P1 P5 Research Articles

An Axially CBD‐Containing Novel Pt(IV) Prodrug Designed to Synergistically Enhance Antitumor Activity by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction

ABSTRACTIn recent years, significant attention has been given to the strategy of linking novel active molecules with different biological targets and antitumor mechanisms to the axial positions of Pt(IV) complexes, aiming to synthesize new Pt(IV) antitumor complexes with excellent properties. In this study, Satraplatin analogs and the highly lipophilic bioactive molecule cannabidiol (CBD) were chosen as the main research subjects. By combining these two and introducing other bioactive small molecules, we aimed to enrich the functionalities of Pt(IV) antitumor complexes. Five new multifunctional Pt(IV) antitumor complexes, P1–P5, were prepared. All Pt(IV) prodrugs demonstrated antitumor effects in various tumor cell lines. Notably, compound P1 exhibited significant inhibitory effects, with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values that were 2.1, 1.5, and 1.3 times higher than those of satraplatin in HCT‐116, A549, and HeLa cell lines, respectively, and 2.4, 1.5, and 2.0 times higher than those of the combination of satraplatin and CBD. The cytotoxicity of P1 toward cancer cell lines is significantly higher than that of the combination therapy group, providing preliminary evidence that the strategy of combining CBD and platinum‐based antitumor drugs into a complex is highly effective in simultaneously enhancing the cytotoxicity of both, resulting in a good synergistic antitumor effect. Further research shows that after treating cells with P1, the induced ROS generation increases in a dose‐dependent manner, disrupting the cell's redox homeostasis, leading to oxidative stress, and ultimately causing cell apoptosis. This strategy of introducing the bioactive molecule CBD into platinum‐based drug formation complexes to improve efficacy has been shown to be feasible and deserves further study.

Size Confinement Strategy Effect Enables Advanced Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries

AbstractAqueous Zn–I2 batteries have considerable potential owing to their environmental friendliness and high safety. However, the slow iodine conversion kinetics and shuttle effect prevent their practical applicability. In this study, a series of Zn‐MOF‐74 rods with controllable diameters of 40–500 nm are facilely prepared, denoted as P1–P5. A size confinement strategy effect of Zn‐MOF‐74 derived porous carbon as iodine hosts is proposed to suppress the formation of undesirable iodine species, such as I3− and I5−. Moreover, the graphitization degree of porous carbon samples, including P2‐900, P2‐1000, and P2‐1100, play a critical effect on the iodine conversion kinetics. The P2‐1000 sample possesses a high conductive skeleton and abundant mesopores, which improve the adsorption ability toward iodine species. The electrochemical tests and the in situ technology reveal the size confinement strategy effect and the conversion mechanism of iodine. As a result, the I2@P2‐1000 cathode exhibits a superior discharge capacity of 179.9 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and exceptional long‐term cycle ability after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the soft batteries and the flexible quasi‐solid‐state batteries are capable of powering devices, promising to exhibit tremendous adaptability and realize flexible electronic devices in various scenarios.

Bursaphelenchus glaucae n. sp. isolated from larval faeces of a longhorn beetle, Aeolesthes chrysothrix chrysothrix (Bates), in its pupal chamber constructed in the dead wood of Quercus glauca Thunb. from Japan

Summary A Bursaphelenchus species belonging to the hofmanni group (corneolus subgroup) was isolated from a small piece of larval faeces of the longhorn beetle Aeolesthes chrysothrix chrysothrix in its pupal chamber. The chamber was constructed in a dead wood section of Quercus glauca obtained from a live tree. The material was obtained during a management procedure of a garden tree to remove the dead part from live tree. The species is typologically characterised by its three-lined lateral field, the position of its secretory-excretory pore overlapping with the metacorpus anterior half, a very small spicule with distinctive broad and rounded condyles, a flattened trapezoid-shaped rostrum and small flattened cucullus, the presence of seven (P1, P2 and P3 papilliform and P5 gland) male genital papillae, a female vulva with a side flap and female tail forming an elongate conoid with a strongly ventrally curved posterior half and narrowly rounded or digitate tip. The species is typologically close to B. corneolus, sharing a small cucullus and female tail shape, but can be distinguished from the other species by the position of the secretory-excretory pore and the spicule rostrum shape. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a well-supported clade with B. corneolus, but can be distinguished by its clearly separable phylogenetic status inferred from SSU and D2-D3 LSU sequences and the difference in the ITS sequence. The new species is described as B. glaucae n. sp. Although the nematode was isolated from the larval faeces of A. c. chrysothrix, it has not been directly isolated from the insect body to date, thus, the carrier insect of the nematode has not been determined.

