Ozone Detection Research Articles

Ozone detection based on an nitrogen oxide photoacoustic spectroscopy system and chemical reaction

Ozone detection based on an nitrogen oxide photoacoustic spectroscopy system and chemical reaction

Ozone-3,6-dihydroxynaphtha-2,7-disulphonate chemiluminescence system is used for online ozone detection.

The chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between ozone and 3,6-dihydroxynaphtha-2,7-disulphonate (DNDS) was found under alkaline conditions. Therefore, a novel CL system for ozone detection was established. The CL signal of the CL system is weak, and the CL signal is enhanced by adding nonionic surfactants. It was found that adding 16.4g/l Triton X-100 can enhance the CL signal. The CL reagent activated by ultraviolet (UV) light produced a CL signal was nearly 10 times stronger than the CL reagent not activated by UV light; the CL signal was enhanced by adding 8g/l NaHCO3 to the CL reagent irradiated by UV light. Through the optimization of these test conditions, a high-selectivity, high-sensitivity online detection method for ozone CL was established. The linear range was 0.5-150 ppbv, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.092 ppbv (S/N = 3).

Cataluminescence System Coupled with Vacuum Desorption-Sampling Methodology for Real-Time Ozone Sensing during the Self-Decomposition Process on Functional Boron Nitride.

The treatment and detection of ozone have been widely studied in recent decades with respect to toxicity and contamination, while the measurement method of ozone is relatively toneless. Fortunately, a new concept of the cataluminescence (CTL) sensor provides a scheme of real-time ozone sensing in a tiny system. Here, a novel CTL sensor system was specially developed with silica-hydroxyl functional boron nitride as the sensing material for rapid and sensitive ozone detection. Coupled with the construction of a pulse vacuum static sampling system, ozone on the surface of sensing material can be desorbed rapidly and can step into the next detection circulation in a few seconds. Based on the strong emission initiated by the transient of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, a trioxide group, and an oxygen radical, the detection limit of ozone could be optimized to be as low as 51.2 ppb. Besides, the sensor system exhibited remarkable anti-interference performance in which humidity changes and common VOCs do not disturb or weakly disturb ozone sensing, and the CTL mechanism of the multistep degradation process was further discussed on the basis of multiple pieces of experimental evidence and a DFT transient calculation. A real-time degradation-sensing module was further attached to the system to realize the functions of ozone decomposition and real-time monitoring.

Analysis of Vertical Distribution of Ozone in Winter and Its Transport from Stratosphere to Troposphere in the Pearl River Delta Region of China

The vertical distribution of winter ozone in the Pearl River Delta in 2021 was analyzed using electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde and compared with the ozone Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. The transport of stratospheric ozone to the troposphere was also explored. The results show that (1) the maximum value of the stratospheric ozone layer was about 25 km. The stratospheric ozone profile is mainly unimodal, and the stratospheric ozone content was much higher than that of the troposphere. In the troposphere, the ozone content near the ground (0-2 km) was slightly higher than that between 5 and 15 km. The ozone profile in the upper and middle troposphere showed a peak structure, which was mainly divided into single peak (22%) and multipeak (77%) profiles. (2) In the middle and lower troposphere, the vertical profile of ozone detected by LiDAR is significantly different from that detected by sounding system. The difference between the two ranged from 10 ppb to 60 ppb at the same height. Ozone sounding can supplement the blind area of the near-ground layer by LiDAR ozone detection and can calibrate the inversion results of LiDAR. (3) On January 5, 2022, stratospheric ozone was transported to the troposphere. The stratospheric intrusion occurred due the high wind speed of the subtropical jet centre over Qingyuan and due to strong subsidence movement. When the stratospheric air mass moved to the troposphere, and subsidence airflow encountered, the ozone concentration near the ground was rapidly increased in a short time. It was identified as an “exceptional event.”

The Impact of Gaseous Ozone Penetration on the Disinfection Efficiency of Textile Materials

ABSTRACT The utilization of gaseous ozone (a powerful oxidant) in air, for disinfection and sterilization purposes, has been extensively studied for diverse applications; however, the optimal deployment of this technology for textile disinfection is deserving of further research attention and is this the focus of this work. In this study, the penetration efficiency of ozone gas into hard-to-reach regions of different garment types is critically examined. The impacts of garment packing density, hanging orientation and ozonation duration are also considered, and the resultant disinfection efficiencies are comparatively analyzed. An ozonation chamber fitted with remote ozone detection is utilized for the ozonation of fabric swatches inoculated with Escherichia coli bacteria. The number of colony-forming units per cm2 and the bacterial lawn area fraction are evaluated pre- and post-ozonation to quantify the level of disinfection. This study shows that the attainment of sufficient ozone concentrations in hard-to-reach regions of different garment types coupled with the inter-garment spacing utilized are vital for effective decontamination. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness of ozonation as a necessary technology for decontamination, particularly in this era, where the sterilization of textiles and other materials is paramount for public health and safety.

