P1 Group Research Articles

The Effect of Moringa oleifera Extract on Histopathological of Mice Testes Exposed by Monosodium Glutamate

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption in excess can have an impact on a man's fertility and lead to infertility. MSG has the potential to produce free radicals, which can harm cells. Antioxidants can fight off free radicals. Exogenous antioxidants are required to maintain equilibrium since there will be an imbalance if the body produces more free radicals than endogenous antioxidants. Exogenous antioxidants flavonoids are present in the leaves of the Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera L). It is thought that flavonoids have 4-5 times more antioxidant potential than vitamins. Objectives: To evaluate how moringa leaf extract affects the histopathological profile of MSG-exposed mouse testes. Methods: Only the posttest was used as a control group in this study. 25 male mice were used as the sample, and they were split up into five groups. The treatment group 1 (P1) received 6 g/day of MSG exposure + 300 mg/kg BW/day of moringa leaf extract, the treatment group 2 (P2) received 6 g/day of MSG exposure + 600 mg/kg BW/day of moringa leaf extract, and the treatment group 3 (P3) received 6 g/day of MSG exposure + 1200 mg/kg BW/day of moringa leaf extract. The control group (K-) received only standard feed. The mice were put to death after 30 days. The testes were removed for histological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the Johnsen scoring criteria were applied to their evaluation. Results: The data were not significant according to the Shapiro-Wilk test in the P3 group (MSG 6 g/day + Moringa Extract 1200 mg/kg BW/day). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that there was no significant difference between the seminiferous tubules according to the treatment group (p = 0.117). Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaf extract protects the histopathological picture of the testes of male mice compared to the group given monosodium glutamate.

The Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract (moringa oleifera) on the Microscopic Structure of the Lungs of Male Wistar Rats Given Inhalation of E-cigarette Liquid Vapor

Background: Moringa leaf extract is proven to have high antioxidant bioactive compounds and acts as an anti-inflammatory and prevents cell damage due to exposure to free radicals or oxidative. In the respiratory system exposed to Electronic Delivery Nicotine System liquid vapor, an inflammatory response and oxidative stress occur. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) on the microscopic structure of the lungs of male Wistar rats given inhalation of e-cigarette liquid vapor. Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory with Post Test Only Control Group Design. Rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats in each group, determined based on simple random sampling with the following divisions: Aquadest 3 mL (K1), gave inhalation of liquid vapours of electric cigarettes (K2), gave inhalation of liquid vapours of electric cigarettes + Moringa leaf extract with the dekoxy method dose of 500 mg/kgBW (P1), administration of vapor inhalation of e-cigarette liquid + Moringa leaf extract with the dekoxy method at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW (P2). Termination of the experimental animals was carried out on the 15th day and the rat pulmonary organs were taken to assess the microscopic structure of the rat lung. Results: The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), however, there was no significant difference in the degree of pulmonary damage in the P1 to P2 groups. Conclusion: There is an effect of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) on the microscopic structure of the lungs of male Wistar rats given inhalation of liquid vapor of electric cigarettes.

The Effect of Ethanol Ants Nest Extract on Profil Lipid Mice Model Obesity with Type 2 Diabetes

The Ants Nest plant (Myrmecodia pendans) is known to have the potential to reduce blood glucose cholesterol, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), and HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) in obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) because it contains high flavonoid and tannin content that can prevent oxidative stress and inhibit the work of pancreatic β cells, α-glucosidase work, Glut-2, and lipase enzymes. This study aims to study the effect of the management of Ethanol Ants Nest Extract (EANE) on changes in the cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels of obese rats with T2D. The extraction of the ants nest was carried out using the maceration method with ethanol solvent. Cholesterol, LDL, and HDL values will be obtained through the CHOD PAP. The rats were divided into 6 groups, namely: KNo (standard control), KN (T2D obesity), KP (T2D obesity given metformin), P1, P2, and P3 (T2D obesity given ethanol extract of ant nest 150mg/KgBW/day, 300mg/KgBW/day, and 600mg/KgBW/day for 14 days by gastric sonde). Induction of DM model using streptozocin and nicotinamide. Data were analyzed using Paired T-test and continued by using One-way ANOVA. There was a decrease in cholesterol, LDL, and HDL after 14 days of intervention, which was highest in the P3 group with cholesterol, LDL, and HDL of 64,06 ± 1,97 mg/dl (p < 0.0001), 44,56 ± 2,22 mg/dl (p < 0.0001), and 45,33 ± 2,56 mg/dl (p < 0.0001). The treatment of ethanol extract from ants nest has an effect in reducing cholesterol, LDL, and HDL.