Sensitization to genuine markers of timothy grass pollen (Phleum pratense) in the North-Central region of Portugal.

Background. Pollen is the main cause of respiratory allergy and its prevalence is increasing. Timothy grass (Phleum pratense) is one of the most common pollen sources, and one of the best characterized allergenic grasses. The major allergens Phl p1, Phl p2, Phl p5 and Phl p6 are considered markers of genuine grass pollen sensitization. Methods. Retrospective study. IgE levels of Phl p1 and Phl p5 in patients living in the North-Central region of Portugal were analyzed, considering age and area of residence (inland or costal). Results. Among the 188 patients with IgE results for Phl p1 and Phl p5, sensitization to Phl p1 and Phl p5b was observed in 97.87% and 63.83%, respectively. The majority demonstrated co-sensitization to both Phl p1 and Phl p5b, while 68 patients were monosensitized to Phl p1 and 4 patients were monosensitized to Phl p5b. Either patients living in costal or inland areas showed IgE levels of Phl p1 higher than Phl p5b. Conclusions. Regarding genuine grass pollen sensitization, Phl p1 sensitization is more prevalent than Phl p5b in the North-Central region of Portugal.

Computational investigations of different iron oxide–coronene nanoclusters: a DFT study

Abstract This study utilizes density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the adsorption of iron oxide clusters on the surface of coronene nanocages. The study explores five different adsorption geometries (P1–P5) using the B3PW91/6-311G (d, p) approach, comparing them to pure coronene. Electronic properties, including energy (hf), HOMO, LUMO, Fermi level, HOMO–LUMO gap, vertical ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical hardness, softness, and chemical potential, were analyzed compared to native coronene nanocages. The calculations revealed strong chemisorption in P1, attributed to significant charge transfer from coronene to the metal atom, resulting in altered positions of HOMOs and LUMOs and a reduced HOMO–LUMO gap (E gap). Across all geometries (P1–P5), electronic densities in HOMOs were concentrated on iron oxides, while in LUMOs, the electronic cloud was distributed throughout the structure. The diffusion of d-electrons from iron contributed to a more diffuse structure and a lower HOMO–LUMO gap (E gap), indicating N-type conduction. Global indices demonstrated increased reactivity of iron oxide–adsorbed coronene nanocages compared to native, unbound coronene.

Towards Development of High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Pyrrole Materials for Hole Transport Layer by Using Computational Approach

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as innovative materials in advanced photovoltaic technology due to their enhanced efficiency and good stability. While considering role of dopant materials in HTMs especially Spiro-OMeTAD through previous studies, a bi-functional dopant named PFPPY has been brought into special attention. Based on framework of experimentally synthesized PFPPY, five dopant molecules (P1–P5) have been designed through structural alterations at peripheral sites. These newly developed molecules, sharing a common core i.e. 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (PPY), were then theoretically studied and related to reference via computational approach. Distribution of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) along with density of states, spectral properties, reorganizational energies, binding energy, and transition density matrix analysis was practiced at [Formula: see text]B97XD functional using DFT and TD–DFT methodology. Bathochromic shift of absorption (in dichloromethane) was clearly observed for all designed dopants (P1–P5) than reference PFPPY which sets the ways for reduced optical band gaps ([Formula: see text]. The energy gaps ([Formula: see text] of these five novel designed materials were found to be lesser comparaed to PFPPY which leads to excellent ICT properties. Of all dopant molecules, highest dipole moment (6.511401 D) possessed by P4 is credited to its maximum absorption peak (1008 nm) in infrared region. However, greater hole transfer rate was disclosed by P1 relative to other designed dopants because of its lowest reorganization energy values. According to above computed results, we expect that molecular engineering of pyrrole-based dopant molecules (P1–P5) will allow them to act as promising HTMs. Conclusively, these molecules have potential to substitute PFPPY and are highly recommend in photovoltaic field for future work.

