Nitrotoluene Research Articles

Ionization behaviors of nitrotoluenes and dinitrotoluenes by reactions with acetone-related reactant ion.

Dinitrotoluenes (DNTs) and nitrotoluenes (NTs) are found in the environment as metabolites of trinitrotoluene (TNT). When acetone is used as the solvent/eluent in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS), the reactant ion is [2Acetone + O2 ]•- for the negative ion mode. The reactant ion reacts with an analyte to produce M•- and/or [M - H]- under atmospheric pressure. In this study, ionization behaviors of NT (2-, 3-, and 4-NTs) and DNT isomers (2,3-, 2,4-, and 2,6-DNTs) by reactions with [2Acetone + O2 ]•- were investigated. The energy-minimized structures of the product ions and their energies were calculated to explain the differences in the ionization behaviors. Typical NT- and DNT-related ions were produced by reactions with [2Acetone + O2 ]•- ; NT•- , [NT - H]- , DNT•- , [DNT - H]- , and [DNT - NO]- ions. The ionization efficiencies of NT- and DNT-related ions increased by increasing the source fragmentor voltage, and those of DNT-related ions were higher than those of the NT-related ions owing to the presence of an additional nitro group. The ionization efficiency of 3-NT•- was higher than that of [NT - H]- , while that of [DNT - H]- was higher than those of DNT•- and [DNT - NO]- . The ionization efficiency order of NT•- was 3-NT > 4-NT > 2-NT, while that of [DNT - H]- was 2,4-DNT > 2,6-DNT > 2,3-DNT. The [NT - H]- and [DNT - H]- ions were stabilized by resonance structures containing nitro groups. The [DNT - NO]- ions were formed through the transition state.

Coulomb Explosion Dynamics of Multiply Charged para-Nitrotoluene Cations.

This work explores Coulomb explosion (CE) dissociation pathways in multiply charged cations of para-nitrotoluene (PNT), a model compound for nitroaromatic energetic molecules. Experiments using strong-field ionization and mass spectrometry indicate that metastable cations PNT2+ and PNT3+ undergo CE to produce NO2+ and NO+. The experimentally measured kinetic energy release from CE upon formation of NO2+ and NO+ agrees qualitatively with the kinetic energy release predicted by computations of the reaction pathways in PNT2+ and PNT3+ using density functional theory (DFT). Both DFT computations and mass spectrometry identified additional products from CE of highly charged PNTq+ cations with q > 3. The dynamical timescales required for direct CE of PNT2+ and PNT3+ to produce NO2+ were estimated to be 200 and 90 fs, respectively, using ultrafast disruptive probing measurements.

Evaluation of the bioluminescence activity, biokinetics, and the effects of binary mixtures of inducers on the Pm-lux recombinant strain

The bioluminescence activity and biokinetics of a recombinant Pseudomonas putida mt-2 were investigated in the presence of various inducers: three chlorotoluenes (CTs) and two nitrotoluenes (NTs). The effects of binary mixtures (40 combinations) of eleven inducers on the bioluminescence activity were also studied. Different responses and toxicities were observed depending on the type of inducers and concentrations. The intensity of the bioluminescent response at 1 mM of individual inducers was in the following order: o-CT > p-CT > m-CT > o-NT and p-NT. The biokinetics calculated based on the bioluminescence activity was in the range of 0.109–8.417 mM for the half-saturation constant (Ks) and 6.083–19.880 h−1 for the maximum SBR (µmax). In the case of binary mixtures, the observed bioluminescence was 4–810% (avg. 80.4%) of the expected bioluminescence intensity depending on the combinations (0.0001 < p < 0.5226). Among these binary mixture combinations, 27 out of 40 combinations indicated antagonistic effects (3–83% of expected activity; p < 0.0391) under the exposure of inducer mixtures. Overall, this study demonstrated that the proper biomonitoring for specific chemicals could be established by considering the characteristics of mixture pollutants for their possible usages as a preliminary rapid and field analytical bio-tool.