The Effect of Secretome Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Markers Expression (in Vivo Experimental Study on the Macrophage Cell Polarization of Wistar Male Mice Type 1 DM Model)

The autoreactivity of T cells in DMT1 patients causes activation of M1 and M2 macrophages as proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers which promote pancreatic cell damage. Secretome Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SH-MSCs) therapy methods play a role in repairing damaged tissue and regenerating pancreatic islet cells. This study aims to examine the effect of SH-MSCs on macrophage cell polarization through the expression of CD68 as a marker of M1 macrophages and CD163 as a marker of M2 macrophages in DMT1 rats. The sample of this study were 5 Wistar rats which were divided into 4 groups; normal group (no treatment), negative control group, and 2 treatment groups with 0.5cc of SH-MSCs (P1 group) and 1cc of SH-MSCs (P2 group). STZ 60 mg/kgBW induced DMT1 in the negative control, P1, and P2 groups. Data were tested parametrically using SPSS 22. The mean of CD68 expression in normal group was 3.06±0.35%, negative control: 21.67±0.93%, P1: 10.98±0.68%, P2: 5.85±0.55%. The mean of CD163 expression in normal group: 22.83±0.51%, negative control group: 3.56±0.50%, P1:15.81±1.80%, P2: 20.80±2.24%. The results of the normality and homogeneity test were p> 0.05. Anova test results p < 0.05. Post Hoc LSD test results p < 0.05. The administration of SH-MSCS was shown to decrease CD68 and increase the CD163 expression significantly in DMT1 rats.

The Effect of Secretome Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cell (Sh-MSC) Therapy on PDGF and IFN-Gama Gene Expression in Male Wistar Rat Excision Models

Wounds are damage to normal anatomical structures and functions due to pathological processes that originate internally or externally and affect certain organs. The wound healing process consists of four highly integrated and overlapping hemostasis phases, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling or network resolution. Therapy using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) is considered effective in improving skin wound healing because it has the potential for differentiation and immunoregulation and there is no potential for post-treatment rejection. This research aims to prove the influence of secretome hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells (SH-MSC) on PDGF and IF-Gamma gene expression in Wistar rats using the excision wound model. This research is in-vivo experimental research with Post-test Only Control Group Design. The research subjects were 18 male Wistar rats with excision wound models divided into three groups there are placebo gel (negative control), Clobetasol at a dose of 0.25g/kg (positive control), and the P1 group SH-MSC gel at a dose of 400 μl/kg BW, were given treatment for 5 days. On the 6th day, the skin tissue was examined using the RT-PCR method to see the expression of the PDGF and IF-gamma genes. Statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD test. The average PDGF gene expression in the P1 group was the highest, followed by the positive control. The lowest average expression of the PDGF gene was found in the negative control. The average IFN-γ gene expression in the negative control was the highest, followed by the positive control group. The lowest average expression of the IFN-γ gene was found in the P1 group. The administration of SH-MSCs topical gel 400μl/kg BW increased PDGF expression in male Wistar rats with excision wound models, whereas the administration of gel secretome SH-MSC at a dose of 400μl/kg BW can reduce IFN-γ levels in male Wistar rats with the excision wound model.

The Effect of Topical Gel Secretome Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SH-MSCs) on TGF-Β and IL-6 Gene Expression in Wistar Rats Excision Wound Models