Epithelial polarity-driven membrane separation but not cavitation regulates lumen formation of rat eccrine sweat glands

BackgroundEach eccrine sweat gland (ESG) is a single-tubular structure with a central lumen, and the formation of hollow lumen in the initial solid cell mass is a key developmental process. To date, there are no reports on the mechanism of native ESG lumen formation. MethodsTo investigate the lumen morphogenesis and the lumen formation mechanisms of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat ESGs, SD rat hind-footpads at E20.5, P1–P5, P7, P9, P12, P21, P28 and P56 were obtained. The lumen morphogenesis of ESGs was examined by HE staining and immunofluorescence staining for polarity markers. The possible mechanisms of lumen formation were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay and autophagy marker LC3B immunofluorescence staining, and further explored by ouabain intervention experiment. ResultsIn SD rat ESGs, the microlumen was formed at P1, and the small intact lumen with apical-basal polarity appeared at P3. The expression of apical marker F-actin, basal marker Laminin, basolateral marker E-cadherin was consistent with the timing of lumen formation of SD rat ESGs. During rat ESG development, apoptosis and autophagy were not detected. However, inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) with ouabain resulted in decreased lumen size, although neither the timing of lumen formation nor the expression of polarity proteins was altered. ConclusionsEpithelial polarity-driven membrane separation but not cavitation regulates lumen formation of SD rat ESGs. NKA-regulated fluid accumulation drives lumen expansion.

Performance changes in the anammox process under the stress of rare-earth element Ce(III) and the evolution of microbial community and functional genes

The high Ce(III) content in ionic rare-earth tailings wastewater has hindered the application of anammox process in this field. Here, the effect of Ce(III) on the performance of anammox processes was investigated, and the evolution of microbial communities and functional genes was explored using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the reactor nitrogen removal rate decreased when the Ce(III) concentration reached 25 mg/L, although ammonia nitrogen removal (92.31%) and nitrogen removal efficiency (81.33%) remained at a high level; however, both showed a significant decreasing trend. The relative abundance of anammox bacteria increased continuously from P1–P5, reaching 48.81%, whereas the relative abundance of Candidatus jettenia reached 33.71% at P5, which surpassed that of Candidatus brocadia as the most abundant anammox bacteria, and further analysis of functional genes and metabolic pathways revealed that Candidatus brocadia was richer in biochemical metabolic genes, whereas Candidatus jettenia had richer efflux genes.

Sestec adhesive based on animal proteins for the production of particleboards

The development of a biodegradable adhesive that uses waste from industry will bring enormous economic, social, environmental, and health benefits. Many laboratories around the world conduct research on the development of natural adhesives that can replace those based on toxic formaldehyde. Works in this area are also carried out by Sestec Polska Sp. z o. o, an example of which is the Sestec B0021G adhesive. This product belongs to the family of animal protein-based adhesives and is dedicated to particle board (PB) production (classes P1–P5 according to EN 312). This work presents the results obtained during the preparation of boards based on Sestec B0021G protein adhesive, manufactured with the use of variable production parameters, and assesses the influence of these parameters on the properties of the obtained products. The emphasis was especially on presenting the impact of production parameters on the PB strength and water resistance. The tests were carried out using different densities (560–800 kg/m3), pressing temperatures (150–230 °C), amounts of adhesive (7–15% in the surface layer and 5–13% in the core layer) and specific press times (5–13 s/mm). The boards showed excellent mechanical properties and water resistance. Higher PB classes were obtained under standard production conditions. Eventually, the obtained results showed that the binder can be used to produce all classes of PB products P1 to P7, and not only P1-P5 as initially assumed.

Seasonal variation in contents of phytoestrogens in Danish dairy milk lines of different farm management systems

Farm management systems and seasonal variation are suggested to affect the concentrations of phytoestrogens in milk. The present study analyses the concentrations of phytoestrogens and their relative composition in distinct milk lines from six Danish dairies representing three management systems (conventional, organic and biodynamic) in five sampling periods (P1–P5) over one year. A highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was applied to determine absolute concentrations of phytoestrogens in the different milk lines over the period. Biodynamic dairy milk lines contained higher levels of most isoflavones compared with milk from conventional systems. This may be explained by the differences in feeding strategies and, more specifically, botanical composition of feed. In relation to season, the concentration of the mammalian derived isoflavone, equol, was highest during the indoor period in biodynamic milk. Compared with the isoflavones, concentrations of lignans were less affected by farm management system.