Construction of uranyl MOF based on flexible triazine multi-carboxylate ligand and fluorescence response to nitro compounds

Uranyl MOF {H3O·[(UO2)(H3TTHA)]·2H2O} (1) with a 2D network structure was successfully constructed by flexible 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hexaacetic acid (H6TTHA) as ligand and UO2(CH3COO)2·2H2O as metal source. The compound 1 was basically characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, UV–vis spectra, PXRD pattern and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the fluorescence characteristics of 1, the fluorescence response to nitro compounds such as p-nitrophenol (PNP), p-dinitrobenzene (pDNB) and p-nitrotoluene (PNT) were also explored at room temperature. The experimental results showed that the compound 1 had a good potential for detecting nitro compounds due to its low detection limit and high quenching constant.

Tetrazine-based 1D polymers for the selective chemiresistive sensing of nitrogen dioxide via the interplay between hydrogen bonding and n-heteroatom interactions

There is a great demand for the reliable and quantitative detection of NO2 to monitor and control environmental pollution and subsequently prevent harmful human health effects. Metal oxide-based chemiresistive sensors detect this notorious gas, but high operating temperatures (100–500 °C) limit their applicability. Organic polymers can perform room-temperature sensing, but such sensors are rare due to the lack of functional groups needed for effective analyte detection and discrimination. This paper describes the selective sensing of NO2 gas by incorporating well-defined N-heteroatom functionalization into organic polymers. Three structurally analogous novel one-dimensional tetrazine polymers (p-phenyl-, m-phenyl- and thienyl-substituted) were synthesized in this study. Incorporating such π units allows the polymers to be stabilized in their partially oxidized forms, resulting in various ratios of dihydrotetrazine (0–55%):tetrazine units in the polymer backbone. All of the synthesized polymers were tested as resistive sensors for NO2. The polymer pPTz, possessing the highest dihydrotetrazine (~55%) content, exhibited the best performance for detecting 25–150 ppm NO2 compared to the other two polymers (mPTz, TTz). The pPTz-based sensor was found to be fast, taking 115 s to respond to 150 ppm NO2, reversible with a recovery time of 560 s for 150 ppm NO2 and could sense NO2 at room temperature. pPTz was also found to be highly selective for NO2 over the other tested analytes, such as NH3, EtOH, MeOH, acetone, 2-nitro toluene, and humidity. Synergetic interactions arising from –NH hydrogen bonding (dihydrotetrazine) and the N-heteroatom (tetrazine) functionalities in pPTz were expected to be the reason for the superior and selective detection of NO2. The structure-property relationship studies reported in this work may pave the way for designing functional conducting polymers for excellent chemiresistive sensing.

Coherent Control of Molecular Dissociation by Selective Excitation of Nuclear Wave Packets.

We report on pump-probe control schemes to manipulate fragmentation product yields in p-nitrotoluene (PNT) cation. Strong field ionization of PNT prepares the parent cation in the ground electronic state, with coherent vibrational excitation along two normal modes: the C–C–N–O torsional mode at 80 cm−1 and the in-plane ring-stretching mode at 650 cm−1. Both vibrational wave packets are observed as oscillations in parent and fragment ion yields in the mass spectrum upon optical excitation. Excitation with 650 nm selectively fragments the PNT cation into , whereas excitation with 400 nm selectively produces and . In both cases the ion yield oscillations result from torsional wave packet excitation, but 650 and 400 nm excitation produce oscillations with opposite phases. Ab initio calculations of the ground and excited electronic potential energy surfaces of PNT cation along the C–C–N–O dihedral angle reveal that 400 nm excitation accesses an allowed transition from D0 to D6 at 0° dihedral angle, whereas 650 nm excitation accesses a strongly allowed transition from D0 to D4 at a dihedral angle of 90°. This ability to access different electronic excited states at different locations along the potential energy surface accounts for the selective fragmentation observed with different probe wavelengths. The ring-stretching mode, only observed using 800 nm excitation, is attributed to a D0 to D2 transition at a geometry with 90° dihedral angle and elongated C–N bond length. Collectively, these results demonstrate that strong field ionization induces multimode coherent excitation and that the vibrational wave packets can be excited with specific photon energies at different points on their potential energy surfaces to induce selective fragmentation.

In Silico Studies and Design of Scrupulous Novel Sensor for Nitro Aromatics Compounds and Metal Ions Detection.