Room temperature optical detection of ultra-low ozone concentration using photoluminescent ZnO nanohybrids

The highly sensitive room temperature (RT) photoluminescence (PL) emission of zinc oxide (ZnO) in the presence of ozone (O3) is demonstrated for the first time. The optical materials examined consist of commercially available luminescent ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), as well as ZnO/polymer nanohybrids, with different polymeric matrices (poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)), which are excited with a UV pulsed laser source (λex= 248 nm, τex= 15 ns).The PL emission of the ZnO NPs and their nanohybrids (ZnO/PPEGMA, ZnO/PDMS) is investigated upon exposure to ozone gas and their sensing characteristics, such as response (%ΔI), reversibility, response/recovery time are determined, as a function of ozone concentration in synthetic air.Sensing tests revealed that all materials allowed the detection of ozone gas in a wide range of concentrations in synthetic air (1600 down to 50 ppb), with the ZnO/PDMS nanohybrid exhibiting the highest response and recovery time of about 50 s (at 750 ppb ozone concentration) and 100 s, respectively. Finally, its remarkable optical response of about 20% at 50 ppb ozone concentration at RT, underlines the great potential of the ZnO/PDMS nanohybrid to serve as a sensitive probe for ozone detection, thereby introducing new developments in optosensing applications.

Ozone production in electron irradiated CO2:O2 ices.

The detection of ozone (O3) in the surface ices of Ganymede, Jupiter's largest moon, and of the Saturnian moons Rhea and Dione, has motivated several studies on the route of formation of this species. Previous studies have successfully quantified trends in the production of O3 as a result of the irradiation of pure molecular ices using ultraviolet photons and charged particles (i.e., ions and electrons), such as the abundances of O3 formed after irradiation at different temperatures or using different charged particles. In this study, we extend such results by quantifying the abundance of O3 as a result of the 1 keV electron irradiation of a series of 14 stoichiometrically distinct CO2:O2 astrophysical ice analogues at 20 K. By using mid-infrared spectroscopy as our primary analytical tool, we have also been able to perform a spectral analysis of the asymmetric stretching mode of solid O3 and the variation in its observed shape and profile among the investigated ice mixtures. Our results are important in the context of better understanding the surface composition and chemistry of icy outer Solar System objects, and may thus be of use to future interplanetary space missions such as the ESA Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer and the NASA Europa Clipper missions, as well as the recently launched NASA James Webb Space Telescope.

Structural and gas-sensitive characteristics of thin semiconductor PdO films of various thicknesses during ozone detection

PdO films were obtained by thermal deposition of palladium metal with a thickness of 30 and 90 nm, followed by its oxidation in air at different temperatures. PdO oxide films are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Data on the semiconductor properties and gas sensitivity to different concentrations of ozone in the air are obtained. The optimal temperature conditions for the oxidation of the films are established, which ensure their uniform phase composition and the absence of electrical noise during the detection of gases. The mechanism of the electrical noise appearance in ultrathin films associated with their fragmentation during oxidative annealing is proposed and justified. The possibility of detecting ozone impurities in the air below the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by PdO semiconductor films is shown. Keywords: palladium oxide thin films, phase composition, electrical noise, gas sensor properties.

Selective detection of ozone in inflamed mice using a novel activatable chemiluminescent probe.

We report here an activatable chemiluminescent probe CL-O3 for the high-contrast imaging of O3in vivo. CL-O3 exhibited a high selectivity toward O3 and was able to evaluate the degree of inflammation in mice by detecting endogenous O3 levels in acute inflamed mice.

Simultaneous electrochemical detection of ozone and free chlorine with a boron-doped diamond electrode.

O3 and free chlorine play significant roles in disinfection and organic degradation. There are numerous reports about their mixed-use, yet detection of the residual concentrations is not easily accomplished, whilst the interactions between them remain unclear. Herein, we develop a detection method using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode to achieve the simultaneous determination of O3 and free chlorine, which benefits from the unique property of the wide potential window of BDD electrodes. It is indicated that O3 can always be accurately determined at 0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl in an acidic solution (pH = 4-5), whether or not free chlorine is present in the solution, whereas free chlorine can be precisely monitored at -0.78 V vs. Ag/AgCl only after the O3 is completely depleted. Furthermore, in a basic solution (pH = 9-10), the reduction peak of O3 at 0.57 V vs. Ag/AgCl promptly disappears accompanied by a decrease in the peak current of free chlorine at 1.41 V. All the phenomena observed in the acidic and basic solutions are concurrently confirmed in a quasi-neutral solution. Based on these complementary measurements, a mechanism is proposed, in which the O3 reduction results in partial oxidation of the BDD surface, hindering the reduction of free chlorine in the acidic mixture; whereas O3 reacts quickly with free chlorine in the basic solution, which causes the co-consumption of both of them. It is hoped these results will give us a guide as to how better utilize mixtures and more precisely simultaneously determine O3 and free chlorine in the mixture.