Wounds on the skin result in damage to the epithelial tissue and skin structure, hampering wound healing and causing acute wounds to become chronic. Secretome Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells are capable of secretes cytokines and growth factors, including TGF-β which are useful for wound healing. IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced in infectious lesions and is also important in wound closure. The aim of the research was to prove the effect of topical SH-MSCs gel on TGF-β and IL-6 gene expression in male Wistar rats with an excision wound model. This study aims to prove the effect of topical gel administration secretome Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cell (SH-MSCs) on TGF-β and IL-6 gene expression in male Wistar rats with an excision wound model. This study is Experimental research with Post-test Only Control Group Design. The number of samples was 18 male Wistar rats with the excision wound model divided into three groups, Group I (K-) was given a basic gel placebo, Group 2 (K+) was given a Clobetasol dose of 0.25g/kg, and Group 3 (P1) was given SH-MSCs gel at a dose of 400 μl/kg BW, treatment for 5 days, on day 6 the skin tissue was examined by RT-PCR to see the expression of the TGF-β and IL-6 genes analyzed by One Way Anova test, continued by Post Hoc LSD test. The average TGF-β gene expression in the P1 group was the highest (1.38) and the mean IL-6 gene expression in the P1 group was the lowest (0.72). One Way Anova test result showed a significant difference in TGF-β gene expression with a value of p=0.056 (p<0.05) and IL-6 p=0.47 (p<0.05). Post Hoc LSD test result on TGF-β gene expression shows that administration of 400μl/kg BW SH-MSCs can increase TGF-β gene expression and reduce IL-6 expression in Wistar rats with an excision wound model. The administration of topical gel SH-MSCs dose of 400 μl/kg BW was proven to significantly increase TGF-β levels in male Wistar rat excision wound model. The administration of topical SH MSCs dose of 400 μl/kg BW can reduce IL-6 levels in male Wistar rat excision wound models.

Proteomic analysis of neonatal mouse hearts shows PKA functions as a cardiomyocyte replication regulator

The ability of the adult mammalian heart to regenerate can save the cardiac muscle from a loss of function caused by injury. Cardiomyocyte regeneration is a key aspect of research for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The mouse heart shows temporary regeneration in the first week after birth; thus, the newborn mouse heart is an ideal model to study heart muscle regeneration. In this study, proteomic analysis was used to investigate the differences in protein expression in the hearts of neonatal mice at days 1 (P1 group), 4 (P4 group), and 7 (P7 group). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed changes in several groups of proteins, including the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Moreover, it was found that PKA inhibitors and agonists regulated cardiomyocyte replication in neonatal mouse hearts. These findings suggest that PKA may be a target for the regulation of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle.

Effects of Platycladus orientalis Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Fur-Production, Serum Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Raccoon Dogs.

Platycladus orientalis leaves are rich in flavonoids and polysaccharides, which offer high medicinal and nutritional benefits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of P. orientalis leaf extract (PLE) on the growth performance, fur quality, serum parameters, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs. Sixty healthy male black raccoon dogs, aged 85 (±5) days, were randomly assigned to four groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg PLE for 125 days (designated as groups P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively). The results revealed that the raccoon dogs in group P1 exhibited increased average daily gain and underfur length while showing a decreased feed/gain ratio compared to group P0 (p < 0.05). However, the heart index in group P2 was significantly lower than in group P0 (p < 0.05), and the kidney index and serum alanine aminotransferase activities in group P3 were higher than in groups P2 and P0 (p < 0.05), suggesting potential adverse effects at higher PLE dosages. Notably, dietary PLE supplementation led to a reduction in serum glucose concentrations (p < 0.05), which may have implications for glucose regulation. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of dietary supplementation with 0.25 g/kg PLE on the raccoon dogs' intestinal microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed significant alterations in the microbial community structure, with a notable decrease in the abundance of Prevotella copri in response to 0.25 g/kg PLE supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing raccoon dogs' diet with 0.25 g/kg PLE can lead to improved growth performance and a positive influence on the intestinal microbiota. However, caution should be exercised regarding higher dosages, as they may have adverse effects on certain parameters. As a result, PLE holds promise as a potential feed additive for fur animal production.

Endometrial expression of FOX proteins (FOXA1 and FOXA2) in women of reproductive age with different endometrial thickness: prospective cohort comparative study