A Novel calix[4]pyrrole system bearing carboxylic acid functionality [ABuCP] has been synthesized and its interaction towards various nitroaromatics compounds [NACs] were investigated. ABuCP showed significant color change with 1,3-dinitro benzene (1,3-DNB) in comparison to the solution of other nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,3-dinitro toluene (2,3-DNT), 2,4-dinitro toluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitro toluene (2,6-DNT), 4-NBB (4-nitrobenzyl bromide) and 4-nitro toluene (4-NT). The ABuCP-1,3-DNB complex produces a red shift in absorption spectra based on charge transfer mediated recognition. Additionally, the density functional theory calculation confirmed the possible mechanism for the binding of 1,3-DNB as a guest is well supported by the calculation of other parameters such as hardness, stabilization energy, softness, electrophilicity index and chemical potential. The TDDFT calculation facilitates the understanding of the proper binding mechanism in reference to experimental results. Additionally we have also developed its derivative which acts as a new fluorescent sensor which can selectively recognize Sr(II) ions. In this view its aminoanthraquinone derivative of calix[4]pyrrole i.e. ABuCPTAA is synthesized which also results in generation of high fluorescence capability sensor.

Color ruler to confirm spectrophotometer results for nitro compound content in acidic wastewater from TNT processes

This study aimed to find an additional analytical reference procedure to verify the accuracy of single beam Spectrophotometer results that used to determine the concentration of nitro compound pollutants such as TNT, DNT, and MNT (Tri Nitro Toluene, Di Nitro toluene, and Mono Nitro Toluene respectively) in treated acidic wastewater generated from TNT manufacturing. This procedure was tested and confirmed to be a reference for a single-beam spectrophotometer. In this study 10 samples with known concentrations were taken and prepared for colorimetric analysis, the concentrations gradient from 10mg/L up to 60mg/L to make a ruler with gradient color, this ruler was suitable for high concentration samples but to specify the low concentration samples the procedure depended on adding a known concentration to the unknown concentration sample then this added concentration transferred the samples from unspecified color to specified color on the ruler consisted by known concentration mentioned above, the concentration of unknown concentration samples were specified by taking the concentration corresponding to the ruler color a subtracting the value of added concentration and the value of the remains was sample concentration. This study proved the reliability of this procedure to confirm single-beam spectrophotometer results, determining low concentration value of unknown concentration sample of TNT acidic wastewater, and then it can be used as a substituent of spectrophotometer in the event of malfunctions.

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) guided preparation of Ag nanostructures on Ti substrate for sensitive SERS detection of small molecules

Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has become a powerful analytical technique for highly sensitive detection of target molecules. Its performance, however, is heavily dependent on the substrates. Relatively low sensitivity for small molecules and poor reproducibility in quantitative analysis are often encountered in most of nanoparticle modified SERS substrate. The present work starts by theoretical investigation of the electromagnetic field enhancement by nanomaterials of coinage metals with different sizes. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation results revealed that the Ag NPs with the size around 100 nm exhibit the strongest SERS effect and the ‘Ag-Ag’ gaps have shown higher electromagnetic field enhancement than that of the ‘Ag-Ti’ gap. Subsequently, a multilayered Ag nanoparticles SERS substrate (or other coinage metals) was prepared by a two-step electroless deposition of Ag on Ti substrate. This was achieved by in situ reduction of Ag precursor to subsequently form a Ag nanoflake (Ag NF) layer and a Ag nanoparticle (Ag NPs) layer on the Ti base (Ti/AgNFs/AgNPs). The as-prepared SERS substrate showed a substantially enhanced SERS effect for small molecule detection and detection limit as low as 1.0 × 10-17 M for picric acid (PA), 1.0 × 10-14 M for p-nitrotoluene (PNT) and 1.0 × 10-6 M for uric acid (UA) were obtained respectively. The facile method developed in this work should be widely applicable for in-situ preparation of other SERs substrates.