Ozone sensing study of sprayed β-In2S3 thin films

The detection of ozone is very important and at low doses. Ozone is a secondary pollutant (primary pollutants are NOx, which with heat generate ozone) that can seriously damage the ENT sphere in humans. Brief exposure to ozone can cause eye, nasal and throat irritation, coughing, and headaches. Exposure to high concentration can cause decreased lung function. Ozone is strongly linked to asthma and can make symptoms worse. In France, the information threshold is around 90 ppb and the alert threshold is 180 ppb. In the US it's even lower (75 and 150 ppb). In order to integrate new sensitive materials for ozone detection, In2S3 films were prepared via a facile pyrolysis spray method. Physical properties of the obtained samples were investigated by GIXD, AFM, SEM, EDS, XPS, PL and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. The sensor shows high sensitivity to ozone and the limit of detection is as low as 40 ppb. The optimal working temperature is found to be 160 °C and the detection mechanism is based on dissociative chemisorption. In addition, the gas sensor exhibits acceptable rapidity and good selectivity at 160 °C. This study demonstrates the possibility of producing inexpensive and sensitive ozone gas sensors based on sprayed In2S3 films.

Near- and middle-ultraviolet reconfigurable Raman source using a record-low UV/visible transmission loss inhibited-coupling hollow-core fiber

We report on two types of Raman laser sources emitting in the near and middle ultraviolet spectral ranges by the use of a solarization-resilient gas-filled inhibited-coupling (IC) hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (HCPCF) with record low transmission loss (minimum of 5 dB/km at 480 nm). The first source type emits a Raman comb generated in a hydrogen-filled HCPCF pumped by a 355 nm wavelength microchip nanosecond pulsed laser. The generated comb lines span from 270 nm to the near-infrared region with no less than 20 lines in the 270–400 nm wavelength range. The second type stands for the first dual-wavelength Raman source tuned to the ozone absorption band in the ultraviolet. Such dual-wavelength source emits at either 266 nm and 289 nm, or 266 nm and 299 nm. The relative power of the pair components is set to optimize the sensitivity of ozone detection in differential absorption lidar (DIAL). The source’s physical package represents more than 10-fold size-reduction relative to current DIAL lasers, thus opening new opportunities in on-field ozone monitoring and mapping. Both Raman sources exhibit a very small footprint and are solarization-free.

Nanosheet-assembled In2O3 for sensitive and selective ozone detection at low temperature

To monitor ozone (O3) concentration in the environment, it is urgent to develop highly sensitive O3 gas sensors with low limit of detection (LOD) and relatively low working temperature. Herein, a series of nanosheet-assembled In2O3 with different chemisorbed oxygen components were prepared successfully. The hierarchical In2O3 sensing materials possessed the loose and porous structure. The O3 sensing results indicated that the adjustment on the amount of chemisorbed oxygen finely enhanced the response of the sensor. As an efficient O3 detector, the sensor exhibited an outstanding response of 16.7 to low concentration of O3 (100 ppb). And the LOD was measured as low as 30 ppb at a relatively low operating temperature (80 °C). In addition, it is observed that the O3 sensing behaviors were interfered by oxygen (O2) at the background. The response of the sensor was lower at the background of pure O2 than that at the background of air. Competitive adsorption between O3 and O2 molecules might exist and was investigated. Taken together, this work expands a new perspective to design highly superior O3 gas sensors.

Ozone detection in the ppt-level with rGO-ZnO based sensor

Abstract Although several studies have explored the rGO-ZnO nanocomposites gas sensing properties towards many gases, only a few are devoted to ozone detection. This paper explores a novel synthesis procedure of rGO-ZnO nanocomposites based upon a two-step physical process. Namely, a reduction process of GO carried out using UV laser radiation followed by a deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on the rGO surface by RF-magnetron Sputtering. Our results demonstrate that the deposition of ZnO on the surface of the rGO film produces a stable and conductive material with a larger surface area. Consequently, this material is able to operate at high temperatures and exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) in the range of 100 ppt, while pure ZnO exhibited LOD in the vicinity of 1 ppb.