Aim. To evaluate the expression of FOX proteins (FOXA1 and FOXA2) in the endometrium during the implantation window in women with a history of reproductive dysfunctions with different thickness of the endometrium.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The prospective cohort comparative study was conducted. The main group included patients with "thin" endometrium (7 mm according to ultrasound on preovulatory days; n=52), the comparison group consisted of women with normal endometrial thickness (7 mm according to ultrasound; n=62; women of both groups with reproductive dysfunctions of unknown reason), the control group included 16 healthy fertile women. Aspiration biopsy of the endometrium was performed on the 68 days after ovulation, as well as venipuncture to obtain a sample of peripheral blood to determine the levels of sex steroids (estradiol E2 and progesterone P). A combined histological and immunohistochemical study of endometrial biopsies was performed.&#x0D; Results. All women had ovulatory values of progesterone P16.1 nmol/l (68 days after ovulation) and normoestrogenemia (E2, pmol/l) in the blood. E2/P was similar in all groups (p0, 05). A pronounced expression of FOXA1 was noted in women with thin endometrium significantly more often (p0.05) with various hormone-receptor characteristics of the endometrium (42% n=22 out of 52) compared with healthy participants (0%; n=0). Reduced FOXA2 expression in the uterine mucosa was significantly more often detected on 68 days after ovulation in women with "thin" endometrium (56% n=29 of 52) than in women with normal endometrial thickness, both in women from the comparison group and in healthy women from the control group (p0.05). In a generalized analysis of the expression of FOX proteins in the endometrium on days 68 after ovulation, it was generally found that every second (50%; n=57 out of 114) women with a history of reproductive disorders (with a reduced and normal M-echo value) expression of proteomic markers differed from healthy women. In the case of "thin" endometrium, more than two thirds of patients (71%; n=37 out of 52) showed differences in endometrial expression of FOX proteins compared with women without a burdened reproductive history.&#x0D; Conclusion. In the majority of women (71%) with a thin endometrium and a history of reproductive dysfunctions, the expression of FOX proteins in the endometrium differed from the control group. Overall, endometrial expression of FOX proteins, which is likely to be different from healthy women, in patients with reproductive dysfunctions of unknown origin is a significant predictor of reproductive failure. At the same time, such an isolated indicator as M-echo value 7 mm according to ultrasound data is not an absolute prognostic marker of endometrial receptivity disorders.

The role of the anti-Müllerian hormone/anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type II signaling pathway in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium in patients with deep endometriosis: A cross-sectional study

Aim. To analyze the profile of anti-Mllerian hormone (AMH) and the expression level of the transmembrane AMH receptor type II (AMHRII) in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE).&#x0D; Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of AMHRII expression in epithelial and stromal cells of eutopic and ectopic endometrial samples and the level of serum AMH in patients of reproductive age with DIE (n=50) and tuboperitoneal infertility (n=9) was performed.&#x0D; Results. AMHRII expression in eutopic endometrial stromal cells of DIE patients was significantly higher compared to glandular cells in all study groups (p0.5). AMHRII expression was found to be significantly higher in glandular cells of the eutopic endometrium compared to the ectopic endometrium of pelvic peritoneal foci in DIE patients: 1.600.77 and 1.090.68 points, respectively (p=0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion. The inhibitory effect of AMH on cell proliferation and the proven expression of AMHRII by eutopic and ectopic endometrioid cells may indicate the role of AMH in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and endometriosis-associated infertility.

Antimalarial Activity of Nano Phytomedicine Fraction of Syzygium cumini Fruit in Rodent Malaria

The purpose of this study is to prove the antimalarial activity of nanophytomedicine fraction Syzygium cumini fruit in rodent malaria. Preparation of nanoparticle formulations using ionic gelation. This research used 80 mice divided into 8 groups. K: not infected, K-: infected, P1: infected+chloroquine, P2: infected+fraction, P3, P4, P5, were infected + nanoparticles, and P6 were infected + nanoparticles combined with chloroquine. Mice were infected with red blood cells containing 1x106 in 0.2ml P.berghei. Treatment for 4 days and 24hours post-infection. On the 8th day, post-infection blood and organs were collected. The results showed the body weight of mice showed a decrease except for the P1 and P6 groups. Increased % parasitemia and decreased parasite growth inhibition in group K- compared to P1, P6, and P5. The splenic index of the K group was significantly different from the other groups. The hepatic index of the K group was not significantly different from the P1 and P6 groups, but significantly different from the other groups. The hematological changes of hemoglobin and hematocrit in groups K- and P3 showed a decrease. Leukocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in all groups were in the normal range. The conclusion is Nanoparticles fraction of Syzygium cumini at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW and combination therapy with chloroquine have better potential as an antimalarial seen from the decreased parasitemia, increased inhibition of parasite growth, increased body weight, splenic index, hepatic index and Hematological changes of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.