Upper body posture in Latin American dancers: a quantitative cross-sectional study comparing different postures

BackgroundIn Latin American dance sport (LD), the shoulder girdle and the torso area are particularly stressed due to the dance style specific requirements. The aim of the study was to define differences in various dance specific upper body postures in Latin American dancers and to show gender-specific differences.MethodsThree dimensional back scans were performed in n = 49 dancers (28 f/21 m). Five typical trunk positions in Latin American dance (habitual standing and 4 dance specific positions, P1–P5) were compared with each other. Statistical differences were calculated using the Man-Whitney U test, Friedmann test, Conover-Iman test and a Bonferroni-Holm correction.ResultsSignificant gender differences were found in P2, P3 and P4 (p ≤ 0.01–0.001). In P5, the frontal trunk decline, the axis deviation, the standard deviation of the rotation, the kyphosis angle and the shoulder as well as the pelvic rotation were also significantly different. The comparison of the postures showed significant differences between postures 1–5 (p ≤ 0.01–0.001) in the males, (scapular height, right and left scapular angles and pelvic torsion). Similar results were observed for the female dancers, with only the parameters of frontal trunk decline with the lordosis angle as well as the right and left scapular angles being non-significant.ConclusionsThis study is an approach to better understand the involved muscular structures in LD. Performing LD changes the static parameters of the upper body statics. Further projects are needed to analyse the field of dance even more thoroughly.

Purification and Characterization of Novel Anti-MRSA Peptides Produced by Brevibacillus sp. SPR-20

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is listed as a high-priority pathogen because its infection is associated with a high mortality rate. It is urgent to search for new agents to treat such an infection. Our previous study isolated a soil bacterium (Brevibacillus sp. SPR-20), showing the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus TISTR 517 and MRSA strains. The present study aimed to purify and characterize anti-MRSA substances produced by SPR-20. The result showed that five active substances (P1-P5) were found, and they were identified by LC-MS/MS that provided the peptide sequences of 14-15 residues. Circular dichroism showed that all peptides contained β-strand and disordered conformations as the major secondary structures. Only P1-P4 adopted more α-helix conformations when incubated with 50 mM SDS. These anti-MRSA peptides could inhibit S. aureus and MRSA in concentrations of 2-32 μg/mL. P1 (NH2-VVVNVLVKVLPPPVV-COOH) had the highest activity and was identified as a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP). The stability study revealed that P1 was stable in response to temperature, proteolytic enzymes, surfactant, and pH. The electron micrograph showed that P1 induced bacterial membrane damage when treated at 1× MIC in the first hour of incubation. The killing kinetics of P1 was dependent on concentration and time. Mechanisms of P1 on tested pathogens involved membrane permeability, leakage of genetic material, and cell lysis. The P1 peptide at a concentration up to 32 μg/mL showed hemolysis of less than 10%, supporting its safety for human erythrocytes. This study provides promising anti-MRSA peptides that might be developed for effective antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era.

KARAKTERISTIK PERMEN JELLY SARI KULIT BUAH NAGA (Hylocsreus polyhizus) DENGAN VARIASI PENAMBAHAN BUBUK JAHE (Zingiber rose)

Red dragon fruit peel contains pectin and anthocyanins which can be used as alternative natural ingredients for food products. In addition, Indonesia is famous for its abundant spices, one of which is ginger which has a distinctive taste and flovor caused, ginger contains antimicrobial substances. One of the product innovations utilizing dragon fruit peel is the manufacture of jelly candy with the addition of. Does this study aim to determine: (a) How is the effect of adding ginger powder on the chemical characteristics of dragon fruit peel jelly candy (b) To find out which comparative treatment of using ginger powder on dragon fruit peel jelly candy is the best and which is preferred by consumer. This study is an experimental study using RAL consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications, namely the concentration of red dragon fruit peel extract 250g with variations of ginger powder P1 2g, P2 3g, P3 4g, P4 5g, and P5 6g then analyzed using One Way Anova) with chemical test parameters and organoleptic tests analyzed descriptively. The results obtained from this study were on the moisture content the best treatment was P1 with a value of 16%. The best pH test results are P1 with a pH value of 6,26. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the texture test parameters at P2 with the addition of 3g ginger powder, aroma test at P1 with the addition of 2g, taste test parameters at P5 with the addition of 6g and color test parameters at P3 with the addition of 4g ginger powder.

