Oyo State Research Articles

Challenges Confronting Cattle Farmers in Selected Farms in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria

Challenges Confronting Cattle Farmers in Selected Farms in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria

Factors Militating Against Family Caregivers on Cancer Patients Health in Selected Teaching Hospitals in Ogbomoso Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Introduction: Cancer is gradually becoming a chronic disease, which brings important needs and difficulties to both patients and caregivers. Objective: The study examines factors militating against family caregivers on cancer patients health in selected teaching hospitals in Ogbomoso area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Both questionnaire and interviewed techniques were used for data collection from 120 respondents chosen through stratified sampling techniques. In analyzing the data, logit regression model was employed in addition to conventional descriptive statistics such as tables, frequency distribution and percentages. Results: The result of regression model has coefficient of five (5) variables that were statistically significant at 1%, and 5% probability levels. The results revealed that variables with positive signs indicate that the chances of factors militating against family caregivers on cancer patients health increase with education (2.15), social support (2.76), communication, (2.67), and financial support (4.92) whereas, variables with negative sign indicates that the chances of factor militating against family caregivers on cancer patients health decreases with socio-cultural beliefs (-2.64). Conclusion: It identified that factors militating against family caregivers on cancer patients health strongly influenced by gender, age, education, marital status and religion. Hence, recommendation was made that regular systemic assessment of effects of caregiving and shared care responsibility among family members to provide a respite for a particular caregiver.

Students and Lecturers’ Use of Reference Sources in TeachingLearning Process in a Higher Institution in Oyo State, Nigeria

Students and Lecturers’ Use of Reference Sources in TeachingLearning Process in a Higher Institution in Oyo State, Nigeria

Antibiotics Resistance Pattern and Molecular Detection of ESBL Genes in E. coli from both Surface and Underground Water used for Domestic Purposes in Selected Locations in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Antibiotics Resistance Pattern and Molecular Detection of ESBL Genes in E. coli from both Surface and Underground Water used for Domestic Purposes in Selected Locations in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Residents’ Perception of Household Wellbeing on Upland Trees Conservation in Mitigating Flood in Selected Flood-Prone Communities of Oyo State, Nigeria

Residents’ Perception of Household Wellbeing on Upland Trees Conservation in Mitigating Flood in Selected Flood-Prone Communities of Oyo State, Nigeria

Post Sales Service Strategies and Small and Medium Enterprises Performance in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Post Sales Service Strategies play a vital role on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. Post Sales Service is an increasingly important part of the business sand is more complex than manufacturing product. Unlike product, it is not possible to produce services in advance and inventory this future consumption. Post Sales Service has become an essential factor for all organizations nowadays; organizations are merging several marketing mixes in different ways to enhance Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty. Organizations are trying to provide excellent Post Sales Service to Customers and using several techniques to retain Customers. Post Sales Service helps to produce remarkable revenue in almost every business field. This study sought to assess the role in which Post Sales Service Strategies play on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A survey among SMEs owners in Oyo State found that Post Sales Service can become a key differentiator and a major profit source if it’s being managed and carried out appropriately among the Small business owner and their customer in order to boost their operational performance and as well standardize their relationship with the customers. The study is immensely in various ways to Small Business Owners, Management, Practitioners, and Policy Makers. To the Small Business owners in Nigeria, the study will provide a more reliable scientific measure on issues affecting Post Sales Service on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. The findings also revealed that Post Sales Services are very important in mitigating possible collapse of SMEs. There search thus, recommends that SMEs should ensure that Post Sales Service should be used as an integral part of product offering at the same value to every customer in order to increase and survive in their operational performance efficiently and effectively.

COMPARATIVE WOOD ANATOMY OF FOUR Vernonia delile SPECIES (ASTERACEAE) IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA.

Wood anatomy of four Vernonia Delile species in Southwestern States of Nigeria was investigated with a view to identifying the anatomical features of the genus that could be used to delimit the taxa. Plant samples were collected from Oyo, Ekiti, Osun and Ondo States. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections were made from the wood of the species of Vernonia using Reichert sliding microtome at 10μm thickness. The woods were also macerated with Schultze's uid to separate the tissues and cells. The macerates and cut sections were stained with Safranine O reagent to reveal the differences in tissue arrangements, shapes and cell inclusions. The four species showed common anatomical features: pore shape at transverse plane are oval, round, rectangular circular to cylindrical, simple pitting of vessel elements and presence of - uniseriate, biseriate and multiseriate rays. The wood characteristics that can be used to distinguish the taxa are absent and presence of : tylose, bre length and percentage of solitary vessel, axial parenchyma type and its absence. These features conferred signicant taxonomic difference in the species and members were categorized into three major groups. These ndings serve as baseline for further research such as molecular studies.