A highly sensitive fluorescent probe for ozone based on coumarin-benzothiazole derivative

Ozone is widely used in daily life, but studies have shown that O3 can damage human trachea and lungs, leading to diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a simple and efficient detection method for monitoring O3 in living cells. In this study, 3-(but-3-en-1-yl)-2-(7-(but-3-en-1-yloxy)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium (BCT) as a new type of water-soluble fluorescent probe was synthesized by substitution reaction of 4-bromo-1-butene and hydroxycoumarin-benzothiazole derivatives, which can specifically detect ozone in aqueous solution. The interaction of ozone on the probe can be completed within 20 min, the fluorescence intensity is significantly enhanced, and it has the advantages of high sensitivity (detection limit LOD = 43 nM). The influence of pH on the fluorescent performance of BCT shows that the probe with super stability under weak alkali and acidic environment, which provides the necessary conditions for its detection of ozone in physiological system detection. Therefore, BCT is expected to become an effective tool for detecting ozone in cellular organisms.

Ozone detection by means of semiconductor gas sensors based on palladium (II) oxide

Thin film semiconductor sensors based on palladium oxide were produced to analyse the concentration of ozone in the air. The palladium oxide films were obtained by means of thermal oxidation of ~ 20-30 nm metal in air at various temperatures. The oxide films were studied using electron microscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The optical, electrophysical, and gas sensitivity properties of the films were investigated. The study determined the optimal oxidation annealing temperature that ensures the uniform composition of the films and absence of electrical noise affecting the gas detection process. The article explains that electrical noise in ultrathin films is caused by their fragmentation during oxidation annealing. The study demonstrated the high sensitivity of the obtained films to oxide.

Device for online monitoring of insulation faults in high-voltage switchgears

Partial discharges are the major cause of deterioration in the insulation characteristics of switchgears. Therefore, timely detection of partial discharge in switchgear and potential insulation faults is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed in the power supervision industry. In this study, a device was proposed for online monitoring of high-voltage switchgears based on pulse current method and ozone (O3) detection. The pulse current method obtains the PD signal by monitoring the phase holes on the switch indicator. Occurrence of a partial discharge in a certain phase leads to the production of a discharge pulse, which can be coupled out by a capacitive sensor. The current spectrum and the O3 produced by partial discharge were processed via fast Fourier transform for accurate diagnosis of the occurrence of partial discharge and its severity in switchgears. The proposed method allows for convenient acquisition of the partial discharge signal, simple installation of the device, and realization with inexpensive sensors.

Rational Fabrication of Crystalline Smart Materials for Rapid Detection and Efficient Removal of Ozone

AbstractTraditional ozone sensing and removal materials still suffer from high energy consumption and low efficiency. Thus, seeking new ozone‐responsive materials with high efficiency and broad working conditions is of great significance. Herein, we first developed covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for smart sensing and efficient removal of ozone. Notably, imine‐based COFs possess dramatically fast optical responses (<1 s) to ozone as low as 0.1 ppm under broad working conditions (e.g., in the presence or absence of moisture, room temperature). Moreover, we found that imine‐based COFs can also be applied as excellent ozone removers that can efficiently reduce the ozone concentration below the recommended safety limit (<0.1 ppm) for humans. The mechanism for the performance of imine‐based COFs was unveiled in‐depth by various characterization techniques and analyses. This study not only provides a new type of advanced materials for ozone sensing and removal but also broadens the application scope of COFs.

Rational Fabrication of Crystalline Smart Materials for Rapid Detection and Efficient Removal of Ozone

Traditional ozone sensing and removal materials still suffer from high energy consumption and low efficiency. Thus, seeking new ozone-responsive materials with high efficiency and broad working conditions is of great significance. Herein, we first developed covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for smart sensing and efficient removal of ozone. Notably, imine-based COFs possess dramatically fast optical responses (<1 s) to ozone as low as 0.1 ppm under broad working conditions (e.g., in the presence or absence of moisture, room temperature). Moreover, we found that imine-based COFs can also be applied as excellent ozone removers that can efficiently reduce the ozone concentration below the recommended safety limit (<0.1 ppm) for humans. The mechanism for the performance of imine-based COFs was unveiled in-depth by various characterization techniques and analyses. This study not only provides a new type of advanced materials for ozone sensing and removal but also broadens the application scope of COFs.

Measurement of ozone and nitrogen oxide concentration emitted from household deodorizer using a developed colorimetric ozone detection paper and porous glass analytical chip

Measurement of ozone and nitrogen oxide concentration emitted from household deodorizer using a developed colorimetric ozone detection paper and porous glass analytical chip