Influence of the Poly(ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylates on the Selected Physicochemical Properties of Thermally Sensitive Polymeric Particles for Controlled Drug Delivery.

Thermosensitive copolymers P1-P5 of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylates (PEGMEMs) were synthesized via surfactant-free precipitation polymerization (SFPP) using ammonium persulfate (APS) at 70 °C. The polymerization course was evaluated by the conductivity. The hydrodynamic diameters and the polydispersity indexes (PDI) of P1-P5 in the 18-45 °C range, which were assessed via dynamic light scattering (DLS), were at 18° (nm): 26.07 ± 0.54 (PDI 0.65 ± 0.03), 68.00 ± 1.10 (PDI 0.56 ± 0,02), 45.12 ± 0.57 (PDI 0.51 ± 0.03), 62.78 ± 0.40 (PDI 0.53 ± 0.003), and 92.95 ± 1.56 (PDI 0.60 ± 0.04), respectively. The lower critical solution temperatures ranged from 31 to 33 °C. The electrophoretic mobilities estimated the zeta potential in the 18-45 °C range, and at 18 °C, they were (mV): -4.64 ± 1.30, -6.91 ± 2.67, -5.85 ± 3.17, -2.28 ± 0.30, and -3.60 ± 0.96 for P1-P5, respectively. The polymers were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). Stable amorphous polymers were obtained. We conclude that the length of the co-monomer chain nonlinearly influences the properties of the obtained thermosensitive polymer nanostructures.

Insights on mechanisms of excess sludge minimization in an oxic-settling-anaerobic process under different operating conditions and plant configurations

In the present research, insights about the mechanisms of excess sludge minimization occurring in an oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) were provided. The investigation involved two systems operating in parallel. In particular, a conventional activated sludge (CAS) system as control and a system implementing the OSA process both having a pre-denitrification scheme were considered. Five periods (P1–P5) were studied, during which several operating conditions and configurations were tested. Specifically, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the anaerobic reactor of the OSA system (P1 8 h, P2–P3 12 h, P4 8 h, P5 12 h) and the return sludge from the anaerobic to the anoxic (scheme A) (P1–P2) or aerobic (scheme B) mainstream reactors (P3–P5) were investigated. The results highlighted that the excess sludge production in the OSA was lower in all the configurations (12–41%). In more detail, the observed yield (Yobs) was reduced from 0.50-0.89 gTSS gCOD−1 (control) to 0.22 -0.34 gTSS gCOD−1 in the OSA process. The highest excess sludge reduction (40%) was achieved when the OSA was operated according to scheme B and HRT of 12 h in the anaerobic reactor (P3). Generally, scheme A enabled the establishment of cell lysis and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) destructuration, leading to a worsening of process performances when high anaerobic HRT (>8 h) was imposed. In contrast, scheme B enabled the establishment of maintenance metabolism in addition to the uncoupling metabolism, while cell lysis and EPS destruction were minimized. This allowed obtaining higher sludge reduction yield without compromising the effluent quality.

Influence of artificial landmarks on the accuracy of complete arch scans in the partially edentulous maxilla: An in vitro study

Statement of problemScan path length and the presence of edentulous alveolar ridge sections have a negative influence on scanning accuracy. How different artificial landmarks combined with an adapted scanning method affect accuracy is unclear. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of 2 different artificial landmarks combined with an adapted scanning method on the scanning accuracy of a partially edentulous maxillary model. Material and methodsThe model simulated a maxilla with 6 prepared teeth to accommodate a complete arch fixed partial denture. Five ceramic precision balls (ball center P1–P5), distributed buccally to the dental arch, were used to detect the dimensional and angular changes between the reference model and the intraoral scans. One intraoral scanner (Primescan) was used to make 30 scans each with either the scanning strategy recommended by the manufacturer (M) or with an adapted scanning strategy and the use of a bar (B) or 4 plates (P) as artificial landmarks in the dorsal palate. Data were statistically analyzed using a generalized least squares regression model (α=.05). ResultsScanning with artificial landmarks reduced the maximum absolute distance deviations (M: 249 μm, B: 190 μm, P: 238 μm) and the maximum angle deviations (M: 0.31 degrees, B: 0.28 degrees, P: 0.26 degrees). Vertical distance deviations were improved by 10 to 50% with the use of artificial landmarks. Absolute mean distance deviations were significantly lower for group M (P<.001). In contrast, with artificial landmarks, mean angle (P<.001) and mean vertical distance deviations (P<.014) improved significantly. ConclusionsScanning with artificial landmarks in the dorsal palate combined with an adapted scanning method improved the scanning accuracy and reliability of vertical distance deviations.