Effect of Electron-Donating Groups on the Electrochemical Degradation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds in Aprotic Media Containing CO2

The electrochemical degradation of p-nitrochlorobenzene in aprotic media containing CO2 is reported. Little is known about the effects of electron-donating groups on electrochemical degradation of aromatic nitro compounds. Accordingly, electrochemical behavior of nitrobenzene (NB), para-nitrotoluene (PNT), and para-nitroanisole (PNA), in an aprotic solvent containing CO2, was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and potenstiostatic electrolysis. It was established that their electrochemical reduction was an irreversible four-electron transfer process. Based on cyclic voltabsorptometry (CVA), derivative cyclic voltabsorptometry (DCVA), and chronoamperometry (CA), a mechanism of electroreduction of aromatic nitro compounds in the presence of CO2 was proposed. The products of potenstiostatic electrolysis, in the presence of CO2, were characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR. NB and PNT gave only the corresponding azo compound with a 99% conversion rate. However, the conversion rate of PNA was lower (78%) due to the effect of the strong electron-donating methoxy group. The intermediate reduction product 4,4′-dimethoxyazoxybenzene was formed along 4,4′-dimethoxyazobenzene. In the process, CO2 was converted to CO32–. This constitutes a new way of carbon sequestration.

PPV Nanotube Sensor Arrays for Explosives Identification by Excitation Wavelength Regulation

AbstractThe development of sensitive materials for standard and improvised explosives is greatly significant to homeland security. In this paper, the phosphotungstate (NaPT) doped polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) nanotube arrays (NTAs), with excellent optical response, chemical stability, and larger specific surface area, are successfully fabricated by means of the “precursor film” infiltration method. The efficient charge carriers' separation of PPV NTAs can be achieved by doping NaPT to realize the photoelectric detection of explosive vapors. In addition, the identification of six explosives, including ammonium nitrate (AN), dinitrotoluence (DNT), picric acid (PA), p‐nitrotoluene (PNT), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), and trinitrotoluene (TNT), can also be realized through the fingerprint atlas. Moreover, the adsorption energy and excited oscillator intensity has also been employed to explain the interaction between NaPT doped PPV nanotube arrays and various explosive molecules. Obviously, the NaPT doped PPV developed has the potential to be used as an explosive sensor.

Production of Pd nanoparticles embedded on micro-sized chitosan/graphitic carbon nitride hybrid spheres for treatment of environmental pollutants in aqueous medium

The presence of various organic contaminants such as toxic nitro compounds and dyes in water/wastewater poses a major problem for the environment and human health. Therefore, the treatments of these pollutants are of vital importance. For this aim, a novel heterogeneous catalyst system, in which Pd nanoparticles were immobilized on micro sized chitosan-g-C3N4 hybrid spheres was developed, and its nano-sized structure was confirmed by SEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR, TG and TEM analyses (Pd-CS-g-C3N4). Then the catalytic potential of Pd-CS-g-C3N4 was evaluated against the reduction of various organic pollutants such as 4-nitro toluene (4-NT), 2-nitroanilin (2-NA), 4-nitroanilin (4-NA), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 3-nitrophenol (3-NP), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4-NPD), 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4-NBA), 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (4-NBZA), methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), congo red (CR), and methyl red (MR) in aqueous solution at room temperature by using NaBH4. The catalytic performance tests showed that Pd-CS-g-C3N4 nanocatalyst effectively catalyzed both nitro compound and organic dye reductions within very short reaction time. Furthermore, Pd-CS-g-C3N4 nanocatalyst was reused many times by preserving both its chemical structure and activity.

Cetane Number Improvement of Distilled Diesel from Tawke Wells

The current research aims to improve the cetane number of diesel extracted from the crude oil of Tawke region-Iraq Kurdistan. A specific mixture of chemical compounds was prepared which included m-nitrophenol, 4-nitro toluene, and nitrobenzene. The components' effects were investigated with regard to the cetane number, flash point, viscosity, and refractive index of diesel. The quantity of each compound mixed with diesel was prepared based on the statistical analysis of the experiment device (Box–Behnken Designs-BBDs). The tested mixture showed a good agreement and improvement of cetane and flash point and a very low effect on viscosity and refractive index. According to the statistical analysis, the main influence on cetane number and the flashpoint was from m-nitrophenol. The investigation showed that the best results were acquired from the samples of 25PPM 4-nitro toluene and 50PPM m-nitrophenol with a cetane number of 65.3. The correlation and the interaction of the regression equation were linear with all cases. It is worth mentioning that all additives positively influenced the cetane number in the regression equation. The sulfur content was measured as well, and the obtained weight percentage of sulfur was 0.8404%.

