, reducing activity and capturing radial superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and free radicals, and inhibiting lipid oxidation. So this fruitghurt has antioxidant properties. This is also strengthened by the content of red guava which is rich in phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C that have good free radical scavenging activity, so guava fruit is a natural source of antioxidants. Keywords: antioxidants, fruitghurt, malon dialdehyde, probiotics, red guava

THE EFFECT OF RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) ON COLLAGEN DEPOSITION IN THE KIDNEYS OF MENOPAUSAL MODEL RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)

Background: The estrogen hormone possesses nephroprotective properties during menopause that can influence kidney function. This increases collagen deposition in the kidneys. Estrogen deficiency during menopause can be replaced by phytoestrogens. The skin of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains numerous anthocyanin contents, which have been proven to exhibit activities as phytoestrogens. Objective: To determine whether there are changes in collagen deposition in the kidneys of menopausal rat models with the administration of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel extract. Methods: This research utilized a randomized post-test control group design with three sample groups that had undergone ovariectomy. The three groups consist a control group without intervention (P0), an intervention group with red dragon fruit peel extract at a dose of 60mg/200gBW (P1), and an intervention group with red dragon fruit peel extract at a dose of 90mg/200gBW (P2). Results: The mean percentage of collagen expression in menopausal rat kidneys in groups P0, P1, and P2 were 0.876 ± 0.433, 0.189 ± 0.102, and 0.162 ± 0.108, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference with a p-value of 0.000. Post-Hoc Mann-Whitney U test found a significant difference between groups P0 and P1 (p = 0.000), as well as groups P0 and P2 (p = 0.000). However, there was no significant difference between P1 and P2 (p = 0.436). Conclusion: The extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel has an effect on the collagen deposition in the kidneys of menopausal rat models. The lowest level of collagen deposition in the kidneys was observed in the intervention group with a dose of 90mg/200gBW. Keywords : Hylocereus polyrhizus, collagen, kidney, menopause

The Effect of Local Papaverine Use in an Experimental High-Risk Colonic Anastomosis Model: Reduced Inflammatory Findings and Less Necrosis.

Objectives: To assess the impact of topical papaverine administration in complete and incomplete colonic anastomosis, by examining bursting pressure, hydroxyproline concentration, collagen content, inflammation levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, neoangiogenesis, and necrosis grades. Methods: We performed an experimental study on rats, in which they were divided into the following 4 groups of 16 subjects each. Group 1 [complete anastomosis (CA) without papaverine (CA -P) group], Group 2 [CA with papaverine (CA +P) group], Group 3 [incomplete anastomosis (ICA) without papaverine (ICA -P) group], and Group 4 [ICA with papaverine (ICA +P) group]. Results: The lymphocyte infiltration score of the ICA +P3 (day 3) group was significantly higher compared to the ICA -P3 group (p = 0.018). The median Ehrlich-Hunt score (p = 0.012), inflammation score (p = 0.026), and neutrophil infiltration score (p = 0.041) of the CA +P7 (day 7) group were significantly lower than the corresponding data of the CA -P7 group. Additionally, the necrosis score of the ICA +P7 group was significantly lower than that of the ICA -P7 group (p = 0.014). Conclusions: Data from the current study reveal that, although topical papaverine seems to suppress inflammation in anastomosis tissue and reduce necrosis at 7 days, definite conclusions regarding its impact on anastomotic leak cannot be drawn without further studies investigating anastomotic wound healing and anastomotic leak, preferably with both shorter- and longer-term evaluations.

Effects of Short-Term Physiotherapy in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Infected with Mutant and Non-Mutant Virus: A Prospective Study

Aim: The aim of study, to assess the short term effects of physiotherapy on patients infected with mutant and non-mutant SARS-CoV-2 virus. Material and Methods: The patients included in the study were analyzed in two different groups. Patients infected with non-mutant SARS-CoV-2 were in Group 1 (n=16; age=53.81±9.48). Patients infected with mutant SARS-CoV-2 were included in Group 2 (n=16; age=55.25±10.12). Physiotherapy which included mobilization, normal range of motion, and a breathing exercise program, was performed on both groups (Group 1: Median=7.00; Min-Max=5-20 days; Group 2: Median: 7.00; Min-Max=4-15 days). All patients underwent a once-daily physiotherapy program. The patients' muscle strength, mobility, activities of daily living, exercise capacity, and perception of fatigue were evaluated. The mixed repeated measures ANOVA model was used to compare groups. Results: It was found that physiotherapy improved muscle strength, mobility, ability to perform activities of daily living, exercise capacity, and perception of fatigue in both groups (p0.05). Conclusion: The current study showed that a short term physiotherapy program was as successful in patients infected with mutant SARS-CoV-2 as it was in patients infected with non-mutant SARS-CoV-2. Physiotherapy is beneficial for COVID-19 disease, as it decreases functional limitation and symptoms of COVID-19 disease by contributing positively to muscle strength, mobility, activities of daily living, exercise capacity, and the perception of fatigue.