A Green Electrochemical Method for the Synthesis of New Sulfonamide and Disulfonamide Derivatives Based on the Oxidation of Phenylhydrazine Derivatives and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Activity

Electrochemical synthesis of some new sulfonamide and disulfonamide derivatives was carried out via the air-assisted electrochemical oxidation of phenylhydrazine (PhD) and 4-hydrazineylbenzenesulfonamide (HBS) derivatives in the presence of arylsulfinic acids (AS1–AS3), respectively. The results indicated that electrochemically generated phenyldiazene (PDZ) participated in Michael type reaction with arylsulfinic acids and were converted to the corresponding sulfonamide derivatives. In this paper is described the preparation of some new sulfonamide derivatives (P1–P5) in high yields in aqueous/ethanol mixture, under constant current conditions, without toxic reagents at a carbon electrode using an environmentally friendly method. Also, antibacterial tests indicated that the products showed good antibacterial performance against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Realizing External Quantum Efficiency over 25% with Low Efficiency Roll-Off in Polymer-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Synergistically Utilizing Intramolecular Sensitization and Bipolar Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Monomer

Realizing External Quantum Efficiency over 25% with Low Efficiency Roll-Off in Polymer-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Synergistically Utilizing Intramolecular Sensitization and Bipolar Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Monomer

Component-Resolved Diagnosis for Endotyping Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a predominantly type 2 inflammation-mediated disease of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses that often coexists with asthma. The role of atopy in the development and severity of CRSwNP is still a controversial issue. Objective: The aim of our study was to propose a systematic allergy workup to identify atopic patients in the context of CRSwNP and to characterize their allergen sensitization profile (sources/molecules). Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of CRSwNP (n = 97) were studied in the otorhinolaryngologist and allergy settings. Demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient. Different allergen sensitization profiles (sources/molecules) were evaluated in atopic CRSwNP patients by using component-resolved diagnosis (CRD). Results: In our cohort of patients, the CRSwNP was frequently diagnosed during adulthood with significant impact on health-related quality of life. Asthma and atopy were the most common comorbidities with a prevalence of asthma in the atopic group. In CRSwNP patients sensitized to grass pollens and/or to house dust mites, the CRD analysis revealed a prevalence of sensitization to species-specific allergens of Phleum pratense (Phl p1, Phl p2, and Phl p5) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1 and Der p2) rather than to cross-reactive ones. Conclusion: To define the allergen sensitization profile in atopic CRSwNP patients by CRD, it may be useful to better characterize type 2 inflammation, thus providing a personalized endotype-driven treatment.

Reduced Expression of Emotion: A Red Flag Signalling Conversion to Psychosis in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) Populations

Objective: In this hypothesis-testing study, which is based on findings from a previous atheoretical machine-learning study, we test the predictive power of baseline “reduced expression of emotion” for psychosis. Method: Study participants (N = 96, mean age 16.55 years) were recruited from the Prevention of Psychosis Study in Rogaland, Norway. The Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) was conducted 13 times over two years. Reduced expression of emotion was added to positive symptoms at baseline (P1–P5) as a predictor of psychosis onset over a two-year period using logistic regression. Results: Participants with a score above zero on expression of emotion had over eight times the odds of conversion (OR = 8.69, p < .001). Data indicated a significant dose–response association. A model including reduced expression of emotion at baseline together with the positive symptoms of the SIPS rendered the latter statistically insignificant. Conclusions: The study findings confirm findings from the previous machine-learning study, indicating that observing reduced expression of emotion may serve two purposes: first, it may add predictive value to psychosis conversion, and second, it is readily observable. This may facilitate detection of those most at risk within the clinical high risk of psychosis population, as well as those at clinical high risk. A next step could be including this symptom within current high-risk criteria. Future research should consolidate these findings.