Sungkai Leaf Extract (Peronema canescens Jack) Reduces MDA Levels and Increases IL-10 Levels in MSG-Induced Wistar Rats

The addition of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) to ready-to-eat food can change eating habits, coupled with a lack of activity which can have an impact on health. MSG as a trigger for increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing systemic damage, the impact of excessive MSG consumption can be reduced by modifying the diet to contain high sources of antioxidants. Sungkai leaf extract can be an alternative as a natural antioxidant. Sungkai leaf extract antioxidants are expected to neutralize ROS thereby repairing cell damage. Objective: This study aims to determine how giving sungkai leaf extract affects MDA and IL-10 levels in MSG-induced mice. Method: Experimental research with a Randomized Post test only control group design. The total sample was 24 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups. KN healthy mice, K(-) were given 1g MSG/rat, P1 was given 1g MSG/rat and 28mg sungkai leaf extract/rat, P2 was given 1g MSG/rat and 56mg sungkai leaf extract/rat. Results: The average results showed a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in IL-10 levels after treatment for 21 days, the One way Anova test followed by Post hoc LSD showed that each treatment group was significantly different from the control group where the MDA level in group P2 was 0, 07mg/ml ± 0.01 experienced a significant decrease compared to the KN group 0.07mg/ml ± 0.01 while IL-10 levels experienced a significant increase in the P1 group 130.10pg/ml ± 13.29 when compared to the KN group 60.43pg/ml ±17.40. Conclusion: Sungkai leaf extract (Penonema Canescens Jack) was able to reduce MDA levels at a dose of 56 mg/mouse in mice injected with 1gr MSG/rat and experienced a significant increase in IL-10 levels with a dose of 28 mg sungkai leaf extract/rat injected with 1gr MSG/rat.

Progesterone Device Use Improves Ovum Pick-Up Efficiency in Acyclic Donors

The aim of this study was to evaluate follicular dynamics and ovum pick-up (OPU) efficacy in untreated mares or mares treated with an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device during seasonal anestrus (acyclic) and during the breeding season (cyclic). Six mares (mean age = 5 years), were recruited into an ovum pick-up scheme that was performed every 14 days with and without the P4 device, during the acyclic and cyclic phases. Aspirations amounted to seven procedures with or without the P4 device during each phase. Five ultrasound assessments were performed at each interval between the OPUs. Data on follicular number and diameter as well as the numbers of recovered and the percentage of recovered oocytes were also collected. The number of follicles from mares in the acyclic phase was higher (P < .005) regardless of the treatment. However, the follicular diameter was smaller for the P4 group (P < .005) from the 2nd to the 5th evaluation post-OPU procedure. The percentage of oocytes recovered during the acyclic phase was higher for mares treated with the P4 device (P < .005). The P4 device resulted in follicles with smaller diameters and facilitated OPU efficacy.

Comparison of Diuretic and Electrolyte Excretory Activity between Compounds of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) and Furosemide

Introduction: Hypertension takes place of being one of the most concerning health issues, leading to increasing rate of death due to its complications. Pharmacological therapy diuretic become one to intervene on hypertension’s pathological sequences through sodium and potassium regulation. Similar diuretic effect can be achieved through fruits and vegetables crop including Okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus). Objective: to investigate the diuretic variance of different part of Okra fruit’s (Abelmoschus esculentus). Methods: In total of 8 groups of male Rattus norvegicus rats are sorted into control and intervention groups. As control, the C- Group (negative control group) was given Na- CMC 0.5% suspension, and C+ Group (positive control group) was given furosemide. The experimental groups P1, P2, and P3 were given Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) whole fruit ethanolic extract; P4, P5, and P6 Group are were given Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seedless fruit ethanolic extract within range concentration of 75-300 mg/kg body weight. Urine volume is measured every hour for 6 hours and the 24th hour. Sodium and potassium measurements are executed towards 24-hour urine accumulation. Results: Single dose administration of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit significantly increase 5th hour urine volume as compared to furosemide (p &lt; 0.001). Whole fruit of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) compared to seedless fruit exhibit no significant increment of urine volume and electrolytes (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit produce similar diuretic effect to furosemide. However, seedless Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit exerts a higher kaliuretic effect compared to whole fruit and furosemide.

Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Batang Bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) Induksi Tetraclorida (CCL4)

This study aims to explore the benefits of bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) through the study of its utilization as a hepatoprotector. This research method is quantitative. Bajakah stem extract was made using 96% ethanol solvent using the maceration method. Analysis was carried out using liver histology preparations to determine the HAI (Histology Activity Index) Knodel Score. The treatment group consisted of 5 groups, namely, a) negative control (K1) treated with toxic doses of CCL4; b) positive control, namely vitamin E 46.8 mg/KgBW; c) P1 (treatment 1) was 750 mg/KgBW of Bajakah stem extract; d) P2 (treatment two) was 1200 mg/KgBW of pirated stem extract; e) P3 (treatment of three) was extract of the stem of Bajakah 1500 mg/KgBB. The results showed that the post hoc LSD test results in the P1 group had a histopathological picture of damaged liver, there was a significant difference with the K and P3 groups (p &lt;0.05), but there was no significant difference when compared with the P2 group. Meanwhile, the P3 group had significant differences when compared to all groups (p &lt;0.05). In conclusion, the administration of extract of pirated stems at a dose of 1,500 mg/Kg has a significant effect on the HAI value on the average number of hepatocytes with parenchymatous degeneration and necrosis after CCL4 induced&#x0D; Keywords: Bajakah, CCL4, Hepatoprotective&#x0D;

Eksentrik-Konsentrik İzokinetik Kas Kuvveti Eğitiminin Sağlıklı Gençlerde Kuadriseps Femoris Kas Mimarisi, Kas Kuvveti ve Propriyosepsiyon Üzerine Etkileri

Objective: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of eccentric and concentric training on quadriceps femoris muscle architecture, muscle strength and proprioception in healthy young people. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy subjects were divided into two groups concentric training (n=30), and eccentric training (n=30). The outcome measurements were Quadriceps Femoris (QF) muscle architecture, muscle strength and knee proprioception. The training was carried out on the subjects’ dominant side leg (right), and the participants were trained three times a week for 12 weeks. The measurements were applied before and after training. QF muscle architecture was assessed by using ultrasonography. Isokinetic muscle strength and knee proprioception were assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer. &#x0D; Results: The results showed a significant increase in QF architecture, muscle strength and knee proprioception after the training in the two groups (p0.05). &#x0D; Conclusion: Training techniques, including eccentric and concentric training, positively affected QF muscle architecture, muscle strength, and knee proprioception (p0.05).

Multi-omics reveals the mechanisms underlying Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress in broilers challenged with dexamethasone.

Oxidative stress is a common phenomenon in poultry production. Several molecules, including antioxidant genes, miRNAs, and gut microbiota metabolites, have been reported to participate in redox regulation. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8 (P8) was shown to improve the antioxidant capacity of chickens, but the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 400 broilers were allocated to 4 treatment groups: control diet (Con group), control diet+dexamethasone injection (DEX group), control diet containing 1×108CFU/g P8 (P8 group), and control diet containing 1×108CFU/g P8+DEX injection (DEX_P8 group). Integrated analysis of the microbiome, metabolomics, and miRNAomics was conducted to investigate the roles of P8 in oxidative stress in broilers. Results demonstrated that P8 supplementation significantly improved growth performance, jejunal morphology, and antioxidant function in DEX-treated broilers. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed a higher abundance of Barnesiella (P=0.01) and Erysipelatoclostridium (P=0.05) in the DEX_P8 group than in the DEX group. Functional prediction indicated that certain pathways, including the phenylacetate degradation pathway, were enriched in the DEX_P8 group compared to the DEX group. Metabolites in the cecal contents were distinct between the groups. P8 supplementation increased the content of metabolites with antioxidant capacity, e.g., urobilinogen (P<0.01), and decreased that of metabolites related to oxidative stress, e.g., genistein (P<0.01). Functional prediction indicated that metabolites that differed between the DEX_P8 and DEX groups were enriched in pathways including "tryptophan metabolism" and "primary bile acid biosynthesis". The miRNAomics analysis further showed that, compared to the DEX group, several miRNAs in the jejunum, such as gga-miR-21-3p (P=0.03), were increased, whereas gga-miR-455-3p (P=0.02) was decreased in the DEX_P8 group. The PI3K-Akt, Ras, and Rap1 signaling pathways were enriched in the DEX_P8 group compared to the DEX group through KEGG analysis. Correlation analysis revealed potential interactions between growth performance, oxidation/antioxidation, jejunal morphology, gut microbiota, cecal content metabolites, and jejunal miRNAs. Overall, our results indicate that P8 supplementation may improve the growth performance, jejunal morphology and antioxidant capacity of DEX-treated broilers by regulating gut microbiota, its metabolites, and intestinal miRNAs.

The effects of progesterone on the healing of obstetric anal sphincter damage in female rats.