Assessment of pesticides residue in selected arable farm lands in Ogbomoso South local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria

Assessment of pesticides residue in selected arable farm lands in Ogbomoso South local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS, GENDER AND TEACHERS' FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ECONOMIC CONCEPT IN SOCIAL STUDIES

The role of the teacher in the teaching-learning process is crucial for facilitating students’ learning.. However, there is a dearth of literature that incorporate socio-economic status such as parental (qualification, occupation, education, income), teachers' factors such as (qualification, work attitude and competence) and gender as they predict students’ academic achievement, particularly in economic concepts within the field of Social Studies. This study therefore investigated socio-economic status, gender and teachers' factors as predictors of students' academic achievement in economic concepts in Social Studies. The study adopted cross-sectional survey research design. Questionnaire was the instrument used to collect data from 350 respondents drawn from five senior secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State. Seventy students were selected each from the five schools drawn from Ibadan North local government areas of Oyo state. Data collected were analysed using chi-square and t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the data analysis showed that there is prominent association between socio-economic status and students' academic achievement; there is significant relationship between teachers' factor and students' academic achievement and there is no significant relationship between academic achievement of male and female students in economic concepts in Social Studies. Based on the findings, it was recommended parents should improve the conditions of their home environment to suite the purpose of their children performing better in school work while teachers improve their method of instruction to address various personality traits of students.Keywords: Socio-economic status; Gender; Academic performance; Teacher’s factor

Assessment of determinant factors responsible for divorce among divorcees in rural areas of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

The study assessed factors responsible for divorce among divorcees in rural areas of Ibadan by specifically focusing on sexual satisfaction, ethnicity/culture, and educational disparities. Divorce is related to marriage and family, and it has been used as an instrument to expose failure through marriage. In Nigeria, the high rate of divorce is mostly associated with urbanization and industrialization. The study employed a multi-stage sampling procedure using a well-structured and closed-ended questionnaire. Three out of six rural local government areas were randomly selected, representing 50%. 354 divorcees were randomly selected out of 3,064 divorce cases heard in the last 4 years using the Taro Yamane formula. The collected data were analysed through descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (chi square). The study revealed that more than half of the respondents admitted that sexual intercourse brings peace to their family, while 52% disagreed that ethnicity has to do with divorce. Therefore, sexual activities between the couple must be set as a priority, with respect for one another's as well as unique cultural beliefs, customs, and communication preferences.

The Effect of Active Review Strategy on Student’s Attitude to Basic Science in Oyo State

Students' oral language skills are very important in the digital era, and technology and communication have developed rapidly by presenting spoken language content that is popular with students. Multiliteracy learning refers to the multicontext aspect, which means learning uses various contexts or broad topics. In the multimedia aspect, multiliteracy learning uses various media. This research uses a case study design with the aim of exploring the oral language skills of elementary school students in the digital era to support multiliteracy learning. The data in the research was collected through several collection techniques in the form of questionnaires, observations and interviews. The data of this study were analysed using a qualitative approach with thematic analysis techniques. The research results show that students' oral language skills in this digital era are still limited to non-formal speaking skills. Talking content comes from shows that are watched, namely short dramas, advice, food review videos, other entertainment content. The type of text used in oral language learning is only printed text, which in their daily lives students often watch content on social media such as WhatsApp, Tiktok, snackvideo and YouTube. Students prefer short, interesting videos, with a few activities that involve thinking skills. Listening and speaking activities through these sources can be included in learning according to a multiliteracy context so that it is more meaningful for students.

Population dynamics of tsetse fly in Ido LGA of Oyo state in response to environmental factors and climate change

Population dynamics of tsetse fly in Ido LGA of Oyo state in response to environmental factors and climate change

Strategies for enhancing food security and poverty status among women food entrepreneurs in Ido Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria

Strategies for enhancing food security and poverty status among women food entrepreneurs in Ido Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria

Assessment of pesticide knowledge, Safety Practices and postharvest handling among cocoa farmers in South Western Nigeria