Employing a new catalytic ozonation(O3/MnO2/CP) for degradation of Nitro toluene in aqueous environment using Box-Behnken experimental design

In this work, the degradation of Nitro toluene (NT) which is one of the constituents of petrochemical wastewater was explored byMnO2/Clinoptilolite/O3 process. The Box-Behnken experimental design was used and the effect of some operating parameters such as concentration of pollutant, initial pH, and amount of MnO2/Cp was inspected. A radical mechanism with the formation of an anion radical ( before hydroxyl radical is proposed for describing the interaction between ozone and MnO2/Cp . The optimum conditions predicted by the model were as the following: [MnO2/Cp ] = 0.45 mg/L, pH at 8.5, ozonation time at 48 min and [NT] = 30 mg/L.In optimum condition, the removal of NT and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was 99.8, and 74% respectively. The removal of NT in the ozone along with MnO2/CP was higher than the sum of the separate processes of single adsorption of catalyst (6%) at 0.6 mg/L and single ozonation(79%).

Photo-degradation of P-Nitro Toluene Using Modified Bentonite Based Nano-TiO2 Photocatalyst in Aqueous Solution

In recent decades, Iran has been facing severe water deficiency. In all countries, industrial plants are the most water-consuming sectors; thus, industrial wastewater treatment is always a essential subject. Nitro-Toluene derivatives are extensively used in industries, especially the military industry, which itself has an abundant share in industrial wastewater contamination. These compounds are extremely dangerous for living beings and can have irreparable effects, so eradication of them in industrial wastewater is necessary. Photocatalytic processes are one of the particular approaches in industrial wastewater treatment from the advanced oxidation processes subdivision. One of the prominent and most widely used photocatalysts in this process is Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) . This research aims at the investigations for the modification of TiO2/Bentonite (TB) catalysts for attaining more economical saving and degradation stabilization conditions. To achieve this goal, the Bentonite and TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized by a co-precipitation procedure, and its catalytic activity on Para Nitro-Toluene (PNT) degradation was examined. The designed TB photocatalyst is made of 5, 10 and 20 % of TB. A suspension reactor and the spectrophotometry was applied for specifying the extent of the degradation. Characterization of modified catalyst was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results highlight that with increasing TiO2 percent, degradation rate augmented, and the highest degradation was attained for TB 20% at 59%. However, Under the same conditions, for pure TiO2, the degradation rate is 64%, but with more TiO2 consumption and time. Finally, in order to further confirm the extent of the degradation, chemical oxygen demand (COD) test was performed on the TA20 sample. The results showed that about 53% of PNT has been converted to minerals.

Photo-degradation of P-Nitro Toluene Using Modified Risk Assessment of Gasoline Storage Unit of National Iranian Oil Product Distribution Company using PHAST Software

The present study evaluates the risk of the gasoline tank of the National Iranian Oil Product Distribution Company (NIOPDC) in Sari region using process hazard analysis software tool (PHAST) and according to the environmental and process data of the unit. The consequences of different scenarios such as small and medium leakage, constant release rate and complete rupture were modeled and then the range of each one was obtained according to the intensity of radiation or pressure wave and the safe distances of each was determined. Due to the consequences of the explosion, the worst results were related to the weather conditions of 2/3 F for 4700, 2400, and 2300 meters, respectively. Also, based on eruptive and sudden fire data, the intensity of radiation which corresponds to the immediate death or destruction of equipment was seen in climatic conditions of (2/3 F and 4/1 D), at intervals of 180 and 160 meters distances, respectively. In these two weather conditions flammability intervals were 10520 and 450 meters. Then, by combining the severity of these accidents with the distribution of the population and the probability of their occurrence, the level of risk for these storages was determined.

Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Extraction Effeciency of N-p-tolyl-N benzohydroxamic Acid towards Certain Metal Ions

The hydroxamic acid was prepared by the partial reduction of p- nitro toluene to give N-p-tolyl hydroxyl amine which was coupled with benzoyl chloride to give N-p-tolyl-N-benzohydroxamic acid.The hydroxamic acid prepared was identified by their characteristic colored reaction with vanadium (V) and iron (lll), melting point, I.R. spectra, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry.The extractive properties of hydroxamic acids towards the metal ions like Fe (lll), Cu (ll), Ni (ll) and Co (ll) were examined using appropriate organic solvent. N-p- tolyl -N-benzohydroxamic acid was found to have a maximum extraction for Fe (lll) 75.10% at pH 5.0, Cu (ll) 99.81% at pH 5.0, Ni (ll) 59.45% at pH 7.0 and Co (ll) 99.40% at pH 10.0.The hydroxamic acid was found to extract efficiently metals like Ni (ll) in neutral pH values, Fe (lll), Cu (ll), in pH near to neutral and Co (ll) at alkali pH values.

Degradation of p-Nitrotoluene in aqueous environment by Fe(II)/Peroxymonosulfate using full factorial experimental design

ABSTRACT In this project, the removal of p-Nitrotoluene (PNT) in typical synthetic wastewater was investigated using Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) motivated by Ferrous Ion. The PNT was degraded by sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The effect of various factors such as ferrous ion and PMS concentrations, and pH on the removal of PNT was studied. Three-level full Factorial design of experiments (FFD) was employed for experimental design and statistical analysis. It was revealed that the PMS and ferrous ion concentrations and quadratic terms were statistically significant while the factor interactions were insignificant model terms. Increasing the PMS and ferrous ion concentrations enhanced the PNT removal efficiency to some extent. The pH had two-contrast influence and the neutral pH was the best. The most significant term was the concentration of ferrous ion, which influenced greatly on PMS and considerably caused a change in the PNT removal efficiency. R-squared, as a measure of the amount of variation around the mean explained by the model was 0.9827. The maximum removal condition was obtained at pH of 7, ferrous ion concentration of 12 mM and PMS concentration of 25 mM. The maximum removal of PNT and COD was achieved as 96% and 67%, respectively.

Determination of nitroaromatic explosive residues in water by stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Nitroaromatic compounds were massively used in the formulation of explosives during both world wars. Even several decades after the end of these wars, their residues are suspected to be widely present in the environment. Their occurrence and effect on ecosystems and human health are still not fully determined. This paper describes the development of a method for the determination of 28 nitroaromatic compounds in water, including isomers of nitrotoluene (NT), dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitrobenzene (NB), dinitrobenzene (DNB), chloronitrobenzene (ClNB), chlorodinitrobenzene (DNCB), nitronaphthalene (NN), dinitronaphthalene (DNN), nitroaniline (NA), dinitroanisole (DNAN), diphenylamine (DPA), and nitrodiphenylamine (nitro-DPA). In order to separate and individually quantify all the analytes with the best possible sensitivity, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was chosen as the extraction and pre-concentration step prior to gas chromatography (GC) separation and tandem mass spectrometry detection (MS/MS). Our SBSE optimization efforts focused on parameters such as the type of stir bar, ionic strength, addition of organic solvent, and extraction and desorption times. After these optimizations, the analytical method enabled us to reach limits of quantification (LOQs) between 1 and 50ng/L in tap water, groundwater, and surface water. The method was applied to the determination of targeted nitroaromatic explosive residues in spring and groundwater samples collected in an area where mine warfare had raged during World War I. Up to 16 different nitroaromatic compounds were detected in the same sample. The highest concentrations were recorded for 2,4-DNT and 1,3-DNB (1700 and 2690ng/L respectively).

Study on Response of G+5 Symmetric Structure Subjected to Blast Loads

There is a need to study and design blast resistance structures as the terrorist activities are increasing day by day for all important structures. In present day scenario, accidental or intentional blast may take place at any point of time. From the recent blast in India at Pulwama in 2019, Bogota city in Colombia 2019 and Mogadishu city in Somalia 2018, there was a huge loss for human life. Hence, it is vital to understand how structures behave when they experience blast loads. In this paper the effects and behavior of a G+5 symmetric Reinforced concrete building with surface blast for three different charge weights of 500, 1500 and 2500 kg TNT (Tri nitro toluene) assuming that the blast has occurred from a range of 10, 15 and 20 meters in lateral direction and analysis was done using SAP 2000 considering on the positive phase of the blast. Based on the results obtained from the study, response for variations in inter storey drift and energy absorbed by the considered structure is studied.