We aimed to evaluate the effects of postpartum progesterone on obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) healing in female rats using an experimental OASI model. Twenty-eight female rats were divided into four groups after birth: sham-30, sham-90, progesterone (P4)-30, and P4-90. Moreover, OASI model was established in all groups. Subsequently, except for the sham groups, medroxyprogesterone acetate (0.15 mg) was intramuscularly injected into the P4 groups. After 30 and 90 days, the rats were euthanized under general anesthesia after recording the data. The anal sphincter region was collected for histopathological examination. Progesterone and thiol/disulfide homeostasis studies were performed on blood samples. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the external anal sphincter (EAS), internal anal sphincter (IAS), or connective tissue thickness (p = 0.714, p = 0.135, and p = 0.314, respectively). No statistically significant differences in the total thiol, native thiol, disulfide, and progesterone levels were found between the groups (p = 0.917, p = 0.503, p = 0.361, and p = 0.294, respectively). The endometrial thickness was lower in the P4 groups than in the sham groups (p = 0.031). Postpartum progesterone administration did not affect IAS and EAS or connective tissue thickness or disrupt the thiol-disulfide balance. However, this administration led to endometrial thinning.

Porcine intestinal antimicrobial peptide as an in-feed antibiotic alternative improves intestinal digestion and immunity by shaping the gut microbiota in weaned piglets.

Antibiotic resistance of pathogens, which is caused by the abuse of in-feed antibiotics, threatens the sustainable development of livestock production. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of porcine intestinal antimicrobial peptide (PIAP) as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in terms of growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and immunity, and microbiota community of the post-weaning piglets. A total of 204 piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire, weaned at 28d age) with a similar body weight of 7.97±1.04kg were randomly allocated to 4 groups (51 piglets per group): (1) control group: basal diet; (2) AB group: antibiotic, basal diet+chlortetracycline (1000mg/kg from d 1 to 24; 500mg/kg from d 25 to 37); (3) P1 group: basal diet+a relatively low dose of PIAP (400mg/kg from d 1 to 24; 300mg/kg from d 25 to 37); (4) P2 group, basal diet+a relatively high dose of PIAP (600mg/kg from d 1 to 24; 500mg/kg from d 25 to 37). The results showed that serum indicators of hepatocyte damage and relative organ weight were not affected by these treatments (P>0.05). Compared with the AB treatment, the P1 treatment remarkably decreased jejunal crypt depth and increased jejunal and ileal villus height:crypt depth ratio (P<0.05). The values of jejunal maltase, lactase, sucrase, intestinal alkaline phosphatase, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the P1 group were sharply increased compared with those in the control and P2 groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the P1 group decreased serum concentrations of D-lactate, diamine oxidase, and endotoxin (P<0.05), and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri (P<0.05) in the colonic feces. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the abundance of L.reuteri and the concentrations of maltase, lactase, sucrase, and SIgA (P<0.05). Collectively, dietary supplementation with a relatively low dose of PIAP (400mg/kg from d 1 to 24; 300mg/kg from d 25 to 37) demonstrates beneficial effects on intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes, immunity, and permeability by shaping the gut microbiota composition in weaned piglets. This study will provide a valuable reference for using PIAP as an in-feed antibiotic alternative in swine production.

D-Alluloz ilaveli keklerin diyet lifi analizi ve depolama süresince mikrobiyolojik değişikliklerin belirlenmesi

D-Allulose is a monosaccharide that is rarely found in foods and can be obtained commercially by enzymatic reactions and isolation from bacteria. It can not be absorbed because of its chemical composition's resistance to digestive enzymes. It is referred to as a "energy-free natural sweetener" for this reason. These findings has led to an increase in D-allulose usage in the food industry. In this study, the total dietary fiber of cakes with additional D-allulose was determined, as well as the microbiological changes that occurred during storage. Three distinct cakes were made for the trial as the control (sugar), 50% sugar plus 50% D-allulose, and 100% D-allulose. In the baked cakes, dietary fiber analysis was done on day 1 and microbiological analyses were done on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. On the first day of analysis, there was no difference between the groups in the total spor-forming bacteria counts of the cake groups, but on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of analysis, there were statistically significant differences between the groups (p0.05). The control group's total dietary fiber content were 5.93 g/100 g, and AL 100 group’s content were 10.70 g/100 g. D-Allulose is regarded as a natural sweetener with significant antimicrobial properties and a high dietary fiber content.