Cocoa beans are susceptible to fungal contamination during processing and storage. The knowledge of the use of pesticides and post-harvest handling of cocoa beans among farmers is of great importance for safe consumption. The study evaluated common cocoa production and post-harvest practices of farmers in selected study locations in South Western Nigeria. Primary data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaires, and interviews. The collected data were analyzed using inferential descriptive statistics. The results of 394 farmers showed that 52.9 % in Osun and 47.3 % in Oyo were primarily farmers by occupation, the rest had other ventures. The majority of cocoa farmers were men:83.6 % in Oyo State, 88.2 % in Osun state and 87.9 % in Ondo state. 28.6 % and 32.7 % of farmers were aged 51–60 in the Ondo and Oyo communities, respectively. Osun farming communities are dominated by young adults (51 %) of 31–50 years, followed by Ondo 40 % and36 % of farmers in Oyo State. Most cocoa farmers were married with 4–6 children as the most common household size in Osun (51 %), Ondo (60.4 %) and 49.1 % in Oyo State. The literacy level of farmers in cocoa communities was the highest in Oyo state where 47.3 % had tertiary education. Farmers in Oyo State had better knowledge of the dangers of pesticides than Ondo and Osun. However, ignorance of dangers in agrochemicals was higher among Osun farmers than in Ondo State. The highest (18 %) pesticide use during storage was recorded among Oyo farmers, while the least (11.0 %) was recorded among farmers in Ondo State. Pesticide usage was more abundant in Osun (50 %) during cocoa production than in the other study areas. The majority of farmers were positively disposed to make use of nose masks during agrochemical application, meanwhile, 69 %, 62 %, and 61 % of farmers used them already in Oyo, Ondo, and Osun states, respectively. Educational qualification (χ2 = 9.176, p = 0.027) of cocoa farmers was significantly related to knowledge of best practices. Farmers with higher education have a greater ability to receive and process information relating to global best practices in production, postharvest, and pesticide handling in cocoa. In conclusion, cocoa farmers’ knowledge of processing, use of pesticides, and storage practices differed from one location to another. Intensive orientation and more enlightenment by extension workers against indiscriminate use of pesticides in cocoa plantations and stores must be consistently and continuously done.

The Significance of Processing Techniques on the Quality of Smoked African Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus) Using Different Energy Sources

There is unavoidable need for fish smoking as a preservative technique to reduce rampant post harvest losses in the tropical Africa. However the imperative of healthier and quality smoked products through improved processing method were however investigated. Organoleptic and chemical assessment of African catfish collected from a reputable fish farm in Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria was carried out. Eviscerated and non-eviserated fish samples were smoked using four different smoke sources: Gmelina (Gmnelina arborea), Parkia (Parkia biglobosa), Neem (Azadirachita indica) and charcoal. Overall acceptability was based on 5-point Hedonic scale (excellent (5) - poor (1). Chemical test was on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon contents (benzo(a)pyrene, Fluoranthene, Napthalene, Acenapthalene, Chrysene and Benzo(ghi) perylene). Data were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using general linear mode (GLM) of Factorial Experimental Design and means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range tests (P<0.05). Non- eviscerated smoked African catfish samples had lower scores for colour than eviscerated smoked samples for energy sources used. Eviscerated samples had mean scores of 4.64, 3.91, 3.36 and 2.82 for charcoal, Gmelina, Neem and Parkia smoked samples respectively, much better than scores of 4.36, 2.46, 2.36 and 2.27 obtained for non-eviscerated samples. Total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were highest in samples produced using Gmelina as smoke source and Neem for eviscerated (15.25 µg/kg) and non-eviscerated (29.43 µg/kg) samples respectively. Evisceration of fish prior to smoking enhances its sensory characteristics however; concentrations of PAHs for both eviscerated and non-eviscerated fish samples were within the recommended international standard limit.

Development and psychometric properties of an instrument to measure perception of aphrodisiac use among undergraduates in a southwestern Nigerian university.

A tool to measure perception of aphrodisiac use by undergraduates students of University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria was developed and validated. The study was hinged on several theories that could explain potential to use aphrodisiac among the youths. An exploratory mixed methods design was used to develop a scale to measure perception of aphrodisiac use by undergraduate students of University of Ibadan. Qualitative data collection was performed among thirty equally represented male and female students and five key informant interview participants while 919 participants completed the quantitative phase (surveys). Integration of matched qualitative themes from FGD/KII to survey domains was achieved through the 'building approach'. Qualitative themes assessing perceptions of aphrodisiac use by university undergraduate students were used to develop original survey items as well as new survey items peculiar to research subjects. Exploratory factor analysis was deployed on polychoric correlation matrix of the items using R-statistical packages. Further model fit analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis on the items suggested by EFA as well as composite reliability and construct validity tests for the constructs. Mean Z-scores of factors were computed against socio-demographics and symptoms of aphrodisiac use among respondents that have ever used it. Most respondents (84.3%) were under 25 years, mostly male (58.4%) and singles (96.3%), with 41.3% earning ≤20,000 naira monthly. The enhanced content validity of the items from mixed method analysis yielded two major domains. Two succession of factor analyses and a structural equation modeling suggested that a first-order model is good fit for experimental data (TLI = 0.931; CFI = 0.948; SRMR = 0.047; RMSEA = 0.083). The four-factor solution to the model included: prolonged sexual performance, use without erectile dysfunction or medical advice, treatment of erectile dysfunction and recreational purposes with an internal and composite reliability that ranged from 0.62-0.92 and 0.63-0.92. The validation with socio-demographics and consequences of aphrodisiac use indicated that: Male respondents, those older than 20years, the married, those from poorly educated parent and sufferers of all related consequences had statistically significant differences with poor perception of aphrodisiac use' domains. This validated instrument is good for assessment of perception of aphrodisiac use among students in tertiary institution albeit with caution. A version of the scale that is broadened with highly refined items and tested for high internal validity is suggested.

Climatic Variations and Indoor Environmental Quality Performance of Houses in Selected Cities in Oyo State, Nigeria

Understanding how climatic variations influence Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) becomes crucial for designing sustainable and comfortable living spaces in this specific region. This study therefore investigates the effect of climatic variations on IEQ performance of houses in selected cities within Oyo State, Nigeria. The types of data collected for the study were numeric and ordinal. The numeric data of air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and noise level, were gotten through objective measurements and IEQ through IEQ Calculator. The ordinal data were gotten through observation and questionnaire. Control Potential Zone technique on psychometric chat was used to analyze climate of Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Kisi. The physical measurements were conducted in the living, bedroom and kitchen spaces of the sampled houses in the low, medium and high residential density zones of the selected cities. A sample size of 581 houses from 3,490 were selected across each of the three residential density zones in the selected cities. The indoor temperature and relative humidity in the three cities were higher during the afternoon period with average thermal stress index of 39.40C, 36.90C and 38.40C respectively for Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Kisi respectively. None of the spaces satisfied the effective indoor ventilation comfort criteria of between 0.5m/s -1.5 m/s. All the spaces except the bedroom space in the compound impluvium house type satisfied the illumination range of between 50 – 60 lux. The maximum indoor noise level during the morning, afternoon and evening periods in study area were 58db, 59db and 58db respectively. Result from the IEQ calculator indicated that majority of the houses (83.6%) were star 2 in the IEQ performance. The implication was that these houses were below average in terms of IEQ performance.

Enhanced Labor Management: Implementing WHO Recommendations in Oyo State Nursing Practice

Introduction: An increase in the incidence of Urinary tract infections due to Candida species has been observed. The higher rate of Candiduria due to Non albicans Candida is now being reported than due to Candida albicans.The emergence of drug resistance in Candida species has complicated the patient management. Aim: to observe the prevalence of Candida species in UTIs and their antifungal susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted fora period of three months in NIMS, Jaipur. Symptomatic patients belonging to all age groups were included in the study. Catheterized or clean catch midstream urine were centrifuged and the sediment was plated on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar slants with and without Chloramphenicol. A wet mount preparation was also made and looked for the presence of pus cells, yeast cells, pseudohyphae, etc. Yeast were identified by using germ tube, Chromogenic agar, chlamydospore formation and carbohydrate assimilation tests. Antifungalsusceptibility testing was performed on Muller Hinton Methylene Blue Agar. Result: The Candida species were isolated in only 24 (4.8%) samples. Only 8 cases yielded Candida albicans(33.33%). The highest cases were found to be of Candida tropicalis (n=14) while remaining two cases has growth of Candida krusai (n=1) and Candida glabrata (n=1). Keywords: WHO guidelines, labor management, and patient care & outcomes.

Safety Literacy and Societal Well-Being: A Case Study of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Safety Literacy and Societal Well-Being: A Case Study of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Instrumentation of the Nigeria network of seismological stations

“Living in fear of Nigeria biggest Earthquake” is a sub-heading of the Punch daily newspaper of Nigeria, dated, 21st of August, 2016, reported the earthquake/tremor recently witnessed in the ancient town of Saki, accompanied by a series of aftershock events that lasted for about three (3) months (March/May, 2016) southwest Nigeria[1]. Similarly, roughly five (5) years later, another series of earthquakes/tremors occurred again in Saki town, which was reported by an online news vendor named “Ripples Nigeria” dated September 8, 2021, under the sub-heading of “earth tremor rocks Saki in Oyo state”[2]. However, these events were not captured nor recorded by any of the functional seismological stations in Nigeria. The nearest seismological station located at the Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) Ile-Ife, also failed to capture the events. We therefore seek to examine the instrumentation of the Nigerian National Network of Seismographic Stations. This is necessary to understand the functionalities and the capabilities of the deployed seismometers in each of the seismic stations. Therefore, we evaluated the bandpass limit of the seismic wave frequency for the respective seismic stations in Nigeria through the computation of the amplitude-frequency response curve, phase response curve, and count to cm/sec.